"Aesthetic education should start with dolls". At present, it is a new development and pursuit of educational philosophy to raise aesthetic education to the level of improving the quality of the whole people and cultivating cross-century talents. Aesthetic education, as a potential power to cultivate sentiment, improve the realm, open the mind and stimulate creativity and imagination, plays an important role in comprehensively improving the quality of national culture, especially for the healthy growth of children.
Traditional music generally refers to local music with national characteristics passed down from generation to generation. Folk music originated from life is closely related to children's life experience, with rich and colorful forms, pleasing to the eye, suitable for children's age characteristics and easy to accept. Developing and utilizing local music resources with distinctive national characteristics and healthy content to cultivate and educate children can stimulate their feelings of loving their hometown and motherland. Yongchun, located in the middle of southern Fujian, is rich in national culture and traditional folk music, such as inspiring, gaojia opera, Nanyin, puppet show, folk songs and so on. However, at present, kindergartens make relatively poor use of music resources with local characteristics, and lack of excavation, inheritance and creation of surrounding life and local music culture, which makes many music with local characteristics gradually dispersed. ...
Therefore, we try to take the development and utilization of local music resources as the main line, which is of great significance to carry forward national culture, sprout children's patriotic consciousness, and complete the educational goal of "making full use of social resources, guiding children to experience the richness and Excellence of the motherland's culture, feeling the changes and development of their hometown, and inspiring children's feelings of loving their hometown and motherland" put forward in the Guiding Outline of Kindergarten Education. It is both possible and realistic to choose art education content close to children's life and carry out art activities with hometown and folk characteristics. Moreover, through the research of this topic, we also pay attention to the formation of kindergarten-based music curriculum.
Second, the theoretical basis
Constructivism theory, multiple intelligences theory, Bruner's advocacy of using discovery learning method, Chen Heqin's theory that life is education, and the spirit of the art field in Kindergarten Guiding Outline.
Three. Research objectives and contents:
1. Excavate, sort out and study the music education content suitable for preschool education.
2. Explore the practical ways and methods of folk music in kindergarten education.
3. On the basis of practical research, form an effective and operable kindergarten-based music textbook.
Fourth, research methods.
Literature, investigation and action research.
Research steps of verb (abbreviation of verb):
(1) preparation stage (2003.438+0-2003.3)
1. The members of the research group carefully studied Cao He's theory of music education, changed the concept of education and teaching, and established a correct view of education and children.
2. Make the project plan, determine the members of the research group and divide the work.
3. The research team members collect materials and discuss them.
4. The members of the research group * * * made the measurement index of the pre-test.
(II) Specific implementation stage (April 2003 to May 2005)
1. Pre-test the experimental class.
2. Further collect the educational materials of local folk music and learn Xu Zhuoya's music education theory.
3. Set educational goals and choose activities according to the goals, so that children can initially understand and feel the local folk music in the activities.
4. Explore how to effectively educate children in music activities.
5, according to the children's level design records and tracking records.
6, can boldly use various forms of expression to express their emotional experience.
7. Invite actors from Gaos Opera Troupe and Puppet Troupe to perform in the Garden.
8. Establish a small theater and puppet troupe in the college.
(3) Summary stage (May 6, 2005)
1. Collate the results and analyze relevant data.
2. Compilation of achievement sets (reflection records, activity design, folk music teaching materials, theme activity plans, self-made children's songs, etc.). ).
3. Participate in writing the project report and exchange the research results of the research group.
Research achievements of intransitive verbs
survey result
Investigation and statistics on the utilization of local music resources (unit: person)
project
fingerprint
Can dance in harmony with the rhythm of music.
Show a strong interest in all kinds of local music
Children are sensitive to local music when watching TV and videos?
Can hear and distinguish several ethnic groups
Music?
cannot
Basically.
can
no
interest
Compare interest
interest
Not very sensitive
Basic sensitivity
Very sensitive
1-2 species
three kinds
More than 4 kinds
Pretest
26
five
four
20
10
five
16
1 1
eight
29
six
Post test
five
30
1
six
28
four
six
25
five
30
Note: You can basically dance harmoniously with the music rhythm of 1-2.
Can beat 1-2 into the typical rhythm of local music.
Comparative interest: Interest in 1-2 kinds of local music lasts about 30 seconds.
Basic sensitivity: able to respond to local music.
project
fingerprint
Can hear and distinguish local music.
You can make local music.
Classical festivals
Can hum several mother tongues
Music?
How many musical instruments can you play?
Simple local music
cannot
1-2 species
More than 3 kinds
cannot
Basically.
can
cannot
1-2 species
three kinds
cannot
Basically.
can
Pretest
22
10
three
35
17
1 1
seven
25
six
four
Post test
2
five
28
three
three
29
1
34
1
three
3 1
The outline points out that all kinds of kindergarten education in urban and rural areas should proceed from reality, adjust measures to local conditions, make full use of local social resources, form a curriculum system with local characteristics, cultivate children's local awareness and local awareness, and stimulate children's feelings of loving their hometown and motherland. As can be seen from the above list, 62.9% of children can't distinguish local music, 65,438+0,000% can't shoot the typical rhythm of local music, 72% can't play simple local music with musical instruments, and 82.8% can only distinguish one kind of national music. Two years later, most children became very interested in local music and showed a strong desire to explore. We know that local music includes Gaojia opera, Nanyin, puppet show, inspiration and nursery rhymes. Gaojia Opera and Nanyin are our characteristic operas in southern Fujian, which are deeply loved by everyone and deepen our love for our hometown. 82.9% children can sing the typical rhythm of local music, and 97.3% children can sing 3-5 Yongchun folk nursery rhymes, such as Strike the Iron Brother, Cover the Chicken and Catch the Peck. 9 1% children can dance harmoniously with the rhythm of music, for example, it is dark, a bird. 93.9% children can play simple local music with two musical instruments, and 90.9% children can distinguish more than three kinds of national music. Learning in the game makes me happy physically and mentally, and I feel and love the beauty of folk art in my hometown initially. Introducing local music into kindergarten music education in our garden not only broadens children's horizons and enriches their knowledge, but also enhances their aesthetic sensitivity to local music, experiences the joy of creation and expression, and inspires children's feelings of loving local culture and hometown.
Actual achievement
When conducting research, we put children and teachers in an important position, give teachers and children a very free and independent space, and encourage children to take the initiative to participate and be the masters of learning. We can see that teachers and children are busy and happy from looking for information, actively asking questions, participating in environment creation and visiting, and children and teachers have become the main body of activities. In April, 2003, folk dances enjoyed "Touch Ball Dance" and participated in the observation activities of the provincial music research group. In May, 2003, the rhythmic activity "Picking Tea and Butterflies" was observed by the research group and was well received by experts. 20 1 1 June art activity "Little Bride" 10 was highly appreciated by the Malaysian preschool education delegation; From June, 5438 to February, 2003, the artistic experience "The Ugly Performers" won the first prize in the quality class evaluation of young teachers in the county. 2011/The article "A New Perspective for Kindergarten to Appreciate Local Music" won the Excellence Award in the paper appraisal of Quanzhou Preschool Education Annual Meeting. The college has compiled two sets of teacher reflection, activity design and experience summary, and achieved certain results.
The harvest in teaching
1. Create a rich atmosphere and cultivate children with local music.
Children grow up in active interaction with their surroundings. Environment has an important influence on children's growth. Therefore, we pay attention to the design environment, enrich the environment, change the environment, cultivate children with the environment, and let children feel the beauty of local culture. Free in www.zhlzw.COM.
First of all, local music is integrated into morning exercises and afternoon exercises in various years; Play Minnan songs, nursery rhymes, music, operas, etc. During the free activities such as getting up in the morning and going out in the afternoon, let the teacher guide the children to play games and activities freely and happily in the environment where local music haunts.
Secondly, teachers have added colorful folk game toys in various activity areas, such as two people and three feet, bamboo stilts in the sports corner, rolling iron rings, etc. "East, West, North and South" in the corner; The beat of the music corner rings the fist and presses the foot drum; Performing high-profile opera, Hui 'an costumes and puppet performances; Read hometown biographies and homemade folk songs. It is convenient for children to subtly understand the local folk music culture.
In addition, according to the different time of theme development, children are influenced by local music culture by arranging temporary wall decoration. For example, during the "Fashion Designer" activity, the collected photos, costumes and headdresses of Gaojia Opera and Liyuan Opera are hung around the stage of "Quyuan Miscellaneous Altar" to let children truly feel the essence of local operas; In Wonderful Ten, we designed and produced high-end costumes, and teachers and children worked together to make faces of various roles in Minnan local opera. Writing and performing in the performance corner. Another example is: in traditional festivals such as the Spring Festival and Lantern Festival, pictures and lanterns of Yongchun Encouragement, Ball Touch Dance and Chest Dance made by children are arranged around the activity room, and ethnic handicrafts such as Chinese knots, paper, lanterns and red silk are decorated during the festival, so that children can get in touch with the ocean of ethnic handicrafts and experience the beauty of their hometown, the harmony of their ancestors and the harmony of traditional music.
2. Choose suitable materials to stimulate children's interest in exploring local music.
Although local music comes from life and is closely related to children's lives, not all local music is suitable for children. The key is that the artistic image of music works should be lively, the content described should be familiar and interesting in children's lives, and the thoughts and feelings should arouse children's emotions, stimulate children's curiosity, arouse their interest in appreciation, and give full play to children's association and imagination.
First of all, choose materials that are easy to understand and interesting to children. Such as Nanyin-lighting red in the first month, straight into the garden, good night during the Spring Festival; Yongchun folk songs-"The Scarf Song", "Flowers Bloom in the Garden" and "Come with Happiness"; Play nursery rhymes in Yongchun-dark, dark, black, black, cock horn, pecking away songs, sucking chickens and singing while the iron is hot; Gaojia opera-the bride gets into the sedan chair, a group of ugly people, etc. The folk song Tian Hei Hei, which is read in dialect, is humorous and catchy, and between the lines reveals the profound attainments of folk artists in text arrangement. Recitation can be accompanied by folk musical instruments such as clapping, beat and drumming, which are commonly used in Minnan Nanyin performance, and the flavor of hometown is stronger. These songs are vivid in content, with distinctive characters, plots and artistic features, which are deeply loved by children. Another example is the unique and novel dance beauty and humorous expression of the clown performer group, which adopts different artistic forms and expressions of singing, reading and teasing. The lyrics are easy to understand and the rhythm is bright. Folk music with lively rhythm makes children catchy and easy to learn. Children go through the learning process of appreciation-touching-experience-performance-creation, and children are singing.
Secondly, choose educational and interesting materials for children. Music education is to impress and cultivate children's hearts with music and guide them to love music and life. When choosing teaching materials, we should pay attention to choosing healthy and uplifting content, promote children's all-round and coordinated development of body, intelligence, morality and beauty, cultivate children's good personality imperceptibly, and lay a good foundation for life. For example, traditional puppet shows such as Shi Gandang, Aquilaria Resinatum and Flame Mountain promote national integrity and encourage people to be brave, kind and diligent. Another example is the nursery rhyme "Chicken", where rhyming children's songs are combined with finger games to subtly educate children to eat more vegetables; "Chicken horn" is to educate children to study consciously and help their mothers to do things. These resources not only contain a lot of cultural and artistic knowledge, but also have strong folk customs, strong regionality and inheritance, and are rare educational resources. We integrate them into children's lives and the knowledge and experience of various disciplines, so that children can feel and experience the fun of activities.
3. Infiltrate innovative education and encourage children to imagine and create boldly.
Einstein said: "Imagination is more important than knowledge, because knowledge is limited, and imagination summarizes everything in the world and is the source of knowledge." Creation needs imagination, and imagination is the premise of creation. If we pay attention to the diversification of application forms in music activities, we can not only stimulate children's interest in learning, but also cultivate their creative ability and let them experience happiness in local music art activities.
? First of all, skillfully combine literature, art and other art forms to guide children to express their true feelings about music on the basis of enjoying music, so that feelings and imagination can be integrated. For example, when enjoying Nanyin's "Lighting Red in the First Month", the teacher plays a piece of music at the beginning of the activity, so that children can close their eyes and imagine, guide them to draw music on the basis of auditory perception, and draw what they hear and think with the help of stick figures to cultivate their creativity; Then the teacher tells a beautiful story in vivid language, and guides the children to have a lot of free imagination according to their own feelings about music; Then carry out body rhythm and create unique movements: some take round steps, small steps and Hua Dan; Some are making a movement; Some hold long plastic inserts (as lanterns) and dance to the music-showing their innocent and lively side. On the basis of feeling musical emotion, children give full play to their imagination and creativity.
Secondly, provide rich materials to encourage children to perform boldly and creatively. On the basis of letting children understand music, it is necessary to provide rich materials, guide children to explore independently and give full play to their creative ability. In corner activities, you can often see the shadow of creation. For example, in Fantastic Ten, they made beards with wire and wool, hats with bowls and boxes, raw, beautiful, clean and ugly faces with stones, various colors of paper and pigments, and some directly painted faces on T-shirts. In Qu Yuan's Miscellaneous Talks, the girls put on red hijab made of silk scarves and sleeves made of wrinkled paper to dress up. The boys put on their beards and hats, put on their clowns and costumes, and sang and danced with the music; In the "dynamic world", they heard the music of "touching the ball" and created many movements with the colorful ball jumped by the teacher: touching with the head, kicking with the back, touching with the knees and toes, touching with the shoulders and palms ... Because the children participated in a series of activities, after appreciating and understanding these characters, they exchanged their experiences and feelings and deepened their experience and understanding of local music.
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Third, thinking-driven, focusing on cultivating children to try and innovate. Nursery rhymes have a clear rhythm and a sense of rhythm. In teaching, teachers guide children to match children's songs with smooth and simple melody, and organically combine children's songs with music, which not only gives children more opportunities to be influenced by music, but also inspires their creative thinking. For example, in the activity of learning "Lagougou", the teacher gradually guides the children to find songs consistent with the ballad of "Lagougou", and lets the children perform a short singing practice, and the teacher will give them guidance and adjustment. After constant guidance and training, it is entirely possible for children to create tunes for familiar nursery rhymes to express their feelings. Cultivate children's creativity in activities, so that children can have a happy experience in local music and art activities.
In the past two years, we have made full use of local music resources to build an educational model that combines various artistic forms of song, dance and music, and integrated interesting local music into children's activities. We are surprised to see that children not only have a deeper understanding of festivals, folk customs and culture in this area, but also write and sing children's songs and folk songs. Therefore, reorganizing local high-quality resources, using them flexibly, innovating and developing, and integrating folk culture into children's learning can not only make children rooted in the rich cultural soil of folk culture, understand its connotation, inherit its essence, sprout the consciousness of loving their hometown and nation, but also improve their humanistic quality and promote their all-round development.
Eight, the existing problems
Teachers' daily teaching work is heavy, and there is too little time for study and research. We know that it is difficult to study and experiment without enough time and theoretical accumulation. Teachers don't know much about folk music, are not interested in it, and collect little information. There are few ready-made music materials suitable for children to learn. Schools lack financial assistance and support. Holding teaching seminars requires funds, going out to study requires funds, and inviting experts to give lectures requires funds. However, the limited funds of the school have inhibited the normal development of scientific research activities to some extent.
Faced with many difficulties, the members of the research group will do their best to popularize the results of this project. The school will continue to strive to provide teachers with as many learning opportunities as possible and create a good working environment. Teachers should attach importance to the work of data collation and sublimate their experience in theory. Let teachers experience the value of research and taste the joy of success.