Second, what measures should be taken to avoid unreasonable delay in doctoral graduation? Because of the uncertainty of scientific research, any scientific research activities that limit time are unreasonable. Considering the differences of various disciplines, the current flexible system of doctoral education system is also effective and feasible. Through the analysis of the reasons for delaying doctoral graduation, it can be seen that due to the needs of discipline development and personnel training, it is reasonable to postpone appropriately, and at the same time, measures need to be taken to avoid or alleviate other unreasonable factors, which will be analyzed from three levels: schools, tutors and students.
1. Measures at the school level
(1) Make a two-way choice between tutors and students before entering school. The tutor is strict and the students are eager to graduate. This situation is often caused by students' ignorance of their tutors before entering school. It is necessary for the relevant departments of the school to introduce the objective information of the tutor to the students, such as project funds, published papers, academic exchanges and cooperation, academic influence, graduation standards and years. Let students find a suitable tutor according to their own conditions. In fact, most of the basic information of the above tutors can be obtained through the school website or the tutor's homepage, and you can also learn more details through the tutor's colleagues or students. The disclosure of information will make students apply for many famous and successful tutors, which seems to be unfavorable to other tutors. In fact, it is a good incentive to urge some tutors to improve their training methods and put more energy into scientific research and guiding students, so as to improve the overall level of doctoral training.
(2) Improve the overall treatment of doctoral students. Although the treatment of doctoral students has been greatly improved, there is still a certain gap compared with the on-the-job staff, and domestic universities generally stop granting subsidies after three years of doctoral study, which brings great economic burden to postponed doctoral students. If the treatment of doctoral students is solved by tutors after three years, and the treatment is improved to be equivalent to that of on-the-job personnel, tutors will naturally consider the cost of doctoral students' training, and the problem of delaying their defense as much as possible in order to make doctoral students work harder and earn more will be alleviated. At the same time, with the improvement of treatment, doctoral students will not be too resistant to continuing to work in the research group for a period of time, which can also explain why some foreign doctoral students are not very responsive to delaying graduation and even take the initiative to apply for extension.
(3) Adopt multi-index evaluation method to improve various scholarship systems. Applied doctoral students often go to the site for debugging and research according to the needs of the project, so the time for reading documents and writing papers is relatively reduced. At present, the graduation standards are mainly academic papers, which affects the graduation progress to some extent. Therefore, the school can consider introducing a multi-index assessment mechanism, with scientific research achievements such as papers, patents, awards and projects as quantitative indicators, and the specific quantitative standards will be evaluated by the academic degree committee of the school (college). At the same time, we should refine the existing funding regulations, increase the rewards for scientific research achievements other than papers, and encourage students to develop in all directions in a balanced way. The above-mentioned system reform will help to promote the cultivation of students' own professional advantages, give play to students' initiative and enthusiasm in scientific research, and improve the efficiency of scientific research.
(4) Introducing the index of students' delayed graduation into the tutor assessment system. If a doctoral student has studied for more than 3 years and meets the graduation requirements of the school and the tutor, if he chooses to postpone, the student will apply, the tutor will sign and the tutor will solve the problem of student treatment. In order to reflect the necessity of postponement, we can introduce the postponement index p, P=t/s, where t is the postponement time and s is the comprehensive academic score. We should choose the appropriate T and S according to the specific conditions of the discipline and team. P is too large, indicating that there is something wrong with the tutor training method, which needs to be adjusted and improved in time. The introduction of delay index can also effectively alleviate the situation that tutors occupy students' labor achievements by delaying graduation.
2. Mentor level measures
(1) Do a good job of guiding. Tutors should teach students in accordance with their aptitude according to their actual situation, such as interests, hobbies and knowledge structure. Let students play their greatest potential. Communicate with students regularly, track their progress and give targeted guidance.
(2) Strive to create an ideal research environment for students. Actively declare high-level scientific research projects, create an ideal research environment for software and hardware, and actively participate in international academic exchange activities (such as attending international conferences and visiting international scientific research institutions). ) provide doctoral students with opportunities to carry out high-level thesis research and foreign exchanges and broaden their academic horizons.
(3) mention your professional level. Tutors should keep learning new knowledge, catch the latest academic trends, encourage students to explore new fields and try new methods to help students solve practical problems.
(4) Properly handle the problem of student postponement. If the students are delayed because they fail to meet the standards, the tutor should give them help in time; If students have reached the graduation standard, whether to postpone it should respect their opinions and provide necessary conditions to solve their worries.
(5) Establish a reasonable academic points system. After students reach the school's doctoral graduation standards, if they want to get a doctoral degree, they must get the affirmation of their tutors. In order to embody the principle of fair and open doctoral training, tutors can establish academic points system according to the specific situation of the team as the basis for quantifying doctoral students' participation in defense. Among them, the standards that can be based on are the level of published papers, impact factors, other citation rates, and the author's signature weight. (This is only for theoretical doctoral students who focus on thesis, and applied doctoral students should be considered in other scientific research scores).
3. Measures at the student level
(1) Establish a correct learning attitude and improve the sense of competition. The road of scientific research is often not smooth sailing, nor is the road of doctor, which requires more hardships and efforts. In the past, the concept of "entrance is graduation" can only make it fall into the dilemma of graduation delay. At the same time, only by laying a solid professional foundation and achieving fruitful research results during the doctoral period will it be more conducive to stand out and make great achievements in future work.
(2) Fully understand the pre-selected tutors and their teams before entering the exam. Learn as much as possible about the personal information of the pre-selected tutor, as well as the academic environment and potential of the team, so that you can choose a tutor with similar aspirations for yourself. Whether the interests of teachers and students are consistent and the relationship is harmonious is one of the important factors for doctors to live a happy life. Moreover, choosing a mentor should not only look at its reputation and team strength, but also look at whether it is suitable for its own development.
Three. conclusion
The training quality of doctoral students not only reflects the scientific research level and innovation ability of colleges and universities, but also reflects the national economic development and scientific and technological development level. The emergence of the flexible treatment mechanism of doctoral education system is precisely to better improve the professional level of doctors, and we should give some support and understanding to the reasonable and appropriate extension. Similarly, for unreasonable delay, we should grasp the key point of the problem and solve and alleviate it from schools, tutors, students and other aspects.
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