Influence of scientific and technological progress on ecological environment. With the progress of science and technology and the development of productive forces, the level of human civilization is increasing. Technology has brought fundamental changes to our lives and times. Its progress in various fields has changed, revised and replaced our environment day by day, and a world of completely different behaviors and choices has appeared before us. [1]1The industrial revolution in the middle of the 8th century turned the world upside down. Industrialization has completely changed the production and lifestyle of human beings, and brought infinite happiness and expectation to human beings. However, it is not only the gospel that comes with the industrialized mode of production, but also the environmental deterioration and the shortage of resources, which make mankind with extraordinary development and huge consumption face the challenge of survival: according to the traditional mode of production and unrestrained consumption, how long can the resources provided by the earth to mankind last? How much garbage, waste and waste gas produced by human production and life can be accommodated in the "narrow" natural space? How many increasingly large people can the limited earth eventually carry? China's environmental and resource crisis is accompanied by industrialization. In order to achieve national equality and national development, modern China entered a transition period from agricultural civilization to industrial civilization, with a hundred years of turmoil and internal troubles and foreign invasion. It was not until the * * * Party in China came to power that the Chinese nation began its difficult industrialization movement. Before 1950s, China's industrialization had just started, its industrial base was weak, and the problem of environmental pollution remained outstanding. After 1950s, with the rapid development of large-scale industrialization and heavy industry, environmental problems began to appear, but at this time, the scope of pollution was still limited to urban areas, and the degree of pollution was limited. In 1980s, with the rapid development of reform and opening-up, economy and industrialization, China's domestic resources have been unable to support the sustained growth of traditional industrial civilization and the continuous expansion of the current production mode with high pollution, high consumption and low efficiency, resulting in an environmental crisis. Among them, the crisis between man and nature is mainly manifested in: shortage of resources, serious environmental pollution, etc. The crisis of interpersonal relationship affected by the moral relationship between man and natural environment is manifested in: intra-generational inequality (contemporary people have unequal opportunities to use nature and environment to meet their own interests. Intra-generational inequality is mainly reflected in the North-South issue or the imbalance between different regions within the same country) and intergenerational inequality (if we develop renewable resources faster than their regeneration speed now, it will destroy their regeneration, and our future generations will not be able to develop and utilize them).

Influence of economic development on ecological environment. Under the condition of market economy, people regard economic interests as the primary goal. Driven by economic interests, people compete to develop "free" or "low-cost" natural resources to reduce or even avoid environmental costs, thus leading to environmental crisis. For example, in Qinghai, people almost destroyed hundreds of kilometers of vegetation in Fiona Fang in order to obtain the few remaining "Nostoc flagelliforme" on land; In Inner Mongolia, a large area of grassland has been destroyed by goats, because the high price of cashmere can bring high profits to producers. As Marx said, "once there is a proper profit, capital will be bold." If there is a profit of 10%, use it everywhere; With a profit of 20%, it will be active; With a profit of 50%, you will take risks; For the profit of 100%, it dares to trample on all human laws; The profit is 200%, and I dare to commit any crime, even risking my head. " . It can be said that when a wild animal or plant is found to be profitable, it is on the verge of extinction. In order to get rid of poverty and become rich as soon as possible, some backward or remote areas try their best to develop local natural resources. For example, the residents in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in northwest Sichuan cut down trees indiscriminately, which directly triggered the once-in-a-century flood of 1998; In the early 1990s, in Ningxia grassland, local people frantically dug immature Sha Qi and licorice, resulting in the desertification of hundreds of thousands of acres of grassland. [2] There are countless examples of this kind of destruction of the environment for economic benefits, and the environmental crisis caused is immeasurable and sometimes irreversible. The environmental damage caused by people's pursuit of economic interests only cares about immediate interests and standard interests, but ignores the overall interests and long-term interests of society, which does not meet the requirements of modern environmental ethics. Scientific and technological progress and economic development have brought a happy life to mankind, but while enjoying the benefits of modern science and technology in transforming nature and developing economy, we have also tasted its negative effects.

In a word, we are facing a new crisis of environmental resources. The contradiction between man and nature and between people needs to be alleviated in time, and mankind needs the transformation of civilization. The 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to build an "ecological civilization", which is a further sublimation of our Party's scientific development and harmonious development concept. Ecological civilization refers to the sum of material and spiritual achievements made by human beings following the objective laws of harmonious development between man and nature and between man and society, and refers to a cultural and ethical form with harmonious coexistence, virtuous circle, all-round development and sustained prosperity as its basic purpose. Mankind has experienced primitive civilization, agricultural civilization and industrial civilization. A prominent feature of these traditional civilizations is anthropocentrism as the value orientation, and its essence is "anti-nature". In the era of industrial civilization, the values of "material consumption first, pleasure first" are pursued. With the progress of science and technology, human beings have taken various means to constantly seek wealth from nature, forgetting their love for nature and protection of the ecological environment, which has led to today's global environmental crisis. [3] Ecological civilization is a kind of sustainable moral civilization, which is developed on the basis of inheriting and criticizing industrial civilization. It emphasizes that human beings should maintain a harmonious relationship with nature while pursuing the right to health and productive life, and should not rely on technology and investment in their hands to exhaust resources, destroy ecology and pollute the environment; It is emphasized that when human beings pursue the development and consumption of this world, they should admit and strive to make future generations have equal opportunities with themselves, instead of allowing contemporary people to blindly and selfishly pursue their own development and consumption in this world and mercilessly deprive future generations of the same opportunities for life, consumption and development.

Second, the content and role of environmental ethics in the construction of ecological civilization

Environmental morality (also known as ecological morality) is a code of conduct between man and the natural environment. China Agenda 2 1 defines the ecological morality of China citizens as: 1. Everyone has the right to live a healthy and sound life, free from pollution and destruction, and bear the responsibility of protecting future generations to meet their survival needs. 2. All biological species on the earth have the right to live without pollution and destruction of their habitats, and human beings have the responsibility to protect the ecological environment. Everyone has the obligation to care about others and other lives. It is against human responsibility to destroy and violate the right to life of others and biological species. This immoral behavior should be banned.

Thoughts and ideas of environmental morality. Environmental morality based on ecological civilization emphasizes dealing with the relationship between man and nature. Oppose the anthropocentrism that man has absolute one-way power over nature, that man is the spirit of the universe, that the sun is born for man, that the stars shine for man, that nature exists for man, that man is the master of nature, and that man wants to conquer nature. Oppose the view that nature is priceless, ownerless and infinite; Oppose the exploitation and plunder of natural resources. Environmental morality advocates straightening out the relationship between man and nature and clarifying man's position in nature. What human beings do to nature is what they do to themselves, and human beings have obligations to nature. Under the ecological civilization, human and nature will move towards the future together. Neither man rules nature nor nature rules mankind, but they interact, depend on each other and penetrate each other on the premise of constantly satisfying the long-term interests of mankind. On the basis of respecting nature and maintaining ecological balance, human beings rationally develop nature, control human activities within the range that the ecosystem can bear, love and protect nature, maintain ecological balance, and actively transform and utilize nature. [④]

The production view of environmental morality. When people are engaged in production and economic activities, they should maximize production and economic benefits on the premise of paying equal attention to social and environmental benefits. It is necessary to change the traditional production mode of "raw materials-products-waste products" into the ecological mode of "raw materials-products-residues-products", that is, the circular economy mode. Circular economy is an advanced economic model that pursues greater economic benefits, less resource consumption and lower environmental pollution. It is the basis of realizing the organic combination of economic growth, social development and natural resources. It is a harmonious and environmentally friendly economic model and an inevitable choice for environmental protection in all countries of the world. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen the ethical constraints in the field of production. First of all, enterprises should play an important leading role in environmental protection, especially in promoting the use of environmental protection technologies. In recent years, with the increasingly serious environmental pollution, ecological production technology has been highly valued by people and developed very rapidly. However, at present, the application of eco-production technology in the production of enterprises in China is not sufficient, which requires enterprises to overcome ecological short-sightedness and let the constantly improving eco-technology really play its role. Secondly, enterprises should take the research and development of "green products" as the leading direction in the production process. The production of green products by enterprises will not only reflect their sense of social responsibility and promote the development of "green market", but also help to promote environmental protection publicity and education and improve the ecological awareness of the whole society. Third, according to the principle of "whoever pollutes should control", enterprises should be brave enough to take the responsibility of controlling the environment, and they should not shirk their responsibilities, let alone take immoral actions to pass on the ecological crisis.

Environmental moral consumption view. 1994, the United Nations Environment Programme put forward in the Policy Factors of Sustainable Consumption that sustainable consumption is "to provide services and related products that meet the basic needs of human beings, improve the quality of life, reduce the use of toxic substances in natural resources, and minimize the waste and pollution generated during the life cycle of services or products, so as not to endanger the needs of future generations." Sustainable consumption requires guiding people to choose a reasonable lifestyle. Human lifestyle usually refers to the basic style to meet its various needs. With the advent of the era of scientific and technological civilization, people often judge the quality of life by the number of physical objects owned by individuals and the satisfaction of personal needs for physical objects. [5] This judgment leads to inhuman consumption fashion in society, which is manifested by one-sided emphasis on material consumption. Therefore, people should change their consumption patterns and concepts and advocate green consumption. Green consumption is "a kind of consumption form which aims at' nature, harmony and health' and is beneficial to human health and social environment". [6] It is embodied in three aspects: First, consumer civilization. We should regard consumption behavior as a means and condition for personal development and perfection, instead of turning it into the purpose of life and abandoning the value concept of "consumption first". Second, consumption is harmless. People are required to avoid or minimize the pollution and damage to the ecological environment in all aspects of consumption activities, from product design, production, packaging and sales to consumption in different ways. Third, moderate consumption. In other words, it is necessary to establish a scientific and reasonable consumption structure, choose the correct consumption mode, advocate moderate consumption, and at the same time maintain the appropriate growth rate of people's consumption scale.

Environmental moral education is a code of conduct education for maintaining human survival and sustainable economic development and correctly handling the relationship between man and nature. It is the basis of transforming objective environmental moral principles and norms into people's personal environmental moral quality, and it is an indispensable and important practical activity to cultivate people's good environmental moral quality. Agenda 2 1 Century pointed out that "education is the key to promote sustainable development and improve people's ability to solve environmental and development problems. Education is indispensable for changing people's attitudes, cultivating environmental awareness and moral awareness, and cultivating values and attitudes, technologies and behaviors that are in line with sustainable development and effective public participation in decision-making. " Only moral education can improve people's environmental moral quality and consciousness, and play an active role in protecting the environment, implementing the strategy of sustainable development and moving towards ecological civilization.

Third, the status quo and problems of environmental moral education

Environmental problems not only destroy the natural environment on which human beings depend, but also directly lead to complex ethical consequences. To restore these ethical relations destroyed by the environmental crisis, we must vigorously carry out environmental education, especially environmental moral education. Traditional moral education only educates people to deal with all kinds of interpersonal and social relations, but does not give ethical evaluation to the behavior of human beings pointing to natural entities and directly acting on the ecological environment. The purpose and principle of moral education determined by environmental moral education are different from this. It teaches people that not only people's social behavior, but also people's natural behavior of the environment should be evaluated ethically. It is necessary to correctly handle the interest relationship between people, individuals and society, and correctly treat the communication behavior and interest relationship between people and nature, and put people in the correct position of nature. [7] In recent years, environmental ethics has become a common concern in the field of environmental ethics. However, there is not much research on environmental moral education, and the practice of environmental moral education is also very weak or lacking. In the leadership, environmental moral education is paid attention to in words, but ignored in action. Many leading cadres only pay attention to environmental issues in words and reports, and pay less attention to environmental issues in practical work. In all kinds of schools, there is almost no special environmental moral education, but in the teaching of related courses, sometimes some fragmented environmental moral concepts are mentioned. In media propaganda, although there are some advocates of environmental ethics, they are not strong enough and have incomplete knowledge. Affected by this environment, family environmental moral education is even more lacking. The present situation of environmental moral education leads to the low overall level of public environmental morality in China. Although in recent years, with the increasingly serious environmental crisis, the public has a certain degree of understanding of the significance of environmental protection and the harm of environmental pollution, as well as some scientific knowledge of environmental protection and some basic environmental ethics, but it is still not satisfactory; In addition, although many people have established a clear concept of environmental morality, their awareness of participating in environmental protection is weak, and they are not fully aware of the role played by their actions and the responsibilities they should bear.

Environmental moral education is a very immature subject in China, and there are still many problems to be solved urgently: the public's lack of understanding of environmental problems has affected the development of environmental moral education; Lack of systematic environmental moral knowledge teaching materials, all walks of life can not carry out complete environmental moral education; Teachers are scarce, and the training of teachers has not been put on the agenda; The society has failed to implement environmental moral education as an important measure to improve the quality of future citizens in basic education, and has failed to truly realize the extensive and profound moral connotation of environmental education.

Fourth, implement environmental moral education.

According to the law of the formation and development of environmental moral education, environmental moral education is carried out through various ways and means, so that all sectors of society can gradually establish environmental moral awareness and develop environmental moral habits, thus consciously fulfilling environmental moral obligations.

(1) The content of education.

Popularize knowledge of ecological environment and environmental law. The survival and development of mankind cannot be separated from the support of nature. People should love, respect and understand nature; Only by mastering the laws of nature can we correctly use the laws to meet human needs and improve the quality of human life. Only with rich knowledge of ecological environment, environmental law and environmental morality can we love nature, sincerely pursue the protection of nature and achieve the purpose of protecting the ecological environment. Therefore, it has become the central task of environmental moral education to systematically impart ecological environment knowledge, environmental law and environmental moral knowledge.

Instill new environmental moral values. The concept of ecological civilization and sustainable development has greatly expanded the connotation of traditional values. First of all, we should reveal the intrinsic value of nature to people, let people regard nature as a partner of human beings, produce an attitude of protecting and respecting nature, and produce feelings of being close to nature and an attitude of caring for nature. Secondly, guide contemporary people to establish the concept of sustainable development, consciously safeguard the development rights of the next generation, learn to correctly handle the interests between contemporary people, between contemporary people and future generations, and between man and nature, and truly enjoy resources on an equal basis.

Guide people to establish a reasonable view of interests. Interest is the driving force of people's behavior. Morality and interests are both opposite and unified. Correctly treating interests is the starting point of all morality. As a norm to regulate the relationship between people and society, the basic principle of environmental morality is that the overall and long-term interests of ecology are above everything else, and we should pay attention to the mutual benefit and coordinated development of various elements in nature. Environmental ethics puts us in a challenging dilemma, because they may require us to give up some material ideals, that is, our life should reach a certain level and carry out various activities to maintain this level. Therefore, while developing economy and pursuing material benefits, we should not neglect ecological benefits at the expense of destroying the environment. Human beings should readjust the relationship between man and nature and the distribution of interests, and reposition some industries with the principle of ecological priority.

Advocate the concept of moderate consumption and green consumption. When developing and utilizing natural resources, human beings must consider its finiteness and non-renewability. Even if it can be regenerated, it should be given a breathing space to recuperate. We should vigorously publicize and guide people to buy green products that are harmless to the environment and human health and meet the requirements of environmental protection in production and use, cultivate the emotion and market of green consumption, and fundamentally put an end to one-time consumption. In short, we emphasize: "Nature can provide resources for human survival, and what human beings consume can be decomposed and absorbed by nature, become beneficial nutrients for the development of nature, and then return to human beings with more wealth. In this way, a virtuous circle of society-man-nature is formed. Only in this way can the sustainable development of mankind be realized.

(2) the way of education.

Social environment education. In social education, we should form a multi-level, multi-form and all-round social publicity and education pattern. First of all, we should raise the awareness of leading cadres at all levels and pay more attention to environmental ethics. Leaders at all levels are the decision makers of the Party's principles and policies, laws and regulations and major social and economic issues, and play a decision-making role in environmental moral construction. Leaders' environmental awareness and environmental moral level directly affect the whole society and the general public. Therefore, it is our primary task to do a good job in environmental moral education for leaders. It is necessary to make use of various training courses for leading cadres such as party schools and administrative colleges to hold lectures on environmental education, so as to improve leaders' environmental awareness and environmental ethics, and then stimulate their enthusiasm for taking the lead in protecting the environment. [8] At the same time, we should also carry out publicity and education on environmental protection, environmental science and environmental ethics among the masses, so that environmental ethics education will become a compulsory course for all the public, and the whole society will pay attention to and take action to protect the environment. Make full use of environmental protection departments and propaganda media to popularize scientific knowledge of ecological environment. The environmental protection department has publicized the data and cases of environmental conditions, which has aroused widespread concern of the society about environmental issues. Public opinion propaganda has been carried out by means of popular science lectures, blackboard newspaper propaganda and video education, which has strengthened the publicity and education of environmental ethics and deepened the environmental ethics awareness of the whole society.

Environmental education in schools. School is a special place to educate and train national builders and managers, and it is duty-bound to shape students' environmental moral quality and plays a vital role. Students are the hope and future of the motherland, and cultivating students' environmental morality is the key to improve the environmental morality of the whole nation. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out environmental moral education according to the educational characteristics of various schools. Schools should incorporate environmental moral education into the school education system, offer relevant compulsory courses or elective courses, and improve students' environmental awareness and environmental moral awareness. It is a long-term strategic task of environmental protection to carry out extensive and in-depth environmental protection and moral education for them.

Family education. Family education is the starting point of a person's lifelong education. Family education plays an important role in educating people. Family education is the most important content of family social responsibility. Family education should include environmental moral education, guide children to start from childhood, start from scratch, consciously abide by the code of conduct, and cultivate good environmental moral literacy. In family environmental education, the content of environmental moral education can be taught to children in a colorful and lively way. Environmental moral education can also be carried out through various practical activities. For example, you can take part in the annual publicity activities such as "World Environment Day", "Arbor Day" and "Bird-loving Week" to cultivate children's good environmental moral awareness and understand certain environmental protection knowledge.

Environmental moral education is a wide-ranging work, and the departments of propaganda, education, news, publishing, literature and art should coordinate and cooperate to carry out this educational activity in depth, pay close attention to it, and make environmental morality deeply rooted in people's hearts. Form a good social atmosphere in which everyone cares for and protects the environment, leaders take the lead, entrepreneurs start from their own enterprises, citizens start from their side, and students start from small things, and strive to create a harmonious and beautiful ecological environment between man and nature.