At present, China has established a relatively complete and wide-ranging ground monitoring and observation network for meteorology, ocean, earthquake, hydrology, forest fires, pests and diseases, and established meteorological satellites, marine satellites and land satellites, and is building a small satellite constellation system for disaster reduction. In terms of meteorological monitoring and forecasting, an advanced atmospheric detection system consisting of ground meteorological observation stations, space stations, various weather radars and meteorological satellites has been built, and a meteorological satellite data receiving and processing system, a modern meteorological communication system and a medium-term numerical forecasting operational system have been established. China has formed a basic meteorological information processing, analysis and forecasting system with reasonable division of labor, organic combination and step-by-step guidance. In order to monitor river floods, the state has established a hydrological monitoring network consisting of a large number of hydrological stations, water level stations and rainfall stations, and established remote sensing databases of early warning waters in seven flood-prone areas of rivers, and applied remote sensing technology to flood monitoring during the Eighth Five-Year Plan period. Significant progress has been made in flood control and drought relief engineering technology, and some areas have reached the world advanced level. In addition, modern science and technology are used to actively carry out comprehensive management of small watersheds, such as artificial precipitation enhancement, artificial hail suppression and drip irrigation projects in agricultural areas. These technical measures have played a very positive role in disaster prevention and mitigation to a certain extent. In earthquake monitoring and earthquake resistance, more than 400 earthquake observation stations have been established and digitized during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period. The China Digital Seismological System is composed of the National Digital Seismological Network composed of 48 national digital seismographic stations, 20 regional digital seismographic networks composed of more than 300 regional digital seismographic stations, several mobile digital seismographic networks and digital strong earthquake networks, and a strong earthquake early warning system and an earthquake precursor observation system have been established. A relatively complete monitoring and forecasting system has been formed, the national seismic intensity zoning map and earthquake damage prediction map have been compiled, 52 cities have been identified as national key cities for seismic fortification, comprehensive earthquake damage prevention has been carried out for engineering buildings in areas with national seismic intensity above 6 degrees, seismic fortification has been carried out for new projects in cities and large and medium-sized industrial and mining enterprises, and several railway trunk lines, main oil pipelines, several backbone power plants, large refineries, a number of key backbone iron and steel enterprises, super-large ethylene projects and large reservoirs have been strengthened. In the prevention and control of geological disasters, we have strengthened the investigation and prevention of geological disasters such as landslides, mudslides, collapses, ground subsidence and ground fissures, and adopted a comprehensive defense system including engineering defense system, biological soil and water conservation defense system, management protection system, social management system and prediction and alarm system, which has achieved certain results. At the same time, we should combine ecological construction with disaster prevention and mitigation, and implement closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation, returning farmland to forests and returning farmland to lakes. Twenty-five national key prevention and control areas of soil erosion have been established, soil and water conservation projects have been implemented in seven major river basins, and comprehensive management of landscape fields and forests has been carried out in more than 1 10,000 small river basins with serious soil erosion. Ten major forestry ecological projects have been built successively, including "Three North" shelterbelts, shelterbelts in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River, coastal shelterbelts, plain farmland shelterbelts, shelterbelts in the Huaihe River and Taihu Lake basins, shelterbelts in the Pearl River basin, shelterbelts in the Liaohe River basin, shelterbelts in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, Taihang Mountain greening projects and desertification control projects. In addition, "Resource 1" and "Resource 2" satellites have been launched, which are widely used in resource exploration, disaster prevention and mitigation, geological disaster monitoring and scientific experiments.
Second, the main problems existing in the application and construction of disaster prevention and mitigation technologies in China
1. Lack of comprehensive coordination in management.
For a long time, China's disaster management system is basically a single disaster-oriented and departmental management model, and each disaster-related management department has its own system and its own way. Because there is no permanent comprehensive management organization, there is a lack of unified coordination among disasters, and there is a lack of communication and linkage between departments, resulting in the lack of comprehensive and systematic laws and regulations, technical system policies and overall scientific and technological development plans for disaster prevention and mitigation. Lack of systematic and continuous ideological guidance on disaster prevention and mitigation is not conducive to inter-departmental coordination; Lack of comprehensive emergency technical system for disaster prevention and mitigation; Lack of comprehensive rescue experts and technical teams specializing in disaster relief; A relatively complete scientific and technological system for disaster prevention and mitigation has not yet been formed; Poor information disclosure and communication channels; Resources and information cannot be enjoyed; Scientific decision-making evaluation support system and financial guarantee system have not been established, which directly affects the effectiveness of disaster prevention and mitigation.
2. Insufficient investment and single funding channel.
China's annual investment in research and development and application of disaster prevention and mitigation technologies is very limited, and the investment in disaster prevention and mitigation infrastructure construction, scientific research equipment purchase, disaster prevention engineering construction, basic research on disaster prevention and mitigation and popularization and application of advanced technologies is insufficient. The main reason is that China's scientific research on disaster prevention and mitigation basically depends on financial allocation, and the source of funds is single. Because the social benefits of scientific research on disaster prevention and mitigation are far greater than the recent economic benefits, it is difficult to attract active investment from enterprises and social funds, which leads to the lag of scientific development and technology promotion of disaster prevention and mitigation. In addition, the promotion of scientific research results lacks intermediate links and operating mechanisms suitable for disaster prevention and mitigation laws, and the conversion rate of scientific research results for disaster prevention and mitigation is low. The popularization and application rate of some scientific research achievements in disaster prevention and mitigation is not enough 10%, which seriously affects the in-depth development of disaster prevention and mitigation work and the further improvement of the national disaster prevention and mitigation level.