Abstract: Rice is the main grain crop in China, and its cultivation is an important factor related to high grain yield. The quality of rice cultivation techniques has a great influence on rice quality. If the cultivation techniques of rice are poor, the quality of rice will also be seriously reduced. The cultivation techniques and measures of rice were studied, and the effects of cultivation techniques and measures on rice quality were deeply analyzed, hoping to optimize people's quality of life by improving rice quality.
Key words: rice cultivation; Technical measures; Rice quality; affect
With people's attention to their own health, the quality of staple food is increasingly demanding, and the quality of rice has a serious impact on people's health. The improvement of rice quality depends on the improvement of agricultural production technology. In order to effectively improve rice quality, it is necessary to establish an environmental protection and ecological balance system and adopt comprehensive cultivation techniques to fundamentally improve rice quality.
Factors affecting 1 rice quality in rice cultivation
1. 1 fertilizer
The quality performance of rice is the result of the interaction between rice genes and natural environmental factors. The quality performance of rice is closely related not only to the characteristics of its own genes, but also to other external technologies, that is, artificial rice cultivation techniques. In the process of rice cultivation, the head rice rate and protein of rice itself are easily influenced by external technical structure. For example, taking nitrogen fertilizer as an example, it was found that with the increase of nitrogen application rate, the contents of both in rice increased, while the chalky grain rate and chalkiness degree were different in different rice varieties, and the amylose content in rice was not sensitive to nitrogen content. The contents of amino acids and protein in rice increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer [1].
1.2 planting density
Different rice planting densities have important effects on rice quality. If the planting density is relatively small in the actual planting process, the rice yield will be reduced. On the contrary, in order to increase grain yield, high-density planting in unit area is not effective. In the case of over-dense transplanting, the row spacing of rice plants is relatively small, and the head rice rate decreases, which greatly reduces the quality of rice [2].
1.3 pests and diseases
Diseases and insect pests do great harm to the quality of rice. The prevention and control of rice diseases and insect pests is another key to rice growth and quality. Rice is easily destroyed by different diseases and insect pests in different growth stages. Rice blast, false smut, sheath blight and Chilo suppressalis are the main pests that affect rice growth in northern rice cultivation, which are referred to as "three diseases and one insect" for short.
1.4 irrigation methods and irrigation water quality
Different irrigation methods and the quality of irrigation water also determine the quality of rice. First of all, if the water quality is dirty, the growth quality of rice will be poor and the nutrients will be low. In actual rice irrigation, different irrigation methods are aimed at different stages of rice. If the irrigation methods are not chosen properly, it will have a serious impact on the quality of rice.
2 technical measures to improve rice quality
2. 1 Rational fertilization
The improvement of rice quality needs to be analyzed from fertilization of rice. Among them, agricultural organic fertilizer can provide all the nutrients needed for rice growth, and the nutrients in organic matter are effectively absorbed through fertilizer decomposition and fermentation during fertilization. Reasonable fertilizer selection and regular fertilization time are the keys to improve rice quality. In the process of rice fertilization, the main fertilizer elements that can promote rice growth are nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and silicon. But these elements have different effects on rice quality. Among them, n is the most important factor. Reasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer can not only improve the appearance quality of rice, but also increase the nutritional components of rice and enhance its internal quality. Different nitrogen fertilizer contents have different effects on rice quality. For example, one-time application of nitrogen fertilizer can increase amylose content, but decrease protein content; Applying nitrogen fertilizer by stages can not only increase the protein content of rice, but also effectively reduce chalkiness [3].
2.2 Reasonable sparse planting
Before seedling raising, it is necessary to make the seedbed permeable, ensure that the seedlings have more soil and less root breakage, and adhere to the principle of transplanting with transportation. Rational sparse planting of rice is mainly realized by shallow transplanting, wide row and narrow plant. Under the condition of good seedling condition or early transplanting time, reasonable sparse planting can improve the head rice rate of rice, thus improving the quality of rice. However, when the growth quality of seedlings is poor and the transplanting time is late, close planting is needed.
2.3 Prevention and Control of Three Diseases and One Insect
Prevention and control of three diseases and one insect is the key to improve rice quality. In the actual planting process, we should first choose varieties with strong resistance to pests and diseases, scientifically choose pesticides, do a good job in forecasting pests and diseases, choose the best control period, reduce the frequency and dosage of drugs, and thus improve rice quality. Secondly, it is one of the important agricultural technical measures to choose a good planting environment, try to ensure that the environment is pollution-free and avoid pests and diseases from all aspects of transplanting and seedling raising. In the process of rice root growth, we can also observe whether rice has the ability to resist pests and diseases and observe the robustness of rice root growth. The well-developed rice root system and strong resistance to diseases and insect pests are the important basis for rice seed selection to improve rice growth quality [4].
2.4 Adopt scientific irrigation methods and pollution-free irrigation water sources.
Rice irrigation is an important link to promote rice growth and improve rice quality. Rice irrigation is mainly analyzed from the aspects of water quality and irrigation technology. Under the condition of clear and pollution-free water source irrigation, rice grains are full and the quality is excellent. It can be seen that the choice of irrigation water quality has great influence on the quality of rice. Secondly, the quality of irrigation technology is closely related to the quality of rice. Rice irrigation technology is divided into two levels. First, in the early stage of rice growth, establishing shallow root growth can effectively realize tillering and promote rice root development. Second, it is wet in the middle period, forming "full water and increasing oxygen" to improve the growth environment of rice roots. The water consumption for high-quality rice production is about 600 ~ 700 m3, and the water supply is stopped half a month before rice harvest. If there is too much water, it will have a serious impact on rice quality, and even reduce the processing quality.
refer to
Wang Qiuju. Effects of soil fertility and accumulated temperature on rice yield and quality in Heilongjiang province. Shenyang Agricultural University, 20 12.
[2] Jinna. Study on physiology and cultivation regulation of super rice yield formation. Yangzhou university, 20 12
Li Jing. Effects of ecological conditions and planting density on population characteristics, yield and quality of rice. Sichuan Agricultural University, 20 13.
[4] Xue Yaguang. Study on physiological basis and cultivation techniques of high yield and efficient utilization of nutrients in rice. Yangzhou university, 20 13
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