Method of feeding dairy cows
1. Select a cow. Breeding cattle, as breeding cattle, should choose cattle with good growth and development, strong physique, large symmetrical body, straight back and waist, symmetrical width of hindquarters and pelvic cavity, wide and deep chest, large abdominal garden, straight limbs, wide hind limb spacing, large and round breasts and neat and thick nipples for breeding. Conditional, you can choose to improve the frozen semen of bulls and the first, second and third generations of hybrid cows produced by cold matching.
2. Raise cattle well. In the process of feeding, it is best to keep cows in proper exercise, adopt all-weather grazing to feed them, make them strong through exercise, and lay the foundation for cow reproduction. Second, we should pay attention to the proper supplement of concentrate, but not too much, so that cows can maintain a medium fat posture during breeding.
3. It is necessary to breed in time. When breeding, you must know the ovulation time of dairy cows; Cattle in estrus once? It lasts 12 ~ 22 hours, and the ovulation time is generally 10 ~ 15 hours after estrus. The second is to breed in time to improve the conception rate. So, when cows mate, like cows in the morning? In case of estrus in the afternoon, the first mating should be at about 2 1 that night, and the second mating should be at about 8: 00 the next morning. If it is estrus in the afternoon, 1 mating will be conducted at about 9: 00 am the next day, and 1 mating will be supplemented at about 2 1 the next night. Thirdly, the artificial insemination technology should be adopted as far as possible, and the economic benefit of cattle crossbreeding improvement can be effectively improved and infection-related diseases can be prevented through the application of improved bull frozen semen.
4. Check pregnancy in time. After the cows are bred, it is necessary to check whether the cows are pregnant. First, it can pass the visual inspection: after mating, the cow has no estrus symptoms, mild temperament, increased appetite, increased appetite and shiny fur, so pregnancy can be considered. Second, it can pass the rectal examination: there is no response when touching the uterus through the intestine, and the pregnant angle is slightly larger than the empty angle, so it can be determined that the cow is pregnant. The third method is to check the pregnancy by using drugs, that is, after 20 days of mating, the cows are injected with diethylstilbestrol injection. After injection, pregnant cows have no estrus performance, and pregnant cows have obvious estrus symptoms.
5. Be careful. In order to ensure the nutritional needs of pregnant cows and their fetuses, sufficient high-quality green feed should be supplied and appropriate concentrate should be supplemented after the cows are bred and pregnant.
6. Pay attention to protecting the fetus. After the cow is pregnant, it is necessary to do a good job in protecting the fetus. First, we should pay attention to proper exercise to provide a physical guarantee for the future delivery of dairy cows. But in the process of grazing and slavery, don't let the cows run away, don't whip them, it will scare them. Second, we should pay attention to gradually reduce the intensity of labor in the second trimester, do not do heavy labor, and stop labor 1 month before delivery. Third, we should pay attention to daily observation and deal with abnormal problems in time to prevent accidents.
7. Pay attention to midwifery. Before the cow is born, it is necessary to do a good job of observation and deal with the symptoms of labor in time. Second, we should make preparations for midwifery, and prepare washbasins, towels, disinfectants and lighting lamps. Third, timely midwifery, dairy cows have delivery symptoms, timely treatment, is normal delivery, is the fetus born? After that, it should be handled in time. If the delivery is abnormal, it should be corrected in time and artificial midwifery should be implemented to ensure the timely delivery of the fetus.
8. Prevention and control of epidemics. First, we should sweep the dung and urine in the cowshed and change the bedding frequently. After the cows go out to graze, open the doors and windows for ventilation and keep the barn clean, dry and ventilated. Second, the cowshed and its surroundings should be disinfected regularly, and drugs such as Xiaotongling can be used for disinfection. Third, do a good job in immunization of related diseases on a regular basis, that is, do a good job in immunization of foot-and-mouth disease, brucellosis and other diseases. Fourth, do a good job of deworming: cows should use deworming drugs to deworm internal and external parasites at postpartum 1 ~ 2 months and postnatal 1 ~ 2 months.
9. Use new technologies. Docking response? New technology to effectively improve the economic benefits of cattle breeding.
Selection, introduction and application of double calf technology: docking and application of related double calf technology achievements, demonstration and popularization and application to improve the reproductive efficiency of dairy cows.
Feeding and management methods of dairy cows
The management schedule and ration supply of adult cows must be strictly implemented in accordance with the scheme formulated by the farm department, and the breeder must never be allowed to change at will. The breeder has the responsibility to supervise the appearance quality and smell of the feed. If the feed causes the cows to eat less or feel uncomfortable after eating it, the breeder should report it immediately.
Dairy cows raised separately in fixed beds and tethered systems must adjust their nutrition programs in time according to their physical condition, fat status and milk yield at each lactation stage to adapt to the physiological changes of dairy cows and ensure high and stable yield of dairy cows. Dairy cows fed with total mixed diet, free grazing and free feeding can adjust the grouping at any time according to the above situation so as to enter different nutritional groups in time.
Great attention must be paid to the health care of cows' breasts, limbs and hooves, and cow beds and sports fields must have good comfort. Put an end to all facilities that are harmful to the breasts and limbs of dairy cows. Carry out 1-2 times a year for hoof cutting, hoof disease examination and medicinal bath, and brush and wipe cattle where conditions permit. Cow mastitis must be treated in time, and recessive mastitis should be monitored according to the regulations of milk station.
Keep the cowshed clean and dry, well ventilated and sunny. Cow dung should be cleaned at least twice a day (or at any time), and facilities such as cowshed, cowshed and cowbed should be disinfected regularly.
Methods to improve the conception rate of dairy cows
One side: fried Rhizoma Cyperi and Poria 45g, moxibustion Pinellia orange peel 40g, fried Rhizoma Atractylodis 50g, Liuqu 100g. Daily 1 dose, decocted twice for 6 days, and stopped taking medicine 1 day for 1 course of treatment. Generally, it is advisable to take one tablet in estrus cycle (that is, about 3 courses of treatment). This prescription is suitable for healthy and obese dairy cows that are not in estrus or estrus and are often infertile.
Prescription 2: 2.5 kg of fresh Zizyphus jujuba root bark, 3 kg of fresh Pinus elliottii, and 0.50 g of Epimedium/KLOC-0. After the four ingredients are mixed, they are divided into three equal parts, each part 1 dose. The effect is obvious.
Three parties: squab 1 pair, whole fur moxibustion, grinding, 250-400g of dried ginger (or 500g of fresh ginger) and 500-700g of aged wine. When the cow is in estrus, it should be taken orally with the old medicine and bred after 3-5 hours.
Sifang: 250 grams of motherwort, 30 grams of safflower and 500 grams of black beans, decocted. 1 dose once every other day, it is advisable to take 2 ~ 3 doses continuously. This recipe is suitable for cows that are not in heat.
Five prescriptions: Diluent was prepared according to the ratio of 1g iodine tablets, 3g potassium iodide and 6g distilled water. At the same time, take 4ml of stock solution and add 200ml of distilled water to wash the uterus. The method has obvious curative effect on cow infertility caused by chronic endometritis, suppurative metritis, catarrhal cervicitis and vaginitis.
Hexagonal: barley malt 120g, angelica sinensis, safflower, rehmannia root and wolfberry bark each 60g, black beans 500 ~ 1000g, boiled in water. Dairy cows were fed 1 ~ 3 days after estrus, with a daily dose of 1 dose, taking 3 doses continuously, and mating the next day after taking the third dose. This prescription is suitable for cows with normal estrus and repeated infertility.
Seven prescriptions: ovarian insufficiency, intramuscular injection of 0.5% neostigmine 2 ml, three times in a row, with an interval of 48 hours each time. For the third time, 1000 IU pregnant horse serum can be injected at the same time, and 82.4% cows can recover their functions.
Eight directions: For cows with recessive endometritis, 2 hours before estrus mating, after washing the uterus with 200 ~ 500ml normal saline, inject 40 ~10000000 units of penicillin and 0/0000000 units of streptomycin, and then inseminate in time, and the pregnancy rate is over 60%.
Nine prescriptions: intramuscular injection of vitamins. 15 ~ 20 minutes after insemination, intramuscular injection of vitamin E500 mg can increase the estrus pregnancy rate 14.4%. On the day of insemination, 5 ~ 6 days after insemination, intramuscular injection of 580,000 units of vitamin A, 365,438+units of vitamin D and E500 mg of vitamin E can increase the pregnancy rate in one estrus by 20%.
Formula 10: Adding penicillin and streptomycin into 50% ~ 70% glucose solution and injecting it into uterus after artificial insemination for 6 ~ 8 hours can increase the pregnancy rate of cows with endometritis by 26% ~ 50%.
The eleventh prescription: the first and second estrus after delivery, 5-7 minutes after insemination, each muscle is injected with 400,000-500,000 units of oxytocin, and the pregnancy rate is increased by 20%.
Twelve prescriptions: intramuscular injection of gonadotropin 10 mg can increase the pregnancy rate12% ~19.1%; The pregnancy rate of repeatedly infertile cows can be increased by 26. 1%.
Thirteen prescriptions: For ovarian hypofunction or cyst, continuous injection of oleoprogesterone (50 mg each time) for 6 days, combined with injection of pregnant horse serum gonadotropin (2400 ~ 3500 international units), can make more than 42% of cattle pregnant.
Shisifang: intramuscular injection of prostaglandin F for two days, 20 ~ 25ml, 45 ~ 60 days after delivery, the pregnancy rate can reach 73% ~ 85%. 20 ml colostrum and 2 ml 0.5% neostigmine were injected subcutaneously into long-term infertile cows, and the pregnancy rate increased by 24%.