Pu Songling was a famous writer in Qing Dynasty. I'm sure you haven't seen Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio and you must have heard of it. Besides Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, Pu Songling also has a large number of poems and plays. It is said that * * * has 2 million words, and this achievement is also remarkable. It can be said that Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio made strange stories popular again, and its influence continues to this day. Now, it can still be seen in many movies and literary works. I believe everyone will also be curious about what Pu Songling has experienced in his life. Friends who want to know come and have a look.

It is puzzling why a person with literary status, after repeated battles and defeats in the imperial examinations, has been a private school teacher for almost all his life, and he is not qualified to be a one-year-old scholar until he is over 70 years old. This is really weird.

1, forced to suspend his studies due to family disputes 1640 Pu Songling was born in a small landlord and businessman family. He has four sons because of his poor family. His father can't afford a private school teacher, so he has to teach his children to read and study. Pu Songling is smart, precocious and wise, with excellent reaction and memory, and is deeply loved by his parents. 19-year-old Pu Songling, who took part in the boy's test, won three first places in county, politics and Taoism, and became a scholar in one fell swoop.

Alas, since then, good luck has never looked after him again. In the 14th year of Shunzhi (1657), he married his daughter Liu. 1660 took the rural exam for the first time and was unexpectedly unsuccessful. Three years later, I rallied and lost again. According to his own "A Walk in Liu Ru", his wife Liu Ru is very virtuous and deeply loved by her in-laws. Sister-in-law is a shrew and jealous of Liu Ruren. She said with several other sisters-in-law that her in-laws were eccentric and gave things to people privately, so they couldn't live a normal life and had to break up.

In fact, these are all appearances. The real problem is that Pu Songling studies for exams year after year, and he can't go out to earn money. He had to depend on several brothers financially. After he failed in several exams, his brothers lost confidence in him and naturally refused to pay for him.

During the separation, the evil sister-in-law took away all the good fields and houses left by her ancestors. The land allocated to Pu Songling is the worst and can't produce much in a year. Because he has a family and his first child, he faces heavy economic pressure.

After being separated from his family, he had to work as a teacher in a private school in the village, and soon became an assistant at the invitation of his friend Sun Hui. A year later, in order to take the rural exam next year, I returned to my hometown. In order to support his family, he studied for the exam while teaching. At that time, he was in his early thirties and had great illusions about the imperial examination and official career. Little did he know that he took part in the provincial examination again, but he still failed in Sun Shan.

In the following decades, he continued to take the provincial examination, but he never passed it. In this way, he became a private school teacher who had been preparing for almost his whole life.

At the age of 39, Pu Songling came to Bijiyou's home in Xipu Village of this county as a teacher, and unconsciously worked in Gaby for 30 years. He will not only teach Bi's eight grandchildren to read and learn to be noisy, but also accompany them to Jinan to catch the exam. Pu Songling's writing style is good, and he became the spokesperson of Bi family. Pu Songling wrote all the entertainment words of Bijia.

For ancient literati, apart from being an official, there seems to be only one way out: writing books and saying things.

Master Bi appreciates him very much, values him very much and treats him very well. He can read 50,000 books at home, and arrange the quietest and most suitable place for reading for Pu Songling. The paper, ink and lamps used for writing books all meet his needs. Under such conditions and environment, although Pu Songling pays attention to preparing for the exam from time to time, he spends more energy on reading and writing. In modern terms, it is creation.

In order to collect materials extensively, he laid a reed mat under the big tree near the highway and arranged tea and cigarettes. All passers-by who pass by here provide tea and cigarettes for free. There is only one requirement, let them tell one or two folk stories. In this way, day after day, year after year, after 20 years of hard work, he finally wrote the famous collection of short stories "Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio".

There are 49 1 short stories in the book, with a wide range of topics and extremely rich contents. Most of the works strongly criticized the corruption and darkness of the society at that time by talking about foxes and ghosts, exposed social contradictions to a certain extent and expressed people's wishes. Has the artistic charm of never getting tired of reading.

1709, Pu Songling, who had been a private school teacher for almost all his life, decided to retire and go home. At that time, he was seventy years old, forgetful, deaf, his teeth chattered, he was blind in one eye, and he was riddled with rheumatism.

3. Analysis of the causes of repeated failures in scientific research. First of all, officialdom is dark. It is estimated that the selection of candidates in the imperial examination generally focuses on background and relationship, and does not really emphasize real talent and practical learning.

Secondly, Pu Songling is an uninhibited person who doesn't pay attention to details. At that time, the exam was mainly an eight-part essay, and each essay consisted of eight parts: solving questions, answering questions, giving lectures, starting and starting stocks, middle stocks, late stocks and binding stocks. The format of the article is rigid, and even the number of words is stipulated. Pu Songling likes to write articles by feeling since he was a child, but he doesn't like to write articles according to the routine of eight-part essay. It is estimated that he did not have strict requirements when he took the first two juvenile exams of the county government, and he easily achieved good results.

For the third time, examiner Shi hated stereotyped writing and liked Pu Songling's articles with no more than eight words, which were rated as the first. Unfortunately, when Pu Songling took the exam, all he met were rigid examiners who clung to the same dogma. It is not surprising that he wrote eight-part essays with a sense of story and more than the specified number of words, and all of them were graded by the examiner in another paper.

Finally, there is a problem with his own direction. Although he was obsessed with the imperial examination, he didn't spend too much energy and time on it. It is estimated that he was too confident in the exam and failed to sum up the lessons after so many failures.

He spent a lot of energy and time collecting information and writing novels and stories. In addition, he also wrote Nong Sang Jing, meteorological poem Watching Elephants and Playing, medical poem Medicine Insect Book and Selected Poems of Seven Laws. Except for novels and stories, other things written are of average level and have little influence.

17 1 1 year, Pu Songling, who was over 70 years old, went to Qingzhou to take the tribute examination and finally passed the examination. In ancient times, every other year or two or three years, the local government would send a long-serving Lin to study in imperial academy, which was called Sui Gong. Because most of them are promoted in turn, so there is the saying of "getting tribute". My humble opinion is that Pu Songling is becoming more and more famous, and he is in his twilight years. Did those examiners give him a consolation prize?

Social public schools in Qing Dynasty were divided into several levels, the national level was imperial academy, the provincial level was Fu Xue, and the county level was the most basic level. A 30-year-old student is a senior intellectual at the local level. Pu Songling, who was qualified as a tribute student at the age of 20, became a "Confucian scholar". "Confucianism" is the deputy section chief of the county school, which is an empty title in plain English.

In his later years, Pu Songling's descendants probably thought that he was dying and invited a painter to paint his portrait. In the painting, he is dressed in the royal costume of a young student, sitting in a chair, holding the armrest of the chair with one hand and touching the moustache with the other, as if dreaming and losing his expression. He wrote a sentence on his portrait, "... what did he achieve, and suddenly he went bald? Iseya is ashamed of his grandson. "

Fill in the blanks at the end of the article: Lost in the East Corner, Harvest Sang Yu. Pu Songling bid farewell to scientific research as a 20-year-old Gong Sheng. Although somewhat shabby, he was radiant and ascended the throne of China's short stories. Guo Moruo once commented on him as "writing ghosts and writing demons is superior, stabbing greed and stabbing abuse." In the author's eyes, his life is very meaningful, better than being a champion!