What is Sima Qian? Emperors of past dynasties held talented people and beautiful women in their hands, weighed themselves, talked about money, kept their word and closed their coffins. Is also a first-class person! It's about Reese and this eternal stage. At first, as soon as Jimo swept away the dust, Reese entered another book and became a mouse. In The Corridor of History, he described the images of a thief and a mouse. When Sima Qian wrote characters, he often wrote one or two small things at the beginning, which seemed to be only fragments of characters, but were often used to describe characters and predict future destiny. Quoting the beginning of Li Si Biography is a typical example.
When writing Han Fei, I mentioned the pre-Qin philosophers and wrote Han Fei. It's over. The era of philosophers has passed, but politicians are excited. When I say "excited politician", I mean Reese. He is not only an old classmate of Han Fei, but also a jealous and murderer of Han Fei. In the pre-Qin period, only Shang Yang and Li Si studied, which was not commensurate with Zi on the whole. It seems that this is not only because they are bureaucrats, but also because Yan Ying, a neat short-legged guy, is not called "Yan Zi"? Even Qin and Zhang Yi occasionally call them Sue. "Zi" is your respectful name. You must have advantages and disadvantages in moral study. This is about the moral stain of Shang Yang and Li Si in the eyes of people at that time and later generations.
Reese created a great event, but he will never grow up. It seems that he will always be a small official of Shangcai, and he will never get rid of the mentality and character of the villain. No matter how stingy you are, you will never lose that little crumb, and you will be swayed by considerations of gain and loss He is not as persistent as Shang Yang or even as open as Wang Anshi. Yes, he has been controlled by the word "small" under his fur robe all his life. He is clever, but his mind is limited, and his virtue trumps his talent. When I say "virtue" here, it not only refers to the "virtue" of "moral ethics", but also refers to a person's personality characteristics, that is, when a person faces the world, he is arrogant and self-confident, super-sudden, that is, he grasps himself, is not controlled by the world, and maintains a normal reason in the face of temptation or pressure, and is not overwhelmed or misled by it. At this point, Reese is obviously fragile. His teacher Xunzi knows his shortcomings. Therefore, when the news that Li Si was appointed as the Prime Minister of Qin reached the ears of his old man's house, the sophisticated scholar and the old local official were not happy, but too sad to eat. He foresaw that students who could not grasp themselves would encounter unexpected misfortune.
Reese's life is always awkward. He always seems to be frowning and worried. He is a typical clever man. I think, as far as life is concerned, the highest state is to treat others with a pure heart and transcend self-interest and altruism; The second is to live in a normal and rational way and give up all life commandments and moral dogmas of spending money; Once again, like everyone else, they treat others with their own emotions. They don't want to live a noble life, they just want to live a real life, they don't want to be justified, they just want to live comfortably. The worst and most dangerous way of life is to use your wisdom to deal with countless stages and endless changes in the world. Human intelligence is limited, but the danger of the world is dark and infinite. Chase infinity, chase infinity, and die! -deal with infinite and limited dangers! This is Zhuangzi's warning.
Having said that, I want to say that Reese is a typical opportunist. All people who live in wisdom are opportunists. But Li Si still has a height that others can't match: he is a mouse, but he doesn't seem to be nearsighted. He is one of the few far-sighted politicians in the history of China. He experienced public office twice, resisted the pressure, opposed the enfeoffment system and advocated setting up a county. For the first time, he resisted the pressure of his boss and prime minister Wang Wan. Reese is just a Tingwei. If we study history carefully, we will find that it was handed down from three generations, or even earlier, the Yellow Emperor killed Chiyou, and the Yanhuang War was a clan tribal war. The Zhou Dynasty established a country and became a vassal of the world. Among the feudal princes, 7 1 countries were established, all of which had 53 people living alone, covering the whole world with a way out, thus eliminating the hidden danger of clan war in one fell swoop. This is the great achievement of Duke Zhou. The demise of the Zhou Dynasty was due to the annexation of princes. Qin Li eliminated the danger of local officials challenging the central government in one fell swoop. From then on, in the Qin dynasty, it was "rape without rape"; In the Han dynasty, it was "rebellion without rebellion"; By the Tang Dynasty, the threat of local interest groups to the central government was completely solved. Li Si has made great achievements, but Li Si has far-reaching opinions! No wonder Sima Qian wants to compare his achievements with Zhou Gongdan!
In fact, it is completely moral to accuse Reese of being an opportunist. If Reese is not good at finding and seizing opportunities, he will not succeed. When he learned "The Art of the Emperor" from Xunzi, he was doing "grinding a sword for ten years". His interest in learning itself is far less than Han Fei's: Han Fei perfected his theoretical system through speculation. Li Si listened to Xunzi's lecture, but he was absent-minded, much like Mencius said. "He thought the swan was coming." No, he thought he would have lofty aspirations and wings like swans. From time to time, the corner of his eye swept the library and peeked in that direction, hoping to show off. The sword in his box always makes a sound, so that he can raise his eyebrows and draw his sheath. In the Battle of the Seven Kingdoms, he also took a fancy to the state of Qin in the northwest. It was a jumping Sirius, and he was going to swallow the faint eggs of six countries east of Xiaoshan. They are still noisy and provocative. He simply despised his motherland, Chu: a country that forced Qu Yuan to die a natural death, what is there to miss? Mencius once said that if a doctor is killed for no reason, even doctors can defect to other countries. Besides, even Qu Yuan, who was born in a famous family, could do nothing. What hope does he have for the finance department? He told Xunzi that in this "autumn of lobbyists", if you don't seize the opportunity to earn wealth for yourself, it is abnormal human nature. Qin is undoubtedly the most promising and generous country. It accepts talents from all over the world. So he packed his bags, said goodbye to the teacher and walked all the way to the west. According to Xunzi's feelings for Qin in his later years, he will not stop, and even encourage his ambitious and talented disciples to go to Qin to realize their ideals and turn his painstaking theory into a political reality.
Obviously, Li Si is more free than Qu Yuan and Han Fei. Qu Yuan and Han Fei are both heavy burdens and heavy burdens. This is the country of their ancestors. After graduation, Reese can decide what to do according to his own judgment, assess the situation, and there is no resistance. Han Fei will also go back to South Korea, just like today's orientation test run. The problem is that South Korea doesn't need him, let alone his theory. This restricts the clever Chinese characters. Although the sky is vertical, someone tied it up! At this point, the authoritarian society controlled by individuals will always be "one-man conquest of paradise". After Han Fei returned to Korea, his situation was very similar to those poor college graduates who had no background, no back door and bad luck in the planned distribution era. He had to return to his heart and continue his theoretical research on paper. At this time, Reese's career and personal future in Qin has been bright. Poor Han Fei can only become Hegel, while Li Si becomes robespierre. If German Hegel came to France and replaced robespierre, robespierre would kill Hegel.
When Li arrived in the state of Qin, he first took refuge in the people who mastered the state power of Qin, gained his trust and was appointed as an official. In this way, he had the opportunity to lobby the king of Qin. Li Si is not a fish in the pool. His real purpose is to use the army, wealth, power, land and manpower of the king of Qin to realize his great ambition. When talking with the young king of Qin, he once again mentioned the "opportunity" of opportunity. He said with great excitement that this is "one of the times" to "destroy rulers, become emperors and unify the world". Moreover, this "time" is very short: even if the Yellow Emperor is reborn, he will not be able to control the whole country when the Shandong Governor is resurrected and given reasons. God bless Baoqin! When a talented businessman lost his enterprising spirit on his deathbed, he brought Lisu people who were proficient in "bending" and injected fresh blood into Qin's body! And this blood, how active, turbulent, full of toxins and aggression!
However, the arrival of Reese ended Qin's opportunity to improve his image. In his later years, he wrote Lu's Xun Zi Jun Dao, which was hung abroad. I thought it was him who wanted to introduce hundreds of ideas to the Qin people and fill their brains like white paper. Yes, Qin was regarded as a "land of tigers and wolves", and it seldom trusted other countries at that time. All along, it only has strategies, tactics and means of attack and defense, but it has no theory, value orientation and value persistence. And strategy is the life of Qin. Lin Xiangru once summed up the disgraceful diplomatic history of Qin: "Since Mu Gong, there have been more than 20 monarchs in Qin, and there have never been any strong and clear constraints." Why can't we "establish clear constraints"? This is because there is no value constraint and no humanistic orientation. Poor and respectable Lv Buwei, he must have foreseen that his political life would end with the gradual growth of the evil seeds that he is said to have created. So before being completely eliminated, he wanted to do another great thing, that is, to find a unified ruling theory for Qin and this new dynasty. He also selected hundreds of songs from Lu's Biography of Historical Records and Lian Po and Lin Xiangru. Although he can't say that he has finished the conception of the new theory, he is obviously trying to change the cruel unwritten image of Qin people. What is terrible is that the image of this country is so dramatic in Ying Zheng, the king of Qin. His nose is like a wasp, his chest is like a bird, his voice is like a jackal, and his eyes are slender and chilling. This is simply a symbol of Qin's national image. This image directly scared Liang's eyes. Qin needs to educate himself too much! It is so necessary to change the image of the past! As a marginal country, you can use your rogue face, but don't you need disguised civilization and etiquette to get to the political center? But with the arrival of Reese, Lv Buwei's efforts were in vain. After the Qin Dynasty, although China was unified by force, he was still a rogue. This is completely incompetent for the new role: in Spring and Autumn Annals, we can fully appreciate the rogue nature passed down from generation to generation by blood relatives and the ugliness after taking power. Ban Gu unceremoniously called II "the voice of the head and animals". Yes, a monster whose body and bones are like people, but whose soul is still in the animal stage. His ancestors were unwilling to evolve in this respect. In the era of cold weapons, in the conflict between civilization and barbarism, barbarism always has great advantages.
Reese brought an immediate strategy. These include bribery and assassination of people from six countries. He is an advocate of state terrorism. I think Reese didn't inherit the teacher's ideas, but learned the classmates' theories. Rather than pushing his classmate's theory in Qin, he just took something from Han Feizi and used local materials to find footnotes for his behavior. We can find that, compared with the pre-Qin philosophers, this paper has no humanistic background and moral basis except copying his teacher Xunzi's "You are extraordinary, so you can know your virtue". This is just a very clever strategy to destroy the six countries! Most of the pre-Qin philosophers only preached and taught to solve doubts, disdaining or ashamed to talk about power. Legalists such as Shang Yang and Li Si are just the opposite: give up the right to use Tao! Only politics, no morality! Without the restriction of Tao, how terrible will politics become?
When I was talking about Sima Qian's Hu Hai II in college class, I told my classmates that Xiang Yu had love and hate, but there was no strategy. Liu bang only has strategy, not love and hate. So, a lovely regret, a hateful fear. So, what about Reese? He only has strategy, not principle! Even the most basic humanitarian principles adhered to by some pre-Qin philosophers do not exist! He learned nothing from Xunzi! Such a great teacher and such an excellent classmate are all wastes for him. He is just a utilitarian machine that pursues fame and fortune. No wonder he is always so small!