Raphael (1483 ~ 1520), Italian painter. 1483 was born in urbino on April 6th, and 1520 died in Rome on April 6th. Formerly known as Raphael St. George. He studied painting with his father (the court painter of the Duke of urbino) since childhood, then transferred to the school in perugino and started his career at 1500. Raphael's early works show extraordinary genius. The Wedding of the Virgin was painted at the age of 2 1 year, which not only shows that he fully absorbed the artistic essence of perugino, but also came from behind and made innovations in composition and image-building. In particular, the balance of the picture, the description of the background, and the dignified and elegant images of the Virgin Mary and her husband Yue Se are all rare in previous painters' works. From 1504 to 1508, he lived in Florence, where he was restored and influenced by politics, democratic spirit and humanistic thought. At the same time, he carefully understood the artistic characteristics of the masters of various painting schools, learned from others, especially devoted himself to studying Leonardo da Vinci's composition techniques and Michelangelo's human body performance and heroic style, which made his beautiful style with unique classical spirit mature day by day, thus quickly achieving great achievements on par with Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo. His series of portraits of the Virgin Mary are different from similar themes painted by medieval painters, and all of them embody humanistic thoughts with maternal warmth and youthful bodybuilding. Among them, Notre Dame de Orioles (Uffizi Art Museum in Florence), Notre Dame de Grasses (Vienna Museum of Art History) and Notre Dame de Gardens (Louvre Museum) are the most famous. 1512 ~1513 painted a large oil painting "The Sistine Madonna". The figures are similar in size to real people, and the triangle composed of the virgin and saints is solemn and balanced. The Madonna and Jesus are strong, showing the happiness and greatness of maternal love. The other, taller, is the statue of the Virgin of Frino in the form of an altar painting, as well as the statue of the Virgin of Chair and the Madonna of Alba later created, all of which are his perfect works. After 1509, he was invited by Pope Julius II to paint the murals of the Vatican Palace, among which the murals of the signature hall were the most outstanding. These paintings all over the walls and roofs of the hall represent four aspects of human spiritual activities: theology, philosophy, poetics and law. In addition to his unique painting style, his works also pay special attention to the full harmony between painting expression and architectural decoration, giving people a solemn and rich feeling. Other important works in this period include: Eliodoro was banished from the Temple and Bolshenna Mass in Eliodoro Hall, Fire of Porgo by the Fire Department, and Victory of Galatia by Fanesina Villa. The image-building and the use of light and color in these works have reached a new level, and they are known as the pinnacle of ancient and modern mural art.

His portraits have also achieved great success. Both form and spirit are full of charm. Most of them use the micro-side half-length posture to hide the background, and only the natural and friendly manner of the characters stands out in the picture. Representative works include The Image in Castiglio and The Image of a Woman in a Yarn. The former describes a scholar, personable, knowledgeable, and vividly displayed. The latter depicts a girl whose appearance is similar to the image of the Virgin in the author's works, but her elegant dress and strong figure appropriately represent the women in life. /kloc-in the spring of 0/520, he was seriously ill and was still painting the transfiguration of Christ. Although it was not completed, the part from his hand was still magnificent, indicating that he was still exploring, enriching and perfecting his own style at the last moment of his life.

Many Renaissance masters painted the Virgin Mary. However, none of them reached Raphael's versatility and delicate color in dealing with female images-mother. Comparing Notre Dame de Grande Duca and Seggia, it is obvious. In the first painting, young Maria is portrayed as a person lost in her inner world, which is infinitely far away from everything around her. The measured expression of her maternal feelings is expressed through her gentle gesture of holding the child's hand carefully. The latter is completely like a secular person, even slightly ordinary. However, her whole face is full of real human dignity and quiet elegance. The virgin has a beautiful face of an Italian peasant woman. She held her son in her arms and tried to protect him from pain. The young mother is not the traditional dress of Notre Dame, but the blatch worn by contemporary painters. She wore a plaid scarf on her head.

Rafael Sandro1483 was born in urbino and was influenced by humanism since childhood. When he was a teenager, he studied painting with the famous painter perugino and became famous in one fell swoop. His paintings are as famous as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, and he is one of the three outstanding figures in the Renaissance. Many of the ideal beauty he created, especially the image of female beauty, is beyond the reach of future generations.

When the young Raphael first arrived in Florence, his thoughts and feelings were simple, but he soon showed his own talent, that is, the talent to absorb and transform all kinds of potential possibilities. He made a smooth transition from umbria's sentimental traditional style to the magnificent style of grand drama scenes and became a painter who expressed human nature (in terms of painting skills, he also changed from line drawing style to painting style). Since then, his works have well preserved the female characteristics of his teacher perugino, and successfully integrated many achievements created by Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo. Although in the eyes of the world, he may lack the subtle and keen sensibility of Leonardo da Vinci, and even be inferior to Michelangelo in performance strength, his lucky golden mean, like his amiable personality, still makes his works shine and even become increasingly precious and rare.

In his short life, Raphael left a lot of masterpieces for later generations. His masterpieces include Engagement, Notre Dame, Notre Dame de Cardelino, Notre Dame de Canary, Athens College, Sacrament Debate, Santacecilia, Notre Dame de Sistine Chapel, and many other exquisite portraits. He left us as many as 400 sketches. Like Leonardo da Vinci, he first made a rough draft of the whole idea, and then described it in detail, so that all parts and contents of the picture were harmonious, balanced and almost ideological. In the use of sketching tools, he usually changes flexibly according to the needs of painting purposes.

Generally speaking, Raphael's art is full of love and stands at the top of the ideal artistic honor with a soft and elegant charm.