First, the keyword scale

Keywords are words or phrases that reflect the theme of the paper, usually arranged under the abstract, and the font size is different from the text. Generally, each article can choose 3~8 keywords, and multiple keywords are separated by semicolons, which are arranged from big to small according to the extension (conceptual scope) level of the entry.

Keywords are generally noun words or phrases, and in some cases there are verb words or phrases. English keywords corresponding to Chinese keywords should be marked. Arrange. Chinese comes first, foreign language comes last. Chinese keywords are marked with "keywords:" or "[keywords]"; English keywords are marked with "keywords:".

Key words should be selected from the National Standard Chinese Thesaurus as far as possible; The first items and names of new disciplines and new skills that are not included in the glossary can also be used as keywords. Key words should be general skill items that can cover the main content of the paper.

Second, the way to choose keywords

The general way to choose keywords is: after the author finishes writing the paper, he chooses from its title, hierarchical title and text (words with high frequency and key contrast).

Third, abstract norms

It is a brief description of the content of the paper, without comments, and requires a brief description of the purpose, method and final conclusion of the research work, with the focus on the conclusion. It is an independent and complete essay, which can be quoted and popularized.

IV. Matters needing attention in writing abstract

1, don't simply repeat the existing information in the title, don't write the contents of the introduction into the abstract, don't copy the subtitle (table of contents) in the text of the paper or the text of the conclusion part of the paper, and don't interpret the content of the paper.

2. Try to use written narration, and don't list the data in the paper in the abstract; The words should be concise, exclude the content that has become common sense in this subject field, and delete meaningless or unnecessary words; The content shall not be demonstrated, not exemplified, and the research process shall not be introduced;

3. The content of the abstract must be complete, and the main contents (or opinions) elaborated in the paper cannot be omitted, and it should be written into a short article that can be applied independently.

4. Abstracts are generally not segmented, and linking is prohibited. Narration should be objective, and it is not suitable for subjective evaluation of the process, methods and results of the research, nor for comparison with other people's research.

5. Precautions for writing English abstracts: The above precautions for writing Chinese abstracts are all applicable to English abstracts, but English has its own expressions and language habits, so special attention should be paid when writing English abstracts.