It transforms painting from objective natural representation to subjective spiritual expression, which embodies the aesthetic concept of impressionist painting independence. Impressionism opposes western classical traditional painting in artistic spirit and emphasizes the creation of artistic forms in the new era; They don't pay much attention to the thematic expression of reality, and suggest that life and objective images should be naturally and casually expressed; They are divorced from the social and educational functions that traditional art pays attention to, from the realistic plot and drama structure of artistic expression, and exclude the narrative literary content. They pay attention to the painter's self-feeling and conscious expression of the real situation, are good at visually and objectively reproducing and describing the living state and existing form of the real situation, and change painting from objective natural reproduction to subjective spiritual expression, so as to cater to the aesthetic needs of emerging citizens and strive to embody the independent aesthetic concept of Impressionist painting. Impressionism is not against taking nature as a teacher, but only emphasizes "don't lose the first impression you feel". Impressionists believe that "memory" and "imagination" can be "liberated from the bondage of nature". Cezanne also reminded painters to "avoid literary tendency" and exclude narrative literary content from painting. The simplicity and truthfulness of pissarro's Peasant Girl and the agility and vividness of Shepherdess embody "taking nature as a teacher" and describe "my first impression". The devotion and emotion of degas horse racing, the leisure and chic of riding and walking, and the joy and ecstasy of ballet dancers on the stage are superimposed with "memory" and "imagination" in an attempt to "liberate from the bondage of nature". Cezanne's Curved Tree is open-minded and wild, Bridge over the Mana River is quiet and pure, and Giant Pine on the outskirts of Aix is concise and open-minded, following the "color logic". Impressionist painters walked out of the traditional artistic tendency with "sociological function" and entered the social life at that time with "independence of painting". Manet's outstanding genre paintings, such as "Coffee Concert Singer in Cafe" and "Foley Baker Tavern", are representative works in this respect. Lautreck, despite his aristocratic background, expressed reality with irony. The nightlife of the upper class in Paris described by him has no elegant and noble life interest, but a degenerate, filthy and deceptive world. The revelry in the hustle and bustle in "His Ball at Moulin Rouge" and the meditation and helplessness of the characters in "Sayoko the Clown" are really painful groans. Here, we can also understand that Impressionism can't really reverse the "sociological function" in traditional art. Impressionism lives in a society full of contradictions, and even if it repeatedly emphasizes the aesthetic concept of painting independence, it can't really step into "independence" that is divorced from "sociological function".

two

It pays attention to the integration of light, color, shape, meaning and beauty in painting, and embodies the main characteristics of the combination of impressionist art and optics. Impressionist painting has made a breakthrough in the expression of light and color, seeking form in light and color, eulogizing meaning and beauty in light and color, understanding the dialectical relationship between light, color, shape, meaning and beauty in painting language, introducing flickering sunshine and subtle shadows into the picture, and making painting fresh, bright and full of vitality. In impressionist painting, light and color are the basic painting language, artistic elements, fast-flowing musical melody and slow-flowing cultural symbols. Light and color are the artistic starting points of form, meaning and beauty, and form, meaning and beauty are all shaped, expressed and displayed in light and color. The most basic painting technique of impressionist painters is to explore an effective method to break through the single and seemingly unchangeable "inherent" color of objects; They try to capture the instantaneous color of objects at a specific time, which is influenced by certain environmental conditions, spatial distance and other objects around them. They began with painting water and vividly described the color reflected by water waves. They further extend to the expression of light and color from architecture to the sky. Impressionists' exploration of light and color benefited from scientists' new discovery of the nature of light at the beginning of the19th century, which gave birth to the cultural leap produced by the combination of art and science. Monet repeatedly described Rouen Cathedral and haystacks in different periods, precisely to capture the instantaneous light and color. In this rare exhibition, "Rouen Cathedral, the door from the front, brown harmony" and "Rouen Cathedral, the effect of sunshine at night" are two of more than 30 oil paintings painted by Monet for the church. While painting these paintings, he wrote in a letter to his wife that he would make some new discoveries that he had never seen before every day, so he would soon make up for them, but at the same time he would lose something.

three

The juxtaposition, overlapping and complementary colors of primary colors are the new painting language of Impressionism. In order to express the dynamic changes of objects and colorful and bizarre light colors, impressionist painters adopted the method of juxtaposition of small strokes and tones. Some colors are no longer allocated on the palette, but the three primary colors of red, yellow and blue overlap side by side from time to time, and the red, green, yellow, purple, blue and orange complement each other, which makes the colors produce new harmony in the strong visual impact. Impressionism's new "light and color" technique has formed a new painting language, which is refreshing.

four

It is "moving the easel outdoors" and has become an important painting method of Impressionism. It is not a simple displacement of painting place, but a change of painting method, which changes the traditional western painting method to sketch the scene in the sun and capture and describe the subtle effect of the color of objects in the sun. Renoir likes to sketch models in the outdoor forest, so as to carefully study the green reflection and bright spot effect on the model's body and face. Renoir revealed the mystery of color blooming and flowing from the fresh natural scenery, and realized the beauty and harmony of color, the joy and change of sunshine, the rhythm and frankness of nature, and the clarity and warmth of life. Therefore, with the shadow under the umbrella, the crystal visual color and the sincere charm of non-visual color in Li Si's eyes, the summer capital is bright and beautiful in spring. Painting in the sun laid the foundation for the rise and development of impressionist painting in the way of painting.

five

It is to change the traditional western painting, learn from various painting schools, and leave the cultural track of impressionism knocking on the door of modern art in the 20th century. Impressionist artistic thoughts came into being with impressionist painting, which flourished in the surge of impressionist artistic thoughts. The rise of impressionism lies in the transformation of western traditional painting and the reference of various painting schools in the first half of the 9th century, including classicism, romanticism and realism. The rebellion of impressionist painting is manifested in many aspects. Impressionism soon formed its own artistic style, painting characteristics and cultural style. In the second half of the19th century, it was unique, but it also showed the limitations of its own artistic choice and cultural orientation, which led to confusion and division. In this process, Impressionism, New Impressionism and Post-Impressionism came into being one after another. After the decline of Impressionism, Neo-Impressionism and Post-Impressionism, Cubism and all kinds of rational abstract art in the 20th century have gained impetus from it. Impressionism, neo-impressionism and post-impressionism opened the door to modern art in the 20th century.