Garden City/KLOC-The idea of urban planning put forward by Howard E, a British social activist, has had a great influence on urban planning in many countries in the world since the beginning of the 20th century.

The Concept of Garden City In his book Tomorrow, the Road to Real Reform, Howard thinks that an ideal city with both urban and rural advantages should be built, which he calls "garden city". Garden city is essentially a combination of city and country. 19 19, after consulting Howard, the British "Garden City and Urban Planning Association" clearly put forward the meaning of garden city: garden city is a city designed for health, life and industry, and its scale can provide rich social life, but it should not exceed this level; It should be surrounded by permanent agricultural areas, and the land of the city belongs to le corbusier, le corbusier. 38+0887 19651October 6-1August 27, 965), formerly known as Charles Edouard Jeannert-Gris, is one of the most important architects in the 20th century and a radical and leader of modern architectural movement. He, together with walter gropius, Ludwig ludwig mies van der rohe and Frank Lloyd Wright, is called the four modern architects. Corbusier was born in a small town near the French border in northwest Switzerland. His parents are engaged in the manufacture of clocks and watches. When I was young, I studied in the watch technical school in my hometown, and I was interested in art. 1907 studied architecture in Budapest and Paris, studied under the famous architect Auguste Perret who used reinforced concrete in Paris, and then worked in Baehrens. Peter Behrens Affairs is famous for trying to design novel industrial buildings with new architectural treatment methods, where he met Gropius and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe who worked there at the same time. They influenced each other and jointly created the trend of modern architecture. He also went to Greece and Turkey and visited ancient buildings and folk buildings.

Corbusier settled in Paris on 19 17, engaged in painting and sculpture at the same time, co-edited the magazine "New Spirit" with neo-cubist painters and poets, and took the pen name of le corbusier according to his grandfather's surname. In the first issue, he wrote: "A new era has begun, which is rooted in a new spirit, a constructive and comprehensive new spirit with clear goals." Later, he sorted out some articles about architecture published in it, and published a solo book "Towards New Architecture", which vehemently denied the conservative architectural views and retro architectural styles since19th century, praised the achievements of modern industry, put forward that "our times decide our own styles every day" and praised the working methods of engineers. "Engineers are driven by economic laws and guided by mathematical formulas, so that we can be consistent with the laws of nature and achieve harmony." It puts forward that "housing is a living machine" and advocates building houses on a large scale by industrialized methods. "The primary task of architecture is to promote the reduction of construction costs and reduce the components of houses." Architectural design emphasizes that "the original form is a beautiful form" and praises simple geometric form.

1926, Corbusier put forward the famous "Five Points of New Architecture" for his own residential design. They are:

* Overhead on the ground floor;

* Roof garden;

* Free plane;

* horizontal long window;

* Free lifting.

According to the requirements of "Five Points of New Building", all the houses are designed with frame structure, and the walls are no longer load-bearing. Le corbusier gave full play to these characteristics. In the 1920s, he designed some residential buildings that were completely different from traditional buildings. Savoi Villa is a famous masterpiece. Corbusier's architectural design gives full play to the characteristics of frame structure. Because the wall is no longer load-bearing, he can design large horizontal long windows. Some of his designs were not accepted by people at that time, and many were rejected. However, these structures and design forms will be popularized and applied by other architects in the future, such as retreating apartments and exhibition halls with cable structures. He is a pioneer in many aspects of architectural design and has had a very wide influence on modern architectural design.

Le corbusier also put forward many ideas about urban planning. He opposed the trend of thought against big cities at that time and advocated brand-new urban planning. He believes that it is possible to maintain a high population density and form a quiet and hygienic urban environment under the conditions of modern technology. He first proposed the idea of high-rise buildings and interchanges, which was very far-sighted. He always stood at the forefront of the development trend of architecture in the 1920s and 1930s, and promoted the modernization of architectural design and urban planning.

During World War II, he lived in the countryside and later went to work in India and Africa. After the war, his architectural design style changed obviously, from focusing on function to focusing on form. From attaching importance to modern industrial technology to attaching importance to folk architectural experience; From the pursuit of smooth to the pursuit of rough and old, and sometimes there is a primitive taste. Therefore, he is still in the leading position in the post-war new architectural genre. Until his death, his design ideas greatly inspired architects all over the world. His designs often cause great controversy. Notre Dame de Paris designed by him has a strange appearance, which makes the old school extremely angry, but it is regarded as a classic by the reformers. His plan for the headquarters of the League of Nations in Geneva caused a long debate among judges and was finally rejected by politicians. His Marseille apartment was sued by the French Landscape Protection Association and later became a local attraction; His planning and architectural design for Algiers was rejected by the municipal authorities, but later this step-by-step design method was adopted by many coastal countries in Africa and the Middle East.