1. What is a specific language?
Concrete language helps readers understand what you have written by using tangible and concrete features and details. They are usually words that you can experience through sight, hearing, taste, touch or smell.
Concrete language is opposite to abstract language, which is more general and usually refers to intangible qualities and things that are not easy to measure, such as love, hate, fear or happiness.
The following example illustrates the difference between the two.
? Abstract language: We did some preparatory work yesterday, and finally it felt great.
In fact, if you are pouring cement for your new driveway and you tell your friends that you have "done some preparatory work", they may have a general understanding of what you have done, but this statement is vague.
And used the word "great". This is a feeling that cannot be easily measured. Therefore, this sentence contains abstract rather than concrete language.
Specific language: Adam and I finished formwork construction yesterday and reinforced the driveway.
This sentence is more effective because it uses specific language (such as "Adam and me", "form" and "steel bar") to provide specific details and help readers understand the key points.
2. Write a specific language in the following three ways.
# 1 Get rid of empty talk
Empty words are filler words used to increase the number of words in a paper. You know the types of words, such as "true", "very", "a lot", "very good", "basically" or "very".
Empty talk will not add anything to your writing. They just take up space. They are like your favorite sodas. They are full of calories that don't help your diet.
Find the empty words in the following sentences.
? There are many problems in the exam, which is really difficult because it is very difficult.
This sentence is too vague to use specific language. It uses empty phrases-"it's really hard", "a lot" and "it's hard". To modify, please add more specific word options.
In essence, it is to add oil and vinegar. This is an easy trap to fall into, especially when you try to reach the required number of words. But don't do it.
This is a sentence decorated in a specific language.
? I tried to finish the algebra exam in an hour, because three of the questions focused on quadratic equations.
? This sentence uses concrete language (algebra test, one-hour time limit, quadratic equation) instead of empty talk to help readers understand the exact meaning.
#2 Add specific details
To add specific details, consider xiu, don't say this phrase. Your English teacher has said it a thousand times ... with good reason. Adding specific details can not only make your reading more interesting, but also help readers understand the meaning of your writing.
Remember, although details are important, too many details are actually a bad thing.
This is an example of too much detail in a descriptive article:
? I put on my new purple flip-flops, purple vest and white shorts and walked to the beach. It was a beautiful sunny day. When I passed the souvenir stalls scattered on the sidewalk, I liked walking very much. It is filled with colorful T-shirts, key chains, beach blankets of various colors, water bottles and sunscreen. I stopped at a booth to look at the blue and white striped shirts, but the short woman behind the counter in a red vest skirt told me that they didn't fit my size. So I kept walking. Finally arrived at the seaside, I spread the red beach towel on the hot beach and sat down to see the blue sea.
This paragraph certainly contains a lot of details, but have you really learned anything from reading? Probably not. This is a paragraph full of descriptions for the sake of description.
How do you know what description and details to include?
Before deciding which details are important, please consider your purpose and audience.
That's what it means. If you are writing a narrative, your purpose is to tell a story. Although descriptive details are important in this type of writing, you should limit the details to the most important part of the story.
In other words, if the real plot of your story takes place on the plane, don't dwell on your long wait at the airport.
This is another example. If you are writing to the food service director to discuss the lack of healthy choices on campus, your readers only need to understand your concern about campus food. You don't need to provide detailed information about the course schedule or lunch time. These details are irrelevant.
#3 Determine the level of abstract wording
To put it simply: words can be changed from general to concrete. As a writer, your job is to choose the words that are most suitable for this situation.
Remember, it will depend on the purpose and audience.
Look at this basic example:
? General:? Clothing, footwear, shoes, women's shoes, high heels.
? Specific:? Stiletto heels
The word "footwear" is obviously more general than the word "stilettos". Which word you choose depends on what you wrote and why you wrote it.
Suppose you are writing a report detailing the results of the research. If you point out that the women in the study spend an average of $300 a year on footwear, you mean that the results include all footwear (boots, tennis shoes, dress shoes, sandals, and perhaps socks).
However, if this study actually only investigates the money that women spend on high heels every year, using the word "footwear" in your report will mislead your readers (and distort the research results).
Remember, effective writing needs to combine abstract and concrete language. It's up to you to decide how much detail to include and what level of abstraction or concrete language you will use.
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