1. Inspire students to love the new socialist life and the feelings of working people.

2. Guide students to understand the conception skills of this article; Through the observation of ordinary things, philosophical thinking is triggered, and the ups and downs are set off with vivid pictures, thus showing the central idea of praising new life and its creators.

3. Understand the meaning and function of the title of the article.

Second, the difficulties and key analysis

1. How does the author praise bees? How did you turn to praise the working people?

Analysis: First of all, praise bees indirectly by writing honey, such as "litchi honey is characterized by pure color and rich nutrition" and "drinking such good honey will make you feel that life is sweet".

More is to praise bees directly, such as "noisy scenes will make you think, maybe bees are scrambling to build a new life." "What a lovely niche! I don't want anything from people, but I give them good things. Bees are brewing honey and life; Brewing the sweetest life is not for yourself, but for mankind. Bees are small, but how noble bees are! " That night, I had a strange dream that I became a little bee.

Through the above statement, the noble quality and brand-new mental outlook of the working people in building a new socialist life are praised.

So why does the author say that bees are "small" but "noble"? Is this a contradiction? Not contradictory. "Small" refers to the shape of bees, "expensive" refers to the quality of bees. That is, "I don't want anything from others, but I give people excellent things."

The author completed the connection between two things by changing his point of view. When we visited the "beekeeping building" and praised bees, we were excited about the valuable spirit of bees. Looking far away, the author shows the vast reality of the field in Through the Litchi Forest: "Looking far away in the field, there are farmers standing in the paddy field, transplanting seedlings diligently". This is naturally from bees to people.

Here, the author grasps the similarities between people and bees, praises bees and praises working people. Bees are making honey, which brings fragrance and sweetness to people. Farmers "are actually making honey-making honey for themselves, others and future generations". In the process of building a new socialist life, they worked selflessly, made selfless contributions and brought "beautiful things" to people. Here, the author profoundly reveals the ideological significance of the work with the finishing touch.

At the end, the author wrote that he became a "little bee" in his dream, which showed the author's strong desire to learn from the little bee, from the working people, to work hard for society and others, and to make selfless contributions, which played a role in deepening the theme.

2. What is the structure of this article?

Analysis: The title of the article is litchi honey, but litchi honey is not the focus of this article. From then on, the author began to praise the bees that brewed litchi honey, and then naturally connected with social life, revealing a thought-provoking philosophy of life. The clue of the full text is "bee-litchi, litchi honey-bee". The article is divided into four parts.

The first part (paragraph 1): Starting with the writing of bees, first explain my feelings and impressions of bees: I didn't like them very much when I was a child, because I wrote them by bees. At last, the author praised bees, but at first, he said that he didn't like bees, which was an unexpected start. This also makes the article fascinating from the beginning. On the other hand, this start is reasonable. Russian writer Chernyshevski said: Art is "to reproduce life in the form of life itself". The author decided to tell his readers the process of understanding bees, so that readers can experience the twists and turns of life and the changes of understanding with themselves, feel together and move forward together.

The second part (2 ~ 5 natural paragraphs): The background of the article is Conghua Hot Spring, where litchi trees similar to "Montenegro" appear. Write the secret of litchi tree, as a foil for the busy honey peak below, which will never be forgotten sooner or later. In this part, the author's feelings for bees have undergone a preliminary change, from "I don't always like it" to "I am very touched", from "I don't always feel good" to "I want to see it". The initial change of this kind of thoughts and feelings is because "I" ate litchi honey. Here, the author gave full play to the characteristics of prose "scattered in form and gathered in spirit" and began to write. I wanted to eat lychee, but I couldn't eat it at the wrong time, and I couldn't understand Su Dongpo's realm of "300 lychees a day and growing up to be a Lingnan person". Disappointed, the sweetness of litchi honey reminds the author of the honey peak for brewing this honey. As a result, the flying "kite" was taken back and returned to the main idea of the article. Savor carefully, this seemingly far-fetched text is actually closely related to the topic-it is natural to eat honey and praise bees.

The third part (6 ~ 18 natural paragraph): writing and visiting litchi forest bee farm is the main part of the full text. "I" was moved by eating honey. In order to seek the true meaning of life, I went to see bees. This is not only the improvement of the author's feelings, but also a transition of the article structure. The author first described the scene of "I" visiting a beekeeping farm. As soon as I entered the apiary, I saw bees flying in and out. "Maybe bees are also scrambling to build a new life." This is a comparison between life and bees, which includes praise for bees. This part is almost all narrative, and most of them are recorded conversations with beekeeper Lao Liang, but it is still poetic. Go deep into the life of bees, talk about their labor and express their feelings about this little creature. The pen of prose is drawing this little creature in nature, but the meaning of the pen falls on "bees are brewing honey, brewing life … brewing the sweetest life for mankind". Look at the bees with the horse in front and brush the bees when walking, so that the "trying to figure out" behind will have a basis and an image charm. The "deep thinking" of "I" points out a poetic vision: "Brewing the honey of life".

Part IV (paragraph 19): There is only one line: "This night, I had a strange dream that I became a little bee". The meaning is obvious. The author expressed his desire to participate in the "brewing" of "the honey of life". "There are more honey brewed, but the food is limited".

3. What are the writing characteristics of this article?

Analysis:

(1) is full of poetic artistic conception.

Artistic conception is nothing more than the combination of meaning and context, emotion and scenery. The different ways of creating artistic conception in prose are due to the different main expression methods. Generally speaking, it can be roughly divided into four types: expressing ambition with things, expressing ambition with things, expressing emotion with scenery and expressing emotion on the spot. Among them, "comparing things with people" and "expressing feelings through scenery" are the most common and important. Essays that describe people with things often adopt a "double-line" structure when forming and developing artistic conception. This is because, since it is a metaphor, there are noumenon and metaphor, which accompany each other, or go or stop, or sink or float, and the artistic conception of the article is formed and developed step by step. For example, in litchi honey, the metaphor is a bee, and in the article it is a bright line; Ontology is the working people and a hidden line in the article. The two lines developed in parallel until the end of the article, when the dark line and the bright line merged, and the article came to an abrupt end. However, this "parallelism" is not "parallelism" in geometry, but they collide with each other many times in the text. Every time we bump into each other, it is on the intermediary between "things" and "people", honey (life). This has become the key for readers to open a profound artistic conception.

Can it be said that the artistic conception of the prose of "using things to describe people" is formed by the combination of noumenon and vehicle, and its artistic conception is vague, which has a lot of room for readers to supplement and imagine, thus making people feel memorable.

The most striking feature of this article in art is its own fresh poetry. This artistic conception is expressed by the author's inner feelings of exploring the inside story of life. Instead of discussing all kinds of life philosophies to people, the author imagines from the real scene of "I", so that his subjective emotional color is in harmony with the objective image characteristics reflected, and the reader is led from this heavy realm to another realm to think, associate, feel, summarize and understand life philosophies, thus obtaining a kind of spiritual enjoyment. The profound and touching artistic conception can not be written casually, but depends on the author's serious writing attitude and ability to master various expressive skills. Although the materials are extensive, they should not be confused, and must be unified under the central idea. Only in this way can the artistic conception of the article be expressed. Litchi Honey pays great attention to this aspect. After the author's "repeated tailoring" and careful conception, the materials are all related to bees and labor, and are linked with the theme of "praising the working people for creating happiness with labor"

"Litchi Honey" first shows us such a picture: Conghua hot springs are surrounded by mountains and waters, surrounded by a pool of spring water, and the litchi forest like the sea in Wang Yang. What a wonderful "green mountains and green waters painting"! In this context full of the author's feelings, bees are "too busy to remember the morning and evening" and diligently collect flowers to make honey. It loves labor and selfless dedication; However, it can only live for six months. Bees dedicated their short lives to human beings. In this regard, the author can't help but admire: "What a lovely elf! What a wonderful thing ... "The author organically combines meaning and context to extract such a touching poem. But the author's intention is not limited to this. He saw the farmers at work. At this time, the flowers of the honey peak were picked to make honey, and the farmers' labor was intertwined with the background of "green mountains and green waters painting", thus pushing the artistic conception of the works to a new height and revealing to us a truth: everything we have is created by working people through labor. Our people are hardworking people and great people.

(2) Description of emotional changes.

There are reasons for people's love and hate, mainly because of their knowledge and understanding of objective objects. Based on this, Yang Shuo described the development process of my understanding of bees from lack to gain, and from never understanding to complete understanding in "Litchi Honey", thus showing my emotional changes to bees reasonably. Let's use a simple diagram to describe its general outline: taste the fruits of bee labor → see the scene of bee labor → hear the beekeeper's introduction to bee labor and spirit → feel the greatness and sublimity of bee → associate with working people → become a little bee in a dream.

This picture shows that based on the development of my understanding of bees, the author gradually and reasonably shows my emotional changes towards bees.

At the same time, the author has a whim, and the metaphor is invisible. Write Conghua Hot Spring: "Surrounded by mountains, holding a pool of spring water". The word "hug" is so meaningful. Writing that bees are picking flowers: "The fields are buzzing, so busy that I forget the morning and evening." What a happy and tense busy scene, isn't it like the busy scene of human cultivation and harvest in spring and autumn? Describe litchi honey: "Drinking such good honey will make you feel that life is sweet". This intangible metaphor is very wonderful.

(3) interesting language.

First of all, the narrative contains affection. At the beginning of the article, people are introduced to an inconspicuous corner: "bees are the painter's favorite, but I always don't like them." First, stir up emotional waves, and then calmly describe a childhood memory in a childlike style, which is naive, pure and natural, implying the author's changes in feelings for bees. Unexpected and fascinating. Secondly, the description is extremely simple. The author's sketch of the beekeeping farm is only a few words, but the scene is realistic: "Deep in the litchi forest. A corner of the white house looms out, which is the beekeeping farm of the Hot Spring Commune ... I saw swarms of bees coming in and out, flying around, and the noisy scene will make you think that maybe bees are scrambling to build a new life. " This poetic picture of life, together with the sentences composed of four phrases, such as "in droves", "in and out", "flying around" and "buzzing", shows the busy scene of bees making honey naturally, concretely and without modification, making people feel as if they are in it. Especially the last sentence, a little sunshine, contains a lot of touching things, fascinating.

One of the linguistic features of Litchi Honey is its proper choice of words, accuracy and strong expressive force. The author described the right limit, and he paid great attention to the emotional changes of bees. For example, "I don't like bees very much" and "I don't feel very well" at the beginning of the article. Why not use synonyms like "hate, hate, dislike, uncomfortable"? This is to write more convincingly about the change of feelings for bees later. "I don't like it very much" and "I don't feel well" are lighter than those words in expressing my dislike of bees, and the range of emotional changes is naturally smaller. Using these two words can make the emotional transformation written later appear more natural and credible.

The second linguistic feature of litchi honey is its flexible sentence pattern. For example, several sentences praising bees directly are extremely subtle. For example, "drinking such good honey will make you feel that life is sweet." "I think" is a direct positive tone, revealing the author's association: "Maybe bees are also rushing to build a new life." This is speculation, but it also expresses affirmation with euphemistic tone. "Maybe" is affirmation in essence, a deep sigh and a promotion of meaning. The author has moved from "feeling" to emotion.

(4) Simple and elegant style.

Yang Shuo's article is like a knowledgeable and eloquent person posing at home, shallow and deep, light and tasteful; The surface is relaxed and comfortable, and the heart is full and profound; The expression is touching, simple and kind, and there is depth in the plain. "Litchi Honey" started from plain and gradually became fascinating. Tell an interesting childhood story first, which not only leads to the main topic to be said, but also arouses readers' interest in reading the following. The same is true below. It seems that the language is not surprising. There are no strong exciting and luxurious words. It is calm and quiet, but it is interesting and delicious.

Third, the teaching process design

(1) import.

"Bees are the painter's favorite", but there are also many literary works praising bees. Today, Yang Shuo's essay "Litchi Honey" is one of them. The author endows the instinctive activities of bees with an important philosophy of life, thus sublimating the central idea of the article, which is the essence of this article and the noble monologue of the author. Please understand carefully when studying.

Blackboard: Litchi Yang Anqi said.

(2) Check the preview (show the small blackboard, teaching cards and slides).

1. Write down the added words and pay attention to their writing.

I was stung, dark, crawling, holding the flowers, and tirelessly leaning on it.

A knot in one's heart, be careful to spoil three or five days, small and buzzing, brewing a new moon

Speak clearly after the students have finished speaking. They are: zh = d n y u r qi f i y c db d tb ch mi o y ng w ng ni ng shu.

2. Explain the following words and added words.

There are 300 lychees in a dark mirage every day, so I have no hesitation in growing up as a Lingnan person.

They are buzzing, crawling, rare, and small.

Noble little creature

For the understanding of the above words, please refer to relevant materials and reference books, and the answer is abbreviated.

(3) Teachers demonstrate reading the text.

(4) Let the students read the text silently. Thinking in the process of silent reading: What changes have taken place before and after the author's thoughts and feelings about Bee? What are the reasons for these changes?

Organize students to discuss. A little.

Make it clear after discussion. Key points: The process of the author's affection for bees is: from never liking bees, to wanting to see and appreciate bees, and then to dreaming of becoming a little bee. Feelings are caused by things. I don't like bees very much, because I was stung by bees when I was a child. Because I saw the dense litchi trees and drank the sweet litchi honey, I was very moved and wanted to see the bees I had never liked. Because I visited the "beekeeping building", I saw the hard work of bees and learned about their living habits (I love labor most and I am not idle all year round; Brew more honey and eat less; Never argue, ignore anything, continue to work, continue to make honey, work hard all day and all night ...), so "I can't help shivering" and give a heartfelt admiration of "what a lovely elf". Because I saw farmers working hard in rice fields, I thought of sweet litchi honey and hardworking bees, realized that working people were creating a happy socialist life with hard work, and then dreamed of becoming a bee to express their thoughts and feelings of loving bees, life and learning from working people. It is not difficult to see that the article is based on the emotional changes of bees to organize materials and express the central idea.

Blackboard writing:

I don't like it → I want to see it → I sincerely admire it → I became a bee in my dream-a clue.

(5) Discussion: According to the changes of the author's thoughts and feelings about bees, the article can be divided into several parts. Summarize the general idea of each part.

After discussion, it is obvious that:

According to the changes of the author's thoughts and feelings, the article can be divided into four parts. The first part (1 paragraph): I don't like bees very much, because I was stung by bees when I was a child; The second part (paragraphs 2 ~ 5): I drank sweet litchi honey and wanted to see bees; The third part (paragraph 6 ~ 17): Understand and appreciate the living habits of bees. Bees are brewing honey and life ... the sweetest life of mankind. The fourth part (paragraphs 18 ~ 19): praise the working people and express their desire to learn from bees.

(6) Arrange discussion. Let the students think independently and write a short speech outline for the discussion.

1. The author wrote about the dense litchi forest, delicious litchi fruit, sweet litchi honey, the hard work of bees and the labor of farmers. Structurally, what is the relationship between them? What does this have to do with expressing the central idea of the article?

2. The author mentioned at the beginning that he "never liked bees", why did he say at the end that he "dreamed of becoming a little bee"? Is the beginning and the end contradictory? Why? Why does the author write like this?

3. How to understand that "bees are small, but how noble!"

4. Based on the author's thoughts and feelings about bees, this paper organizes the full text. Why is the title "litchi honey"? What does this title mean?

5. What is the center of the article? How does the author express this center?

(7) Discuss the thinking problems arranged above.

1. The author wrote about the dense litchi forest, delicious litchi fruit, sweet litchi honey, the hard work of bees and the labor of farmers. Structurally, what is the relationship between them? What does this have to do with expressing the central idea of the article?

Make clear the main points after organizing students' discussion: structurally, these are hierarchical. When I wrote about the dense litchi trees, I thought of eating litchi fruit, but it was not the ripe season of litchi at that time, so I drank sweet litchi honey; From the sweetness of litchi honey, I thought of visiting a beekeeping farm and learned about the hard work of bees. From the hard work of bees to the greatness of working people The former is the foreshadowing and condition of the latter. Writing about litchi forest and litchi honey paves the way for writing about bees, and writing about bees paves the way for writing about farmers working in the fields.

Structure is to serve the content. Layers of bedding are just to praise the hard work of bees and working people. In this way, even if the article fluctuates, the author eulogizes the center of working people and is fully expressed.

Writing on the blackboard: Lin Mao, Tian Mi → bees work hard → farmers forget themselves.

2. The author mentioned at the beginning that he "never liked bees", why did he say at the end that he "dreamed of becoming a little bee"? Is the beginning and the end contradictory? Why? Why does the author write like this?

Make clear the main points after organizing students' discussion: The author disliked bees at first, drank litchi honey, saw the work of bees, and was willing to be a little bee after understanding the living habits of bees, which shows how powerful the sweet new life is and how great the hard work and selfless dedication of the creators of new life are.

This kind of writing is not contradictory, but an expression, which not only echoes the article from beginning to end, but also makes the clues of emotional changes more distinct and prominent, which is helpful to reveal the central idea of the article.

3. How to understand that "bees are small, but how noble!"

After discussion, it is clear that "small" comes from the fact that bees are small creatures and their lives are short. "Noble" refers to its selfless virtue and contribution to mankind.

4. Guide students to read and recite paragraphs 17.

5. Based on the author's thoughts and feelings about bees, this paper organizes the full text. Why is the title "litchi honey"? What does this title mean?

Organize students to discuss and make clear the main points: take "litchi honey" as the topic. First, because I drank the sweet litchi honey, I wanted to see the bees I didn't like all the time. It is also the center of the narrative dominated by litchi honey. Secondly, it also contains the meaning that sweet litchi honey is the crystallization of bees' hard work; Socialist life is as sweet as litchi honey, and the creator of a happy life is the working people in our country.

6. What is the center of the article? How does the author express this center?

Make clear the main points after organizing students' discussion: The central idea of this paper is to eulogize the new socialist life and the ordinary workers who work hard for it by praising the sweetness of litchi honey and the selfless dedication of bees, and express their desire to be an ordinary worker who contributes himself to the new life. Lyricism by borrowing things is a basic feature of this writing. Writing about the sweetness of litchi honey reminds people of the happiness of life, from the sweetness of "honey" to the hardship of its brewer, thinking of the working people who brew the honey of life for themselves, others and future generations, and finally writing that they are willing to become a bee. In this way, the author naturally expresses the center of the article by praising things layer by layer.

Lyricism by borrowing things is a basic method to express the central idea of this paper. In addition, we should also pay attention to the great role played by vivid language. Without a thick picture scroll, there will be no illusion of overlapping ups and downs like hills, and it will be difficult to show a surprise completely different from "emotional bumps", and the sweetness of litchi honey will be difficult to attract readers. It is difficult for readers and authors to share the joy of life together, and it is also difficult for the finishing touch of Life is Sweet to unconsciously penetrate the readers' hearts and produce a * * * sound. As for writing about the busyness of bees, it is awe-inspiring, writing about the life span of bees is exciting, and writing about the superimposed pictures of farmers in rice fields makes readers enter a distant and fresh artistic conception. These vivid and vivid languages are also very important to the performance of this article, which should be experienced repeatedly in reading.

Blackboard writing:

Praise the sweet life → praise the creator of life → wish to be the creator of life → center.

7. Guide students to read and recite paragraphs 18.

8. summary.

Yang Shuo is an influential and accomplished essayist. His prose is unique. He is good at choosing themes from real life, and his works have distinct characteristics of the times. His prose is novel and profound in conception, and he often uses the expression method of expressing his ambition with things and expressing his feelings with scenery. His prose language is delicate, subtle, novel and ingenious, with harmonious phonology and artistic charm.

Observing things is the basic skill of writing. "Look, ask and think" is the basic method of observation. For example, when I visited a beekeeping farm, I saw the buzzing scene of bees coming in and out and flying around, and thought, "Maybe bees are also building a new life in a hurry." For example, the article wrote several times "I asked", "I asked again", "I asked when I thought of a question", "I couldn't help shivering" (thinking) and so on.

In daily life, we should pay attention to the things around us and think about the philosophy of life by observing ordinary things.

9. assign homework.

After carefully observing some things around you, write an observation essay, and pay attention to repeated thinking when observing, which leads to some philosophical thinking about life.

The number of words is around 500.

blackboard-writing design

Litchi honey

I don't like it → I want to see it → I really admire it → I became a bee in my dream.

(Emotional changes) → Clues

Lin Mao, honey is sweet → bees work hard → farmers forget me.

↓ ↓ ↓

Praise the new life → praise the creator → willing to be the creator.

(borrowing things to express feelings)-Center

Second, the controversial issue.

About the theme of the article. The main length of the article is about bees, but interestingly, the development and conclusion of the article all fall on my feelings about bees: "I hate bees-look at bees-praise bees-change bees" constitutes the emotional clue of the full text. Therefore, the whole article highlights not the spirit of the bee (working people), but the essential change of my thoughts and feelings inspired by its spirit, and this emotional change is the focus of the article. Therefore, describing the emotional changes or ideological changes of "I" to the working people is the real theme of "Litchi Honey".

As a literary and art worker who personally participated in the Yan 'an Forum on Literature and Art, and a revolutionary writer who was interested in creating for the people, Yang Shuo clearly realized the ideological gap between himself and the working people earlier. As early as 1949, he wrote frankly about my transformation. He said, "The key to being really close to the masses lies in my thoughts." He thinks he is "outstanding in literature and art" and "somewhat arrogant" to the workers and peasants. In an article about creative mood in 1953, he said more clearly: "Love can't be faked. I have had this kind of pain. I started writing for workers, peasants and soldiers, but I didn't like it. I went, collected stories, turned around and was indifferent to them. But in life, in the struggle, I saw their noble spirit and respectable actions. My thoughts and feelings gradually changed under the education of the party, so I naturally fell in love with them. " It can be seen that Yang Shuo's understanding of working people did have a changing process before he wrote "Litchi Honey", that is, the emotional change from disharmony to harmony.

Therefore, reflected in the works, we can't say that "hating bees" is only an artistic technique of first promoting and then restraining, let alone that "changing bees" is an artificial pen. It should be said that the theme of the whole text is reflected by them.

We can also say that the emotional tone of the essay "Litchi Honey" belongs not only to Yang Shuo personally, but also to the era in which it came into being, and it contains profound social and historical contents.

In the first ten years after the founding of New China, due to the comprehensive and systematic implementation of the spirit of Mao Zedong's speech at the Yan 'an Forum on Literature and Art, and the advocacy of major literary leaders such as Guo Moruo and Mao Dun at that time, going deep into workers and peasants, going deep into life and changing ideas became the main theme of China's literary world, and many writers left the factory and the countryside for a long time. This era is an era in which intellectuals and workers, peasants and soldiers are integrated. As a representative of intellectuals, it is natural for Yang Shuo to make a true record of the emotional changes in his combination with workers and peasants. He himself said, "What I get from thinking is often the theme of my future writing." Yang Shuo's creative method of "taking the theme as the main line" just proves that the emotional change process of "I hate bees-look at bees-praise bees-change bees" in "Litchi Honey" is exactly "life related to the theme", which is the theme. So far, can we sum up the theme of "Litchi Honey" in this way: the author describes the different emotional changes before and after the bee, describes the spiritual track of "I" as a representative of a generation of intellectuals in the process of combining with the working people, and expresses the desire of a generation of intellectuals to integrate with the working people. The ideological course of "I" is the epitome of the growth path of a generation of intellectuals.

Third, the origin of "300 lychees a day, I will not hesitate to be a Lingnan person".

This poem comes from Su Wan's Eat Litchi (also known as Huizhou's one must). The original poem goes like this:

It's four o'clock in spring in Luofu Mountain.

Lu Juyang Mei is the second newest one.

300 lychees a day,

Don't hesitate to be a Lingnan person.

This poem shows the poet Su Shi's infinite admiration for litchi. Yang Shuo quoted these two poems in praise of litchi.