More knowledge about popular proverbs and customs? ? The custom of Mid-Autumn Festival in the North? Slang for eating zongzi in Mid-Autumn Festival? Describe the proverbs among people who have afternoon customs? There are various proverbs and customs about the Dragon Boat Festival. Dragon Boat Festival is the most important traditional festival in summer in China. Ancient times? Afternoon? With what? Five? Homophonic, so the Dragon Boat Festival is also called Dragon Boat Festival, Chongwu or Chongwu. On may 5, the ancients used the custom of taking a bath with bluegrass soup, so it was also called? Bathing orchid festival? . Taoism also calls this day? Dila Festival? . What is this noon in Tang and Song Dynasties? Afternoon sacrifice? So it is also called Duanyang and Noon Festival. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Beijingers still called it? May Festival? Or? Daughter's Day? .
When did the Dragon Boat Festival originate? There have been many different opinions for a long time, and there are still arguments. At present, there are four main views on the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival. First, a long-standing traditional view holds that the Dragon Boat Festival originated in memory of Qu Yuan, according to Wu Jun, Southern Dynasties people and Zong Ao's Chronicle of Jingchu. Secondly, Mr. Wen Yiduo thinks that the Dragon Boat Festival is a festival for Wu Yue people to hold dragon totem worship activities. He demonstrated his views in detail in the two papers "Dragon Boat Festival Examination" and "Dragon Boat Festival History Education" (see the complete works of Wen Yiduo). The third argument is that the Dragon Boat Festival originated on an unlucky day (see Zhang's Dragon Boat Festival is not caused by Qu Yuan). Fourth, it is said that the Dragon Boat Festival originated from the solstice in summer (see Liu Deqian's? Dragon Boat Festival? The origin is said again "). Judging from the formation process of China's holiday customs, all the above viewpoints have some truth. However, the Dragon Boat Festival, as a traditional festival with rich customs, can't just look at one side and generalize when tracing the origin of its customs. In ancient China? Thousands of miles of different winds, hundreds of miles of different customs? Said. In the era of underdeveloped transportation, people's lives are relatively confined to a narrow world, and customs will vary from time to time. With the development of society and frequent economic and cultural exchanges, local customs have formed some specific holiday customs with national universality on the basis of mutual absorption and integration. Therefore, the study of the origin of Dragon Boat Festival should integrate many factors.
The formation of the Dragon Boat Festival custom can be said to be the product of the integration of North and South customs, which has injected new content with the development of history. The custom of dragon boat racing originated in the south, and May 5th is regarded as? Bad months and bad days? It originated in the north, injected with the seasonal fashion in summer, and was finally formed by a side event to commemorate the death of Qu Yuan.
Historical Evolution of Dragon Boat Festival in Pre-Qin Period
In the pre-Qin period, the customs of the north and the south were different, but May 5th was regarded as? Festival? Each has its own emphasis.
During the warring States period, people regarded may 5 as? Bad months and bad days? . "Dai Li" cloud:? Store orchids for bathing on May 5th. ?
Qin dynasty
After the Qin Dynasty, due to the unification of the country and the economic and cultural exchanges between the North and the South, customs and habits also merged together, and the Dragon Boat Festival was formed on the basis of the integration of customs between the North and the South. However, from the current literature, the custom of Dragon Boat Festival in Han Dynasty is mainly to ward off evil spirits.
Wei, Jin, southern and northern dynasties
During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, wars were frequent, so what was the most important custom of the Dragon Boat Festival? Fighting for soldiers? Yes It is dyed and trained with five-color silk, and embroidered with embroidery and gold thread, which is called "ice ice". After the Han Dynasty, it was named after "longevity thread" or "longevity thread".
Sui and Tang Dynasties
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Dragon Boat Festival inherited the previous generation in customs and forms. However, in nature, most of the festivals and custom activities with specific significance in the past have evolved into holiday entertainment activities. ? Bad day? It is no longer evil, but full of festive joy. In Tang Xuanzong's "Dragon Boat Festival Three Halls Banquet", it was recorded that the palace held a grand ceremony at noon and invited elegant officials to hold a grand banquet. The hall is quiet, the trees are deep and the wind is strong .
The folk activities of the Dragon Boat Festival in the Tang Dynasty are similar to those of the previous generation. Like Youyang Za, it is recorded like this:? Northern women enter the five-hour chart, and the fifth day is five hours, which is put on the account. It's the day when the long life wisp turns into a knot, which is all brought by the portrait. ? Longevity wisp, but the production is different, and it is more decorative to form a human form with silk wisp. The five-hour map is the predecessor of the five poisonous snakes, bats, toads and lizards, and this custom has always influenced the Ming and Qing dynasties. The flowers in the afternoon are pomegranate flowers, and May is the time when pomegranate flowers are in full bloom. In the Tang Dynasty, corn jiaozi was also renovated. "Wenchang Zalu" records: On the fifth day of the Tang Dynasty, there were 100 zongzi and nine zongzi. ? Is it in Tang Xuanzong's poem "Three Great Hall Banquets during the Dragon Boat Festival"? The acupoints are full of aura, the filaments are fascinating, the four seasons are ingenious, and nine jiaozi innovations are made. ? ,? Baisuo zongzi? It was also food given to his officials by the emperor of the Tang Dynasty.
The dragon boat race in the Tang Dynasty is especially worth a visit. During the heyday of the Tang Dynasty, the economy was prosperous and people's lives were relatively stable. In terms of festivals and entertainment, on the one hand, there is an upward trend, on the other hand, some folk customs and activities have also been supported by the government. So the wind of racing is particularly strong.
Song dynasty
After the Song Dynasty, many customs of the Dragon Boat Festival have changed. During the Han and Wei Dynasties, Zhu Suo and Tao Yin were applied to portals to ward off evil spirits, while in the Song Dynasty, Shi Tian symbols were attached. Chen's Guang Ji at the Age of Years quoted Miscellaneous Notes at the Age of Years. On the Dragon Boat Festival, people will paint statues of Shi Tian for sale. ? There is also a clay sculpture of Zhang Tianshi, with Ai as the head and garlic as the fist, which is placed on the portal.
In the Song Dynasty, the customs of the Dragon Boat Festival of the Han nationality were also absorbed by Liao and Jin countries. Like Liao history? Records of the Book of Rites records the noon ceremony of the Liao Dynasty, and the emperor got up and sat down only when he put on the colorful wisp of long live. We should also give life to the ministers of the Northern and Southern Dynasties. In addition to absorbing some Han customs, the Jin State also has ceremonies to worship heaven, the custom of shooting willows and entertainment activities such as high-five and bow during the Dragon Boat Festival. "Golden history? Chronicle of Sejong records: Dading three years (AD 1264), Jin Shizong? Fortunately, Guangyuan shoots willows, and the winner gives something severe. Naturally, he will return to Changwu Palace to give a banquet and bow. ? "Golden history? Li Zhi described this custom in detail. In the golden custom, a ceremony to worship heaven was held on July 15th and 9th, and a platform was built to worship heaven. After five sacrifices to heaven, the shooters should be in the order of generations. Shoot the willow before playing polo.
Ming and Qing dynasties
The Dragon Boat Festival in Ming Dynasty absorbed the custom of shooting willows by Jin people. During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, there was a willow-cutting play in the Forbidden Palace, and he was shot while cutting willow. Northerners also hide ostriches in gourds, hang them on willow branches, and shoot them with bows. If you hit a gourd, the goose will fly out and decide the outcome. This kind of folk competition is often held on the fifth day of the Dragon Boat Festival, which originated from the legacy of Liao and Jin Dynasties.
In the Ming dynasty, the Dragon Boat Festival was also called? Daughter's Day? . "A Brief Introduction to the Scenery of the Imperial Capital" says: From May 1 5, Yan decorated her little girl with pomegranate flowers and said? Daughter's Day? . ? Not only are the names of festivals different from those of the Song Dynasty, but also the folk customs have changed. Many summer health care activities from the people are also mixed in this festival custom. For example, before noon on May 5, people will flock to the Temple of Heaven to avoid drugs and come out after noon. On the Dragon Boat Festival, we also pay attention to catching frogs and eating toads. The method is to break toad eyebrows with acupuncture and squeeze out toad juice. Toad is a precious traditional Chinese medicine, which can detoxify, reduce fever and reduce swelling, and has a miraculous effect on treating furuncle and malignant gangrene. Drinking calamus soaked in wine to ward off evil spirits, and wormwood leaves stuck in the door, are the legacy of the previous generation. A new custom in Ming Dynasty is to paint realgar on ears and nose, which is thought to avoid insect poisoning.
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the forms of the custom activities of the Dragon Boat Festival changed little, but the scale became more and more popular. Especially the dragon boat race in the south has become a sensational event. According to Wuling Dragon Boat Race, dragon boat race is not limited to one day of Dragon Boat Festival. But? Sail on April 8th, launch on May 1 Nisshin, race on May 5th, 10, 15, and deliver the bid on May 8th? . What else is there? /kloc-may 0/8 17, boat, 27th, 28th, bidder? . The scale of the game lasted for several months. About this? Or the government bans first and then runs, and the people's feelings first drum up and then stop. ?
The custom of sticking astronomical phenomena on the Dragon Boat Festival began in the Song Dynasty and became more popular in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Not only the Shi Tian symbol, but also? Five thunder symbols? 、? Paper symbols? 、? Five poison symbols? 、? Five Swiss? Wait a minute.
On the Dragon Boat Festival in the Qing Dynasty, I tried my best to dress my little daughter beautifully, and my married daughter could go home to visit her relatives. What is this called? Daughter's Day? .
Modern Times
On May 20th, XX, the Dragon Boat Festival folklore was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.
On February 7th, XX, the 1 98th executive meeting in the State Council adopted the Decision of the State Council on Amending the National Festival and Memorial Day, which officially listed the Dragon Boat Festival as a national legal holiday and stipulated that the Dragon Boat Festival would be closed1day.
On September 30th, XX, at the fourth meeting of the Intergovernmental Committee for the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage of UNESCO, held in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, 76 projects listed in the Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity were reviewed and approved. China? Dragon Boat Festival? One of them is. This is the first festival in China that has been selected as a world intangible cultural heritage.
Celebrating the Dragon Boat Festival is a tradition of China people for more than 2,000 years. Due to the vast territory, numerous nationalities and numerous stories and legends, not only many different festival names are produced, but also different customs exist in different places. Its contents mainly include: daughter going back to her mother's house, hanging Zhong Kui statue, welcoming the ghost boat, hiding in the afternoon, sticking leaves in the afternoon, hanging calamus and wormwood, traveling in all diseases, wearing sachets, preparing sacrificial bowls, dragon boat races, competitions, hitting the ball, swinging, drawing children with realgar, drinking realgar wine, drinking calamus wine, eating poisonous cakes, salted eggs, zongzi and seasonal fresh fruits.
The custom of collecting herbs on Dragon Boat Festival
This is one of the oldest customs of the Dragon Boat Festival. "Xia Zhengxiao" contains: Store medicine today to get rid of poisonous gas. ? When I was young, I was widely remembered. Volume 22? Collecting miscellaneous drugs? Quoting Jing Chu Sui Ji is lost:? On may 5, competing for miscellaneous drugs can cure all diseases. ? After Wei, Qi Yao Minshu? There is a record of catching toads in May in Miscellaneous Notes, which is also used in medicine. Later, many areas have the custom of catching toads on the Dragon Boat Festival. For example, in Jiangsu, toads are harvested at noon and their foam is punctured to make traditional Chinese medicine toad venom. People in Hangzhou also give their children toads, saying that summer can reduce fire and prevent sores. On the 5th, Mo Ding was put into the toad's mouth, hung and dried, and became a toad ingot, which could be dissipated by applying it to the abscess. This custom of catching toad medicine originated in the Han Dynasty? Toad soldier? That legend. Another example is Jianli in Hubei during the Dragon Boat Festival? Pick a hundred herbs? This is also the custom of collecting herbs. Herb picking is because the stems and leaves of herbs are mature and have good medicinal properties around the Dragon Boat Festival, and this custom was formed on this day. [9]
Dragon Boat Festival custom Mulan decoction
Taking a bath with orchid soup at noon is an ancient custom recorded in Da Dai Li. But the orchid in this paper is not an orchid, but a compositae plant, Eupatorium odoratum, which has a fragrant smell and can be cooked and bathed. "Nine songs? There are gentlemen in the clouds? Will magnolia soup be fragrant? Sentence. The chronicle of Jingchu's time: May 5th is called Yulan Festival. ? "Five Miscellanies" remember the Ming people because of what? Did you have blue soup? Did you take a bath with colored grass at noon? . Later, herbs such as cattail and wormwood were usually fried for bathing. In Guangdong, use wormwood, cattail, impatiens, magnolia and other flowers and plants; In Hunan, Guangxi and other places, cypress leaves, anemone roots, wormwood, cattail and peach leaves are used for bathing. Regardless of men, women and children, the whole family washes. This custom still exists today. It is said that it can cure skin diseases and ward off evil spirits.
There is a custom of drinking Pu wine, realgar wine and cinnabar wine during the Dragon Boat Festival.
Drink Pu wine, realgar cinnabar wine and spray wine. The chronicle of Jingchu's time: Acorus calamus (a perennial herb, born by the water, has reddish roots underground and leaves shaped like swords and spikes. Rhizomes can be used as spices or medicines) or carved or broken to cool wine. ? Pu wine is fragrant and refreshing. Later, realgar and vermilion were added to the wine. Five mixed drunkenness in Zhao Zhe, Xie Ming:? Drink calamus wine and drink it with realgar. ? Feng Ming Yingjing's Outline of the Moon Order: On the fifth day, use cinnabar wine to ward off evil spirits and detoxify, and use wine to dye forehead, chest, hands and feet, so there is no danger of poisonous snakes (a kind of poisonous snake mentioned in ancient books). Sprinkle water on walls, doors and windows to avoid poisonous insects. ? This custom is widely circulated. Up to now, in Binyang, Guangxi, there are packages of medicinal materials for sale during the Dragon Boat Festival, including realgar, Zhu Lei, Platycladus orientalis, peach kernel, Folium Typhae and Folium Artemisiae Argyi. People soak in wine, and then dip it in corners, doors and windows, under beds and so on. Then put wine on the child's ears, nose and navel to drive away poisonous insects and ensure the safety of the child. Do children in other areas have realgar powder on their foreheads? Wang? Words, let the child bear the imprint of the tiger, so as to use the tiger to ward off evil spirits. From a health point of view, these activities are still scientific and reasonable. Realgar mixed with water and wine can be disinfected indoors, and drinking general sprinkling is also quite beneficial.
It is a custom to pick tea for herbal tea during the Dragon Boat Festival.
In some areas in the north, people like to pick tender leaves and steam wild vegetable leaves to make tea during the Dragon Boat Festival. In Chaozhou, Guangdong, people go to the suburbs of Shan Ye to collect herbs and cook herbal tea. This is also good for health.
The custom of wearing damselflies on Dragon Boat Festival.
In the past, there were five kinds of women's headdresses. More common in Jiangnan. Some areas are also called healthy people. This thing originated from ancient walking and is a different form of Ai people. Jia Qinglu quotes from Tang and Song Dynasties:? The system of winning the first prize on the fifth day is extremely ingenious. All the mugwort leaves are pressed and sold, or embroidered with fairy, Buddha, harmony, martial arts, insects, fish, beasts, sweet flowers and other shapes. Crepe spider, Mei Fong forest, cocoon tiger velvet tuo, lawn lizard, mantis cicada scorpion, gourd melon, vivid colors. It is covered with treasures, embroidered with countless tassels and bells, or fighting mothers, and it is invincible. ?
The custom of Dragon Boat Festival hangs in Ai Hu.
In the past, the Dragon Boat Festival was used as an ornament to exorcise evil spirits. In ancient China, the tiger was regarded as a god beast, and it was thought that it could ward off evil spirits and keep peace. "Custom Pass" cloud:? A tiger is a penis, and a beast is also long. Can eat ghosts and eat evil? . Therefore, people often use tigers to ward off evil spirits, especially during the Dragon Boat Festival in Ai Hu. Ai Hu either cut it with mugwort leaves or cut it into a tiger's ribbon, glued it with mugwort leaves and put it on her hair. For more than 1000 years, the Dragon Boat Festival has been decorated with Ai Hu customs. Song and Chen Yuangui quoted Guang Ji at the age of:? On the Dragon Boat Festival, wormwood is shaped like a tiger, even as big as black beans, or cut into the shape of a tiger and put on with wormwood leaves. Wang's "Dragon Boat Festival Post" poem: hairpin on the head to ward off evil spirits. Is the Seven Treasures of Xiangyun opened by Xiao? . ? Fu Cha Deng Chong's "Yanjing Times" in Qing Dynasty: Every time the sun goes down, those clever people in the boudoir make tigers and zongzi out of silk, put them on with colored thread, hang them on the hair clasp's head or tie them on the children's backs. Is Chai's head light? , that is, this meaning is also. ?
Dragon Boat Festival genre painting amount
The custom of daubing children's foreheads with realgar during the Dragon Boat Festival. Clouds can drive away poisonous insects. The typical method is to draw realgar wine on the child's forehead? Wang? Word, one borrows realgar to drive poison, and the other borrows tiger (? Wang? Like the tiger's forehead, the tiger is the king of all animals, because it is used to suppress evil. Fu Cha Deng Chong's Yanjing Yearbook in Qing Dynasty:? From the first day of the first lunar month, take realgar and sprinkle wine on the collar and nose and ears of children to avoid poisoning. ? In addition to the forehead, nose and ears, other places can also be painted, with the same intention. Shanxi Hequ county annals:? Drinking realgar wine on Dragon Boat Festival and applying it on children's forehead, hands and feet can prolong their illness.
It is customary to wear the longevity line during the Dragon Boat Festival.
I hate wearing ornaments during the Dragon Boat Festival. Also known as life-sustaining line, life-sustaining line, life-prolonging line, longevity line, Baisuo line, Shao Bing line and multicolored line. , different names, basically the same shape and function. During the Dragon Boat Festival, it is made of five-color silk, or hung at the door, or worn around the child's neck, or tied on the child's arm, or hung on the bed curtain, cradle and other places. It is said that it can avoid disasters and get rid of diseases, bless well-being and prolong life. This festival has five shapes: simple five-color silk threads are combined into a rope and tied to the arm; Decorate Suk Kim ornaments on colorful ropes and hang them around your neck; Colorful ropes are folded into squares and decorated on the chest; Colorful knots are worn by portraits; Embroider the sun, moon, stars, black beasts and other things with colored silk thread to pay tribute to the elders. This custom began in the Han Dynasty. Ying Shao in the Eastern Han Dynasty "Pass? Lost article:? In the afternoon, tie your arms with colored silk to avoid ghosts and soldiers, which makes people not sick. One is a long-lived dragon, and the other is a soldier. . Later, they gradually got used to it, until it was near modern times. Fu Cha Dunchong's "Yanjing Years" in Qing Dynasty recorded the customs at that time:? Every time the sun goes down, those skilled in the boudoir are made into tigers, zongzi, gourds, cherries, mulberries and so on. Wear it with colored thread, hang it on the head of a hairpin or tie it on the back of a child. ? Among them, in the Tang and Song Dynasties, the imperial court gave ministers things like saving things. In the first year of Xingyuan in Tang Daizong, the court gave one hundred rope axes. Song history again? Ceremony 15:? The day before, I extended my life with gold thread and colored thread, and gave them to officials. Wear it on holidays. ?
It is a custom to wear sachets on Dragon Boat Festival.
Wear sachets, also known as sachets, sachets, wallets, etc. Is made of five-color silk thread or rags, and is filled with spices (made from Chinese herbal medicines such as Radix Angelicae Dahuricae, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, Scutellariae Radix, Rhizoma Sparganii, Rhizoma Kaempferiae, Gan Song and Rhizoma Kaempferiae). Wear it on your chest. It smells good. Chen Shiliang's Guang Ji at the age of quoted Miscellaneous Notes at the age of mentioned a kind of? Dragon Boat Festival consists of red and white, such as a bag with colored lines running through it and twisted into the shape of flowers. ? What about the other one? Pink bells? :? On the fifth day, mussel powder was placed in silk and decorated with cotton, if you count the beads. Let the child take it to absorb sweat? . The things in these carry-on bags have changed several times, from sweat-absorbing mussel powder, amulets to ward off evil spirits, copper coins and realgar powder to sachets filled with spices, and their production has become increasingly exquisite, becoming a unique folk art of the Dragon Boat Festival.
Wearing sachets is very particular. In order to prevent diseases and keep fit, the elderly generally like to wear plum blossoms, chrysanthemums, peaches, apples, lotus flowers, dolls riding fish, dolls holding cocks, double lotus flowers and other shapes, symbolizing birds and flowers, all the best, loving each other and family harmony. Children like birds and animals, such as tigers and leopards; Monkeys on telephone poles, cockfighting to catch rabbits, etc. Young people are most particular about wearing sachets. If they are lovers in love, affectionate girls will carefully make one or two sachets with their own characteristics a long time ago and give them to their lovers before the festival. The young man wore a sachet from his sweetheart, which naturally aroused the discussion of men and women around him and praised the ingenuity of the young man's object.
The custom of Dragon Boat Festival avoids five poisons.
Dragon Boat Festival is a poisonous day and an evil day in the eyes of the ancients. This idea has been handed down in folk beliefs, so there are various customs of seeking peace and solving disasters. In fact, this is because the summer weather is hot and dry, people are easy to get sick, and the plague is easy to spread; In addition, snakes and insects bite easily, so be very careful, which forms this habit.
It is customary to hang herbs on the Dragon Boat Festival.
What are the names of Ai, Acorus calamus and garlic? Three friends of the Dragon Boat Festival? . In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Dragon Boat Festival was also called? Mulan Festival? The custom of picking moxa in Jingchu area. To pick wormwood, you should start before the cock crows. Choose the most humanoid wormwood and take it back and hang it on the door. Some even tie wormwood into the shape of a tiger, and then stick wormwood leaves on it. Folium Artemisiae Argyi and Rhizoma Acori Graminei contain aromatic oil, which has the same bactericidal effect as garlic. During the Dragon Boat Festival, the summer solstice is approaching, which is the time when cold and heat alternate. Attention should be paid to everything from diet to dressing and action. There is a proverb in Baoshan county:? Don't eat the Dragon Boat Festival Zongzi, and you can't send cold clothes; After eating the Dragon Boat Festival Zongzi, freeze it three times. ? Ancient people lacked scientific concepts and mistakenly thought that all diseases were caused by ghosts and evil spirits. Therefore, during the Dragon Boat Festival, people use calamus as a sword, wormwood as a whip and garlic as a hammer. Three weapons? It is believed that snakes, insects, germs and demons can be repelled.
There are also places where wormwood, calamus (Pujian) or pomegranate and garlic are hung at the door during the Dragon Boat Festival. Usually mugwort leaves, banyan trees and calamus are tied into a bundle with red paper and then inserted or hung on the door. Because Acorus calamus is the first of the five auspicious symbols in the sky, symbolizing driving away the ominous sword, because the growing season and appearance are regarded as feelings? A hundred yin qi? The blade is sword-shaped and inserted at the door to ward off evil spirits. Alchemists call it. Water sword? Later, the custom extended to? Pu Jian? , can cut all evil. In Qing Dynasty, Gu Tieqing recorded a passage in Jia Qinglu. Cutting cattails into swords, cutting crowns into whips, and hanging peaches and garlic under the covers are all ghosts? . And in the local chronicles of the Jin Dynasty? Take ai as a tiger, or cut the ribbon as a tiger, stick it on it, and the wife will fight to cut it. In the future, there will be more calamus, or human form, or Xiao Jian shape, named Pu Jian, to exorcise evil spirits and ghosts? .