The high probability of direct hit is the fundamental origin of the name of precision guided weapons, and it is also the most basic feature of precision guided weapons. At present, the hit probability of some representative precision-guided weapons can reach more than 80%, and the circular probability error of laser-guided bombs and TV-guided bombs is about 2 meters. For example, during the Gulf War, the US Air Force fired two Slam air-to-surface missiles at a distance of 100 km at a hydropower station in Iraq. As a result, two missiles broke into the power plant from the same hole one after another, completely destroying the target. Now, there have been precision guided weapons that completely rely on the kinetic energy of the projectile to directly destroy the target without charging the warhead at all. For example, the high-speed air defense missile developed by British Aerospace Corporation has a flying speed of Mach 4. The missile does not explode the warhead, but destroys the target by the kinetic energy of the missile flying at high speed.

(2) Have autonomous navigation ability.

With the development of electronic technology and the adoption of high-performance millimeter-wave guidance systems, infrared detectors and artificial intelligence computers, precision-guided weapons not only have a high probability of direct hit, but also usually have the ability of autonomous guidance whether they are launched or not. It can capture, track and attack the target independently by relying entirely on the guidance system on the missile, without the intervention of manual or other auxiliary equipment. For example, the American "Wasp" air-to-surface missile, due to the use of artificial intelligence technology and advanced signal processing technology, has already had the initial intelligent characteristics. It can identify whether it is the target to attack under the background of complex ground objects. If not, continue to search for the target; If so, further signal analysis is carried out to identify and judge whether the detected target is a real target or a background or a false target. If it is not a real target, the target search will be carried out again when the detector is loaded; If it is confirmed to be a real target, it is further judged whether the target is within the killing range of the warhead. If it is within the killing range, automatically estimate the optimal explosion height, detonate from the top of the tank and destroy the warhead; If it is not within the killing range, continue to lock the tracking target until it enters the effective killing range. If more than two missiles are found to be tracking the same target at the same time, the missiles tracked later will leave automatically immediately, and the detector will re-search, capture, track and attack new targets.

(3) Good operational efficiency

Although the technology of precision guided weapons is more complicated and the manufacturing cost is higher than that of general weapons, precision guided weapons have good operational efficiency and high economic benefits because of their high direct hit probability. Compared with unguided weapons, precision guided weapons consume less ammunition when completing the same combat mission, and the required combat cost is much lower than that of conventional ammunition. In the war between Britain and Oman, the Argentine Air Force sank a British navy destroyer "Sheffield" with only a $250,000 flying fish missile, which cost nearly $200 million. In this campaign, the Afghan army not only won a military victory, but also achieved considerable economic benefits.

Second, the influence of precision guided weapons on operations.

According to statistics, 98% of the weapons used by NATO in air strikes against Yugoslavia are precision-guided weapons, and they have shown excellent operational effectiveness. Western experts believe that precision guided weapons are new weapons that can replace tactical nuclear weapons and are of decisive significance to the victory or defeat of the war. It provides a new means to fight a war with the power of nuclear war without using nuclear weapons first or without using nuclear weapons. The influence of precision guided weapons on war operations is mainly manifested in the following aspects.

(1) Precision guided weapons have profoundly changed the combat style.

1, which makes it possible to strike beyond the line of sight, multi-mode and multi-target accurately.

Cruise missiles can strike more than 1000 kilometers, and can be launched from land, air and sea to strike various important strategic targets by themselves. For example, the Patriot ground-to-air missile in the United States is equipped with a phased array radar and a computer with 654.38+0000 times per second, which can track 50 ~ 654.38+000 targets at the same time, or control 9 missiles to attack targets in different directions and heights at the same time.

Protracted local wars will be replaced by quick decisions.

The most basic operational characteristics of precision guided weapons are fast, sensitive, efficient and quick decision-making ability. In previous local wars, according to statistics, the duration of the war is inversely proportional to the input of precision guided weapons. For example, in April 1986, the US Air Force sent a fleet from Britain, bypassed several European countries, and attacked the African country-Libya, pouring a large number of laser-guided bombs and "eye" cluster bombs. It destroyed the Aziz Barracks in Tripoli, the capital of Libya, the Libyan General Staff, the General Command of Terrorist Activities (the key target set by the United States), the training base of the navy commandos in the port of Diya Balalle, the military airport in Tripoli, the military airport in Benghazi and the Libyan barracks in Gaddafi's standby command. Interestingly, when the American plane returned from the air raid, Lijun organized fire to fight back. Just as the Libyan artillery fire was extremely lively, a White House spokesman announced the success of the air strike at a news conference. The air raid lasted only 30 minutes and a battle was over.

3. The suddenness of long-range fire attack has increased unprecedentedly.

Due to the continuous application of high technology, precision guided weapons can find and identify targets from a long distance and carry out precision strikes. The combination of long-range precision-guided weapons and long-range stereo reconnaissance and positioning system will make the reserves, command and control centers and rear bases assembled in the rear directly threatened by long-range precision-guided weapons, and the suddenness of long-range fire attack will increase unprecedentedly. Because precision-guided weapons have accurate long-range combat capability, limited collateral damage (also known as collateral damage), short combat duration and relatively reduced international influence of military operations, some big countries dare to "fight at once" and "operate" on key targets of hostile forces far from national borders. The destruction of military training bases in Afghanistan, "chemical plants" in Sudan and ammunition depots in Bosnia and Herzegovina are the best examples. This new situation, even the United States itself is worried that if nuclear weapons or long-range precision-guided weapons fall into the hands of irresponsible countries or terrorists, "the situation will be very serious."

4. Traditional heavy weapons are seriously threatened.

Large-scale weapons such as tanks, planes and warships will become the first choice targets of precision-guided weapons.

5. Advantages and disadvantages

Precision guided weapons have outstanding advantages and obvious weaknesses. High hit accuracy, which can effectively destroy point targets; High lethality and high cost-effectiveness ratio; There are many types and models, and the business scope is wide; Non-contact strikes can be carried out to reduce the loss of effective strength. However, the requirements for target reconnaissance and positioning are high, and the electronic system is vulnerable to interference and destruction, and is easily affected by the harsh battlefield environment. The technology is complex and the maintenance is difficult. Precision guided weapons have become the main weapons in high-tech wars, which have a vital impact on the strategy and tactics of modern operations, the comparison of forces and weapons and even the victory or defeat of wars. But no weapon can be perfect and invincible. As long as we avoid its strengths and attack its weaknesses, we can also say that precision-guided weapons are not allowed and lose their aim. This has been confirmed by actual combat.