The above is the answer method of 10 short answer question. The specific analysis is as follows:
The symbol of literary consciousness is from character evaluation to literary evaluation, from stylistic analysis to anthology compilation, and the establishment of new literary trends of thought.
Compared with literary creation, literary theory and criticism in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties were extremely prosperous. (Wei) Cao's Classic Essays, (Western Jin Dynasty) Lu Ji's, (Liang) Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long, (Liang) Shi Pin and other works, and (Liang)
The prosperity of literary theory and criticism is inseparable from the consciousness of literature. The consciousness of literature is a long process, which runs through the whole Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties and took about 300 years to realize. The so-called literary consciousness has three signs: first, literature is separated from the broad academic sense and becomes an independent category. The so-called literature in Han Dynasty refers to learning, especially Confucianism. Historical Records Xiaowu: "Learn Confucianism and recruit sages, Zhao Wan, Wang Zang, etc.". Seeing literature as a public office, I want to discuss the establishment of ancient Tang Ming in the south of the city. " The literature mentioned here obviously refers to scholarship. During the Southern Dynasties, literature had a new position independent of academics. Song Wendi has established four schools of thought, and literature is juxtaposed with Confucianism, metaphysics and history. Ye Fan's "The History of the Later Han Dynasty", "Biography of Wen Yuan" and "Scholars" are all important symbols. Meanwhile, there is a difference between writing and not writing. "Wen Xin Diao Zong Long Shu": "Now there are words and pens, thinking that those who have no rhyme are also pens, and those who have rhyme are also texts." This generation has shown a universal understanding. Emperor Liang Yuan further explained the difference between writing and not writing in Jin Lou Pian: "It's inconvenient, the poems are compiled like Yan, and the good deeds are played like Bo Song. If so, it is a pen. " Those who recite wind rumors, even those who mourn, are called articles. ..... If you are a writer, you just need to be full of enthusiasm, full of palaces, kissed on the lips, and wavered in mood. "The difference between words and words mentioned by Xiao Yi is not limited to rhyme, but emphasizes the characteristics of expressing feelings with emotion and moving people with emotion, and pays more attention to the formal beauty of language. The "literature" he said is close to the literature we say today. Secondly, we have made a detailed distinction between various genres of literature, and more importantly, we have a clear understanding of the system and style characteristics of various genres. Stylistic discrimination can be traced back to Hanshu as early as possible, while Dong Guan Han Ji, Cai Yong's Arbitrariness and Liu Xi's Interpretation of Names reflect the early consciousness of stylistic discrimination. A clearer and more conscious stylistic analysis began with Cao Pi's Dian Lun Wen. He divided the stylistic style into four branches, and pointed out their respective characteristics: elegance of reciting, principle of books, simplicity of inscription and beauty of poetry. Wen Fu further divides literary styles into ten categories, and discusses the characteristics of each category. It is particularly noteworthy that he divided poetry and fu into two categories, and pointed out the characteristics that "poetry is beautiful because of emotion, and fu is bright because of clarity". (Western Jin Dynasty) As far as the existing lost articles are concerned, Zhifu's "On Parting" deals with the 12 style, traces its origin, investigates its evolution, and lists some works for discussion, which is a step further than Cao Pi and Lu Ji. (Eastern Jin Dynasty) Li Chong's On Hanlin distinguishes style by style, which is a further discussion of style. In the Southern Dynasties, stylistic analysis was more in-depth and systematic. (Liang) Shuowen Jiezi is divided into 84 topics. Although trivial, it shows the meticulous degree of stylistic analysis. The stylistic distinction between Wen Xin Diao Long and Wen Xuan is not only systematic, but also deeply discussed. The first part of Wen Xin Diao Long mainly discusses the style, which is divided into 33 categories. His preface said: "Originally, it was based on the end of the table, the name was interpreted by Zhang Yi, the text was selected to determine the text, and the reason was used to unify. "Trace the origin of each style, describe its evolution, explain the meaning of its name, and give examples. Selected Works is a collection of literature compiled by style. Of course, there is a detailed analysis of style, which will be mentioned later. If there is only one confused literary concept and we can't distinguish it, it can't be regarded as a conscious understanding of literature, so stylistic analysis is an important symbol of literary consciousness. The third is the conscious pursuit of literary aesthetic characteristics. Without the characteristics of critical beauty, literature cannot be literature. The so-called literary consciousness is ultimately manifested in the conscious pursuit of aesthetic characteristics. As mentioned above, the beauty of "poetic rhyme", "poetic sentiment" and "expressive beauty" are already aesthetic pursuits. During the Southern Dynasties, the discovery of the four tones and their application in poetry, coupled with the emphasis on the dual use of things, proved that they had a more conscious pursuit of the formal beauty of language, which had an extremely important impact on the development of China literature, including poetry, parallel prose, ci and qu. "Wen Xin Diao Long" discusses the artistic characteristics of literary works in a large amount of space, involving emotion, temperament, kind words, comparison, exaggeration, calligraphy and many other aspects, and is a symbol of literary consciousness.