Du Fu (A.D. 7 12-770), a poet of the Tang Dynasty, Han nationality, was born in Gongxian County, Henan Province (now Gongyi, Zhengzhou). People, Du, number Shaoling night old. He was a great realistic poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty in China, serving the country and the people. He is known as a poet, saint and world cultural celebrity, and is also known as "the great Du Li" with Li Bai. Du Fu's ancestral home is Xiangyang (now Xiangfan City, Hubei Province). His distant ancestor is Du Yu, a famous poet in the Jin Dynasty, and his ancestor is Du Yu, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty. Du Fu was once a member of Zuo Shiyi's school department, and later he was called Du Shiyi. Du Fu lived in the historical period from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty, and his poems mostly involved social unrest, political darkness and people's sufferings. His poems are called "the history of poetry". Du Fu was concerned about the country and the people, with noble personality and exquisite poetic skills, and was called "Poet Saint" by later gods. Du Fu wrote more than 1400 poems in his life, many of which are famous works that have been handed down through the ages, such as Three Officials, Three Farewells and Du Gongbu Collection. Among them, the "three officials" are Shi Haoguan, Xin 'an official and Tongguan official, and the "three farewell" are newly married, homeless and resigned. Du Fu's poems are the most widely circulated in the Tang Dynasty. He is the most outstanding poet in the Tang Dynasty and has a far-reaching influence on later generations.
Influence on future generations
Du Fu is good at using many systems of classical poetry and creatively developing them. He is the pioneer of the new Yuefu poetry style. His Yuefu poems contributed to the development of the new Yuefu movement in the middle Tang Dynasty. His "May 7th" ancient novel, which is also a history of poetry, begins to narrate and focus on the whole story, marking the high achievement of China's poetry art. Du Fu also showed extraordinary creativity in the May 7th law, and accumulated complete artistic experience in the aspects of temperament, antithesis and refining words and sentences, which made this genre reach a fully mature stage.
Bamboo Stone Author: Introduction to Zheng Xie
Zhèngxiè, whose real name is Kerou, is from Banqiao. Born on October 25th in the thirty-second year of Kangxi (A.D. 1693) and died on December 12th in the thirty-third year of Qianlong (A.D. 1765), China was a painter, calligrapher and writer in the Qing Dynasty. Jiangsu Xinghua, Kangxi scholar, Yongzheng juren, Qianlong Jinshi. He lives in Yangzhou and sells paintings for a living. As one of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou", his poems, books and paintings are praised as "three wonders" and he is good at painting Zhu Lan.
According to Li Yubang's "A Survey of Ou Boluo's Calligraphy and Painting", the eight eccentrics are Li, Shan Li, Jin Nong, Huang Shen, Zheng Xie, Gao Xiang and Wang. In addition, Gao You, Bian Shoumin, Min Zhen, etc. Being listed as "Eight Eccentrics" in various books, opinions are very inconsistent. Today, people got the number "eight" from Li Yubang.
Zheng Banqiao's ancestors, three generations are literati, great-grandfather, Xiang was born; Grandfather Qing, a high-ranking Confucian official, father, Ang Lee, and Lin Zexu were born. Zheng Banqiao was born in a poor intellectual family. He lost his mother since childhood and was raised by his stepmother. When I was a teenager, I studied with my hometown father Lu Zhen. In my twenties, I was a scholar. In the tenth year of Yongzheng (1732), he took part in the provincial examination and was a scholar in the first year of Qianlong (1736). For seven years, he served as the magistrate of Fanxian County, Shandong Province. A year later, he was transferred to Wei County. In the thirteenth year of Qianlong, Li Hongdong traveled to Mount Tai. He is the history of calligraphy and painting. /kloc-in 0/8, he offended officials by asking for relief and was dismissed from office. The seals commonly used in his paintings and calligraphy are: "Kangxi Scholar, Yongzheng Juren, Qianlong Jinshi", "Qianlong Dongyin Painting and Calligraphy History" and "Seven Official Ears", which can be said to be a documentary of his life.
Zheng Xie is a brilliant politician. He hates the corrupt style of officialdom and sympathizes with the grassroots. His first two years in wei county coincided with the Shandong famine, and there was a tragic scene of "man eating man". Zheng Xie took emergency measures, failed to report to his boss for approval, and used official grain to lend to the hungry. After autumn, the disaster is still heavy. He burned all the loan vouchers and adopted the method of "work for relief" to build cities and dig pools to attract victims from far and near to work and eat. Ordered the big families in the city to open factories to cook porridge, build houses to accumulate millet and store food, and let the hungry people survive the famine. However, these measures violated the interests of the rich gentry and corrupt officials and were wrongly rejected. When he left wei county, his bag was empty, with only a few books. People regretted keeping him and even set up a shrine for him. Zheng Xie's character is broad-minded, informal, talkative and deceitful. At that time, they were called "lunatics" and "freaks". After retirement, he lived in Yangzhou and made a living by selling paintings.
Yu Qian's Poems of Lime;
Yu Qian (1398 May13 ~1457 February 16): Han nationality. The word Tingyi, a native of Qiantang, Zhejiang, was a famous minister of the Ming Dynasty and a national hero. At the age of seven, a monk was surprised by his appearance and said, "This is the prime minister who will save the world in the future." In the 19th year of Yongle, Yu Qian was admitted to the Jinshi Examination.
In the early years of Xuande, Yu Qian was appointed as the censor. When playing correctly, the voice is loud and the language is fluent, which makes the emperor listen attentively. Gu Zuo was appointed as an imperial envoy and was very strict with his subordinates. Only when he is modest and polite does he think that his talent is better than himself. When Hu Cong was stationed in Le 'an, Gao Xu came out to surrender, and the emperor asked Yu Qian to dictate the crime. Yu Qianyi is strict in words and expressive in expression. He fell to the ground with high fever and fought for protection, claiming that he deserved to die. The emperor was very happy. The team returned to Beijing and gave Yu Qian the same reward as the ministers.
Yu Qian toured Jiangxi to avenge hundreds of wronged prisoners. He went to the official school in Shaanxi to harass the people and issued letters to arrest them. The emperor knew that Yu Qian could shoulder the heavy responsibility. At that time, he was preparing to add the right assistant minister of various ministries as the provincial governor, so he personally wrote down Yu Qian's name and gave it to the official department, and was promoted to the right assistant minister of the Ministry of War and the governor of Henan and Shanxi. After Yu Qian took office, Qingqi bypassed the area under his jurisdiction, visited his elders, inspected all the things that should be set up or renovated at that time, and immediately put forward a letter. Write several times a year, and report any slight floods and droughts immediately.
During the orthodox years, eunuch Wang Zhen was autocratic and took bribes without scruple. Hundreds of officials rushed to offer money for flattery. During the court meeting, those who go to see Wang Zhen must give one hundred and twenty pieces of silver; If you can offer 1,200 pieces of silver, you can only serve food and wine and go home drunk. Moreover, Yu Qian didn't bring any gifts every time he went to Beijing to play. Someone advised him: "If you can't send gold and silver treasures, can't you bring some local products?" Yu Qian smiled smartly, shook his sleeves and said, "Only the breeze." I also specially wrote the poem "Going to Beijing" to show my ambition:
Handkerchiefs, mushrooms and thread incense are harmful to people.
The wind blows the sleeves to the sky, so as not to talk short.
This is the story of clean hands.
Du Mu's "Walking"
Du Mu (AD 803-about 852), a poet in the Tang Dynasty, Han nationality, Mu Zhi, a layman in Fan Chuan, a native of Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi, Shaanxi), was the grandson of Prime Minister Du You. Tang Wenzong Yamato entered the Jinshi in the second year and was awarded the title of proofreader of Hong Wen Museum. Later, I went to Jiangxi to observe the envoys, turned to Huainan to observe the envoys, and then entered the envoys. Edited by the History Museum, catering department, Bibi department and Si Xun were appointed as foreign ministers, while Huangzhou, Chizhou and Zhou Mu were appointed as secretariat. Finally, the official came to Zhongshu Sheren. An outstanding poet in the late Tang Dynasty, especially famous for his seven-character quatrains. He is good at prose, and his "Epanggong Fu" is read by later generations. He paid close attention to military affairs, wrote many military papers and annotated the Art of War by Sun Tzu. The Collected Works of Fan Chuan handed down from ancient times has twenty volumes, including four volumes of poetry, edited by his nephew Pei. There is also a volume of "Fan Chuan Waiji" and "Fan Chuan Bieji" supplemented by Song people. The Complete Tang Poetry contains eight volumes of Du Mu's poems. The poems in the late Tang Dynasty were so gentle that Mu Zhi made a precipitous correction. The seven dragons have far-reaching charm, and the factions in the late Tang Dynasty were independent.
People call it "Xiao Du" to distinguish it from Du Fu. Also known as "Little Du Li" with Li Shangyin. Mu Zhi is ambitious and eloquent, boasting about his ability to help the world. ICBC's cursive script "Xuanhe Shupu" says: "The grass is vigorous and powerful, which is consistent with its article." Dong Qichang's "Rong Tai Collection" said: "After I met Yan and Liu, if it weren't for Qing, (Du) was also famous." It is said that his book "has the charm of the Six Dynasties". The ink handed down from ancient times has Zhang Shihua. His works are very rich, including Collected Works of Fan Chuan, Old Tang Book (147) and New Tang Book (166). Zhang Shi Cao Shu Ink was written by Du Mu Taihe in the eighth year (834), at the age of 32. The post is a piece of hemp paper, 28.2 cm long and 162 cm wide, with 46 lines and 322 words in total. As can be seen from the whole poem volume, his calligraphy won the charm of the Six Dynasties. The original is now in the Palace Museum. This calligraphy work is magnificent and smooth. Because it is a manuscript of poetry, it is even more unpretentious. There are inscriptions, inscriptions and seals of Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties at the beginning and end of the volume. He has been awarded by Song Dynasty, Jia Sidao, Ming Xiangzi, Xiao Si, Qing Biao, Qianlong, Jiaqing, Neifu and Collection. There are records in Xuanhe Pu Shu, Rong Tai Collection, Splendid Life and Grand View Record. Du Mu is famous for his poems, so his title is covered by the title of his poems. This book was carved in Fa Tie, a monk. Photocopying can be done in Yan Guang Room and Showa Fa Tie Series. Du Mu lived in South Fan Chuan Villa in Chang 'an in his later years, so he was later called "Du Fanchuan".
Literary achievements
Du Mu's literary creation has many achievements, including poetry, prose and ancient prose. He advocated that all works should be based on meaning, supplemented by qi, defended by words and sentences, and had a correct understanding of the relationship between content and form of works. And it can absorb and melt the strengths of predecessors and form its own special style. In poetry creation, Du Mu is as famous as Li Shangyin, another outstanding poet in the late Tang Dynasty, and is called "Little Du Li". Influenced by Du Fu and Han Yu, his classical poems have a wide range of themes and bold brushwork. His modern poems are famous for their beautiful words and ups and downs. The seven-law "Early Wild Goose" expresses the nostalgia for the people in the northern frontier displaced by the Uighur invasion, and it has a graceful and lingering taste. "Ascending the Mountain in Nine Days" writes his broad-minded mind in a bold style, but it also contains deep sadness. The general trend of poetry in the late Tang Dynasty is gorgeous and dense, and Du Mu is influenced by the atmosphere of the times and also pays attention to the use of words. This tendency of fierce rhetoric, combined with his personal characteristics of "heroic and heroic", is elegant and graceful, magnificent and exquisite.
Su Shi's Huanxisha
Su Shi (1037 ~ 1 1), known as the "Dongpo lay man", died at the age of 66. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Emperor Gaozong worked for six years and gave it to the Taishi. Meizhou (now Meishan, Sichuan), a native of Han nationality, is the eldest son of Su Xun, a famous writer, painter, essayist, poet and lyricist in the Northern Song Dynasty, and a representative of bold poets. In the second year of Jiayou (1057), he was a scholar with his brother Su Zhe. Dali was appointed as the judge and signed the book Fengxiang House. In the second year of Xining (1069), he returned to the DPRK after the expiration of his father's funeral system and sued the court for being a judge. Disagreement with Wang Anshi's political views, opposition to the implementation of the new law, self-employment, and imprisonment for General Hangzhou. Move to Mizhou (now Zhucheng, Shandong Province) and Xuzhou. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), he was involved in Wutai poetry case, and was responsible for granting Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei Province) an assistant ambassador. He was placed in this state and was not allowed to sign books or official documents. Empress Dowager Zhe Li Zong came to the DPRK and was reinstated as Langfengzhi Dengzhou (now Penglai, Shandong Province); Four months later, he was transferred to the doctor of does; Before the term of office expires, in addition to living in the government, I moved to Zhongshu, moved to Hanlin Bachelor, and knew the imperial edict and the Ministry of Rites. Yuan You went out to know Hangzhou in four years (1089), and later changed to know Yingzhou, Yangzhou and Dingzhou. In the eighth year of Yuan You (1093), Zhe ruled the country and was successively demoted to Huizhou (now Huiyang, Guangdong) and Danzhou (now Danxian, Hainan). Hui Zong acceded to the throne and returned to the north for forgiveness. Yuan (1 10 1) died in Changzhou (now Jiangsu) at the age of 66 and was buried in Tancheng County (now jia county, Henan). He, his father Su Xun (1009 ~ 1066) and his brother Su Zhe (1039 ~12) are all famous for their literature, and they are also called "Three Sus". It is the same as "Cao San and his son" (Cao Cao, Cao Pi, Cao Zhi) at the end of Han Dynasty. "。 " "Three Sus" are three of the eight great writers in Tang and Song Dynasties, and they are the collective names of eight representative prose writers in Tang and Song Dynasties, namely Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan in Tang Dynasty, Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe (Su Xun is Su Shi's father and Su Shi is Su Zhe's brother), Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong in Song Dynasty. (divided into two Tang families and six Song families). As an outstanding poet, he created a bold style of ci, and was called "Su Xin" with the outstanding poet Xin Qiji. Su Shi's works include Seven Episodes of Dongpo and Dongpo Yuefu. Politically, it belongs to the old party with Sima Guang as its leader. He has great attainments in calligraphy, and is called "Song Sijia" with Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang.
Review on Imperial Army Recovering the Banks of the Yellow River;
The Anshi Rebellion brought great disasters to the country and people, and Du Fu had long hoped that the Anshi Rebellion could be settled as soon as possible.
When the day finally came, he was so excited that he cried with joy. The first four sentences are from "sudden biography" to "early biography"
Smell ",then" look "and" roll ",several continuous actions vividly describe the author's surprise mood. After ...
Try to describe the excitement of "ecstasy" through imagination: he not only wants to sing and drink, but also hates it
I want to return to my hometown immediately in a beautiful spring, which can be seen from the four place names he listed in one breath.
Has flown away along this route!
Bamboo Stone explains:
Bamboo sticks firmly to the green hills and is deeply rooted in the broken rocks. After all the hardships, it is still so tough and straight; No matter which direction the wind is, it can't be blown down and it won't give in.
"Song of Lime" explains:
Stones mined from deep mountains, after hammering and chiseling, are common to fire. As long as you can leave your innocence in the world, you will not be afraid even if it is broken. The whole poem shows the poet's noble sentiment of being an incorruptible person without fear of danger, sacrifice, collusion and evil forces on the road of life.
"Walking on the Mountain Road" explains:
The stone road winds to the depths of the cliff, and there are some families where the white clouds rise. I stopped just because I like the maple forest in the evening. Maple leaves in first frost are more popular than flowers in February.
"Huanxisha" explained:
Go to Qingquan Temple, Qishui County. The temple is next to Lanxi, and the stream flows west.
At the foot of the mountain, the buds of bluegrass are immersed in the stream, and the path in the pine forest is clear and muddy. In the drizzle in the evening, cuckoos burst into song. Who says you can't be young when you are old? The running water in front of the door can still flow west! Don't worry about sighing white hair, but worry about the passage of time.
I was the first. I worked hard to find it bit by bit! No one else can copy it!