(1) Understand the method of this article.
(2) Understand the author's motivation for writing this article.
(3) Guide students to establish a sense of responsibility for others, society and themselves.
Course arrangement 2 class hours
Teaching content and steps:
first kind
First, introduce a new lesson (about 3 minutes)
Pain and happiness are eternal topics for human beings. How should each of us face bitterness and happiness, and what kind of bitterness and optimism should we establish? Western philosophy holds that wise men have no worries, while Mencius says that a gentleman has lifelong worries; Juck Zhang also said that people are not willing to be idle, while Madame Curie said that the happiest thing in the world is to struggle for ideals; Some people think that life is too short to eat, drink and be merry. Fan Zhongyan advocated that the world's worries should come first, and the world's happiness should come later. Next, let's discuss with Mr. Liang Qichao the most bitter and enjoyable:
Second, the introduction of the author's works (the picture shows the background information of the author and his works). (about 2 minutes)
Liang Qichao, known as Ren Gong, is a bourgeois reformist thinker and educator in modern times. Guangdong Xinhui people. He is the author of The Complete Works of Drinking Ice Room.
Third, look at the pictures, read the text and preview the instructions.
(Insert the recording for 7 minutes, add 8 minutes for students to complete the exercise: Please listen to the recording and write down the answers to the questions 1, 2, 2 in your notebook. Let the students check the text of question 3 again, and let them check the text of question 4. The teacher makes some comments on the students' problems, * * * about 17 minutes. )
1. According to the reading aloud, add some words to the following:
(1) contract () about (2) hold () 3 pity () people.
A journey of a thousand miles
Fill in the blanks according to the reading:
(1) In the author's pen, the reason why you are poor but not bitter is that you are frustrated but not bitter, and the reason why you are born and die without suffering is that. The author thinks that the real pain comes from.
Contentment, peace of mind, optimism and sense of responsibility.
3. Students discuss and complete the following exercises:
① Fill in the blanks with the relevant sentences in the text:
Responsibility to people:
Responsibility for things:
Responsibility to oneself:
Responsibility to people: I am responsible for those who belong to me and those who benefit from him.
Responsibility for things: I am responsible for what I should do and what my strength can do.
Responsibility to myself: No matter what I want to do, I have made an agreement with myself now and in the future, which adds a layer of responsibility to myself.
What is the happiest thing? (original answer)
When the responsibility is over, it is the first pleasure in life.
③ Summarize the content of the fourth paragraph with the sentences in the text.
The happiness that comes from the sufferings in the world is the real happiness.
(4) Please find out the right to happiness from the last paragraph, and hold it in your own connotation:
You make a great responsibility, you will be happy; Do a little responsibility, and you will get a little happiness.
4. Explain the words according to the text.
① Frustration ② Sympathy for others.
(3) Relief (4) Only complacency.
(1) frustrated
(2) Expressing concern and sympathy for the disasters and sufferings of society and mankind.
It seems that I have put down a heavy burden.
No matter where, there are no people who are not free.
Fourth, the overall perception and understanding of the text (design problems, insert pictures according to the needs of the text content). (about 23 minutes)
(Make clear the goal on the spot, first give 10 minutes to think and answer independently, then give 5 minutes to discuss with the students, and then the teacher will explain it for 8 minutes. )
5. Find out the original sentence that shows the author's bitterness and optimism.
I said that the most bitter thing in life is to bear an unfinished responsibility.
What is the happiest thing? The end of natural responsibility is the first pleasure of life.
6. Summarize the central point of this article in concise language:
Responsibility is the greatest pain in life, and conscientious is the greatest happiness in life.
Or responsibility is the most bitter, and responsibility is the most enjoyable.
7. Arguments in argumentative essays can be divided into two types: factual arguments and rational arguments. Whether there are these two types of arguments in this paper, please give an example.
This paper has both factual arguments and reasonable arguments.
Facts and arguments, such as: promise to do something, not paying back the money owed, not paying back the kindness of others, and not making amends to the offender.
Reasonable arguments such as: the old saying is well spoken and relieved; As the saying goes, a stone fell to the ground. Another example: Confucius said he was not complacent, and Mencius said that a gentleman has lifelong worries. Another example: Ceng Zi also said: The road is long, and the Xiu Yuan is long, and the death is not far away.
⒏ Combined with the above types of argumentation, what argumentation methods do you think are mainly adopted in this paper?
Examples and arguments, in addition to comparing arguments (such as the third paragraph), cite arguments.
Pet-name ruby divide the structure of this paper into:
Tip: Pay attention to symbolic words or sentences that indicate the turning point of text and meaning, such as upside down and natural.
Clear: The five natural paragraphs of the full text can be divided into three parts:
The first part (1, 2) discusses that responsibility is the greatest pain in life. (Subparameter 1)
The second part (3): It discusses that due diligence is the greatest happiness in life. (Sub-argument 2)
The third part (4, 5): Discuss that you should be brave in taking responsibility in life, but you can't escape it. (conclusion)
Five, homework, according to the following requirements to find relevant information to answer:
(second class, summary of class comments)
⒔ Ask students to say the words, proverbs and aphorisms related to bitterness and joy in daily life.
5. The teacher prepares some famous sentences about responsibility, and asks the group to discuss their literal meanings (available information) and give examples (historical figures, life cases or words can be quoted), and then communicate in groups.
Confucius: I am not complacent.
B, Mencius: A gentleman has lifelong worries.
C. Ceng Zi: A long way to go.
Ceng Zi: I look at myself three times a day. I am unfaithful to others. Don't believe in making friends? Can you pass it on?
E. Fan Zhongyan: Worry about the world first, then enjoy it.
(3) Read the following materials and talk about your views on life.
First, do one thing and be single-minded. Everything is diligent and everything is successful.
B, have confidence in yourself and dedication to others. Concentrate on things and be sincere to friends. Care for your family and treat life sincerely.
Although you can't control the weather, you can change your mood. You cannot change your appearance, but you can smile.
You can't escape.
Second lesson
First, the appreciation of the key paragraphs of the text. (about 15 minutes)
(① familiarize students with paragraphs 3 and 4 of the text for about 5 minutes; (2) Slide again for about 3 minutes; (3) The teacher analyzes and tells, about 4 minutes; ④ Play the slide again for about 3 minutes. )
But why did Mencius say that a gentleman has lifelong worries? Because the more heroes there are, the greater the responsibility he bears; Moreover, he often has to bear various responsibilities, and the burden on his shoulders has never been put down. Ceng Zi also said: You still have a long way to go before you die, don't you? Benevolent people have lofty ideals, care about the country and the people, and saints and Buddhists are merciful, even though they suffer all their lives. But he did his duty there day after day and suffered there day after day. He was really happy. So he is still happy, not bitter!
Some people say: since this suffering is born of responsibility, then I shirk my responsibility, won't I suffer forever? That was not the case. There is no responsibility for lifting it, and there is no responsibility for not lifting it. If life can always be like a child of two or three years old, there will be no pain without responsibility. When you grow up, the responsibility will naturally fall on you. How can you hide? But there is a difference in size. You make a great responsibility, you will be happy; Do a little responsibility, and you will get a little happiness. If you want to hide, you throw yourself into the ocean of pain and you will never get rid of it.
Generally speaking, the question to be answered in an argumentative essay is nothing more than: what is it and why? These two paragraphs answer the question of how to do it. We should be brave in taking responsibility, not shirking it. The first paragraph discusses that life should be responsible. The reason is that the greater the responsibility, the greater the pain and the greater the happiness. The second paragraph discusses that life should not evade responsibility, on the grounds that responsibility cannot be evaded. These two aspects support each other, making the argument more rigorous.
The reasonable argumentation method adopted by the author in the first paragraph. In this paper, the famous sayings of Mencius and Ceng Zi are cited as arguments to prove theoretically that life should be brave and responsible. Then the second paragraph points out the most bitter and joyful concrete connotation, thus echoing the composition of the topic one by one. Therefore, it is clearly pointed out that there is no responsibility for lifting it, and there is no responsibility for unloading it; And further pointed out that if you do your best, you will be happy; Do a little responsibility, and you will get a little happiness. On the contrary, if you want to avoid responsibility, you just throw yourself into the ocean of pain, and the pain will never be relieved.
Second, knowledge induction, review and practice. (about 20 minutes)
(The questions 10, 1 1 should be summarized by the teacher first, and then the slides should be shown, about 4 minutes).
⒑ The central argument of this article: Failure to fulfill responsibilities is the greatest pain in life, while fulfilling responsibilities is the greatest happiness in life.
⒒ A clear point of view, clear context and rigorous argument can be described as a major feature of this article, which shows that it is very important to clarify the overall structure of the article in argumentative writing.
Read the following article and answer the following questions:
(The teacher will show the slides first, and the related exercises will be done by students independently, about 7 minutes. After checking the students' basic completion, the teacher will show slides and refer to the answers. Teachers need to guide students' confused questions for about 4 minutes. )
But why did Mencius say that a gentleman has lifelong worries? Because the more heroes there are, the greater the responsibility he bears; Moreover, he often has to bear various responsibilities, and the burden on his shoulders has never been put down. Ceng Zi also said: You still have a long way to go before you die, don't you? Benevolent people have lofty ideals, care about the country and the people, and saints and Buddhists are merciful, even though they suffer all their lives. But he did his duty there day after day and suffered there day after day. He was really happy. So he is still happy, not bitter!
Some people say: since this suffering is born of responsibility, then I shirk my responsibility, won't I suffer forever? That was not the case. There is no responsibility for lifting it, and there is no responsibility for not lifting it. If life can always be like a child of two or three years old, there will be no pain without responsibility. When you grow up, the responsibility will naturally fall on you. How can you hide? But there is a difference in size. You make a great responsibility, you will be happy; Do a little responsibility, and you will get a little happiness. If you want to hide, you throw yourself into the ocean of pain and you will never get rid of it.
(1) What is the central argument of these two paragraphs? (Summarize in your own words)
Life should be responsible, not shirking responsibility.
(2) Please find out the factual arguments and rational arguments from these two paragraphs.
Facts and arguments: the greater the responsibility of sages and heroes; Moreover, he often has to bear various responsibilities, and the burden on his shoulders has never been put down.
Benevolent people have lofty ideals, care about the country and the people, and saints and Buddhists are merciful, even though they suffer all their lives. But he did his duty there day after day and suffered there day after day. He was really happy.
Rationality argument: it's a long way for a gentleman to have lifelong worries and die, isn't it?
⑶ What rhetorical devices are used in the underlined sentences in the article, and what role do they play in expression?
The rhetorical device of rhetorical question is adopted.
It plays an important role in emphasizing, arousing readers' deep thinking and enhancing language argumentation.
(4) What is the difference between relieving responsibility and relieving responsibility?
Abandoning responsibility means not fulfilling responsibility and leaving it behind; Relieving responsibility means that you have done your duty and have no burden.
5] What do the sentences with wavy lines mean?
Explain that this is a hypothetical situation, but it is actually impossible.
[6] As a student, what responsibilities do you think you should perform?
Cultivate a sense of responsibility for loving the collective and consciously safeguard the collective interests. (2) Build self-confidence, perseverance and courage to face failure. ③ Cultivate the sense of responsibility in learning.
Third, knowledge expansion and ability transfer. (about 15 minutes)
After the first class, students can be arranged to collect relevant information after class as a form of homework. At this time, we can communicate. The content of the slide is for reference, not the only answer. )
⒔ Ask students to say the words, proverbs and aphorisms related to bitterness and joy in daily life.
For example: contentment is always a joy, there is sweetness in bitterness, there is joy in bitterness, and bitterness is sweet first;
No pains, no gains; There is a road in the mountain of books, but there is no limit to learning the sea.
5. The teacher prepares some famous sentences about responsibility, and asks the group to discuss their literal meanings (available information) and give examples (historical figures, life cases or words can be quoted), and then communicate in groups.
Confucius: I am not complacent.
No matter where you are, you are not free.
For example, Yan Hui, who is extremely happy and sad, and Maitreya, who smiles forever.
B, Mencius: A gentleman has lifelong worries.
It means: a gentleman has unfinished business in his life.
For example, Mencius was born in sorrow and died in happiness.
Sun Yat-sen-the revolution has not yet succeeded, and comrades still have to work hard.
C. Ceng Zi: A long way to go.
Word meaning; The task is heavy and the road is long. Metaphor responsibility is great and arduous.
Example: Zhuge Liang-dedicated himself to death.
Parents' selfless love for their children all their lives.
Ceng Zi: I look at myself three times a day. I am unfaithful to others. Don't believe in making friends? Can you pass it on?
Meaning: I reflect on myself with the following three things every day:
Is there anything you don't try your best to do for others? (2) When dealing with friends, do you keep your word? (3) Have you carefully reviewed the lessons taught by the teacher?
For example, taoyuan three vows, a promise of a thousand dollars.
E. Fan Zhongyan: Worry about the world first, then enjoy it.
Meaning: worry before everyone in the world is worried; Only when everyone in the world feels happy can I feel happy.
For example: Dayu is in charge of water conservancy, and there are many patriots with lofty ideals.
(3) Read the following materials and talk about your views on life.
First, do one thing and be single-minded. Everything is diligent and everything is successful.
B, have confidence in yourself and dedication to others. Concentrate on things and be sincere to friends. Care for your family and treat life sincerely.
Although you can't control the weather, you can change your mood. You cannot change your appearance, but you can smile.
Although you can't escape from reality, you can face it bravely. You can't have everything you want, but you can do your best.
Fourth, homework
(printed and distributed to students, required to finish after class, the teacher will comment at another time or in the next class. )
Read the following article and complete the questions (1)-(7).
Vigorously carry forward the spirit of struggle
(1) human evolution and social progress to the present level depend on struggle; If human civilization wants to achieve greater development, it still depends on struggle. In the last century, the Communist Party of China (CPC) led the people to fight bloody battles, established a new China and won a great victory in the cause of socialist modernization. In the new century, if we want to create new glory and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, we need to vigorously carry forward the spirit of struggle.
② Struggle is a state of mind and a spiritual realm. Struggle needs to aim high, need real talent and practical learning, and need hard work. After a hundred years of life, are you busy for your own fame and fortune, or are you struggling for national rejuvenation and national prosperity? The answer is clear. Fighting for yourself, its behavior is humble and its realm is low; Working hard for the interests of the country and the cause of the people, his life is gorgeous and his realm is lofty. In today's increasingly fast pace of life and fierce competition, fighting for everything has become the knowledge of most people. The most important thing to emphasize now is to establish a correct concept of struggle and integrate individual struggle into the struggle to realize the socialist modernization of the motherland. Only in this way can our struggle be valuable, we will have inexhaustible motivation, and we will have the courage and ability to overcome all kinds of difficulties and obstacles and reach the other side of victory.
We are delighted to see that countless comrades are actively engaged in reform, opening up and socialist modernization with such a concept of struggle. They put the interests of the country and the people above personal interests, are not afraid of hardship, and work where the motherland needs them most. Yuan Jiajun, the young vice president of China Academy of Space Technology, who recently won the title of Top Ten Outstanding Youth in China, is one of them. After graduating from college, he embarked on the post of serving the aerospace industry of the motherland for more than ten years. As we all know, almost all the space bases in China are in poor and desolate areas with bad weather. For more than ten years, Yuan Jiajun worked part-time, finished his master's degree and was studying for a doctor's degree. But most importantly, he made outstanding contributions to the successful launch of China shenzhou spaceship. Perhaps, people like Yuan Jiajun are not so rich in material life, but who can say that their efforts have not been richly rewarded? The meaning of their life is real and great.
However, we should also see that in real life, there are indeed some people who have a weak concept of hard work and do nothing all day and eat; Mediocre, not enterprising, wasted a good time. Some people are short-sighted and narrow-minded, limiting their struggle to personal interests and immediate interests, regardless of the needs of the motherland and the people. Such people will not be respected by the people, and such a life will not be a valuable life.
⑤ In the 2 1 century, if we want to seize the opportunity and accelerate development, we must always maintain a high spirit of struggle. Great cause and great practice require us to despise vulgarity, pursue sublimity, go out of ourselves, achieve greatness, be a noble person, a pure person, a person who is free from vulgar tastes and a person who is beneficial to the people. (The selected text has been changed)
(1) Pay attention to the words added below.
① Narrow () ② Poor ()
(2) The central argument of the article is: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
(3) The argumentation methods used in paragraph (4) of article ③ are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
(4) What does the concept of struggle added in paragraph (3) mean? (Answer with the original sentence of the article)
5] Why do people like Yuan Jiajun say that the meaning of life is real and great?
[6] What does the generous return mean in paragraph (3) of the article? Please answer simply according to your ideal.
(7) According to the underlined sentence pattern in paragraph (2), choose one word from friendship, understanding and innovation, and write a sentence instead of struggle. (Don't copy the original sentence)
⑵ ① I, ② Li è.
(2) Vigorously carry forward the spirit of struggle.
(3) Demonstration with examples (factual demonstration) and comparative demonstration.
(4) Integrate personal struggle into the struggle to realize the socialist modernization of the motherland.
Because they put the interests of the country and the people above their personal interests, they are not afraid of hardship, work where the motherland needs it most, and make contributions in their work.
[6] In their respective posts, they have made great contributions to the country and won the affirmation and respect of the people all over the country.
(7) This is an open topic with reasonable content and similar sentence patterns.