Kay gaius julius caesar, the representative of civilian slave owners, was one of the covetous of the autocratic throne. He conquered Gaul, seized a lot of wealth, and used part of it to "help" the Roman civilian class, thus enjoying popularity among the people.
Julius Caesar has a large, loyal and reliable army. In 50 BC, the Senate dominated by optimates was worried that Julius Caesar would establish a dictatorship, so it refused to extend his term as governor of Gaul and asked him to demobilize his army.
Julius Caesar refused to accept this request and led the 1 army to Rome in 1 BC. The hostile faction headed by gnaeus pompeius was caught off guard and unable to resist, and fled to Greece.
Thus, the civil war between the two slave owners for political sovereignty began. After Caesar occupied Rome, he decided to annihilate Pompeii's main force in Spain, ensure the security of the rear and seize the strategic initiative in the war. He led six legions into Spain. Pompeii's army was leaderless and surrendered without serious resistance. Within two months, Julius Caesar occupied the whole of Spain.
In order to prepare for the decisive battle, he carried out the policy of equal rights between residents and Romans in all provinces, thus making his social foundation broader. The army suddenly increased to 28 legions. Pompeii had only nine legions in Greece.
In 49 BC, 165438+ October, Julius Caesar led seven legions to unexpectedly land in Greece. Another part of his expeditionary force failed to land because the enemy navy had the right to control the sea.
It was not until the spring of 48 BC that these troops joined Julius Caesar's army. Pompey did not take advantage of this favorable opportunity to annihilate Julius Caesar's army. However, Julius Caesar besieged several legions of Pompeii in Tirasi's barracks after the army met.
However, the siege lasted for three months, but it didn't work, so we had to retreat to TieSaglia. Pompeii followed. In August of the same year, the two armies fought a decisive battle in Faselas, and Julius Caesar's army completely defeated Pompeii's army.
Pompeii was killed in Egypt shortly after fleeing the battlefield. Three days after Pompeii's death, Caesar's army followed him to land in Egypt. Caesar intervened in the civil strife in Egypt, defeated King Ptolemy's army and helped Queen Cleopatra ascend to the throne.
Later, he attacked and defeated the Parthians who occupied part of Roman territory. In 46 BC, Julius Caesar landed in Africa again and defeated optimates' army near Tapsus. Then, he moved to Spain and defeated the forces of Pompeii's two sons in the Battle of Mengda in 45 BC, thus successfully ending the civil war.
The main result of this Roman civil war was the establishment of military dictatorship. Slave owners believe that this military dictatorship is the only feasible way to maintain their political rule. Julius Caesar's dictatorship relied on an army that grew to 40 legions during the war. During the Roman Civil War, military art was further developed. As an outstanding commander-in-chief, Caesar played a great role in this respect. He is good at directing wars according to different political, economic and military situations, and he can assess the situation and make foresight when solving strategic problems.
The characteristics of Roman art of war are: being good at choosing the main attack direction, cleverly dividing the enemy and breaking them one by one. Julius Caesar's troops usually concentrate on the enemy's side when they meet the enemy quickly, boldly and flexibly. There are usually strong reserves in battle formations. As an important part of battle formation, reserve is used to strengthen the assault force of troops in the main attack direction, which is a pioneering work.