Thomas Alva Edison is a world-famous American electrician and inventor. In addition to his inventions and contributions in phonograph, electric light, telephone, telegraph and film, he also has many famous creations and opinions in mining, construction and chemical industry. Edison had about 2,000 inventions in his life, which made great contributions to the progress of human civilization.

Edison was born in1February, 847 1 1, Milan, Ohio, in the midwest of the United States. My father is descended from Dutch, and my mother is a primary school teacher, descended from Scots. When Edison was 7 years old, his father lost money in the tile business and his family moved to Grady Otterborg in the northern suburb of Huron, Michigan. Shortly after moving here, Edison suffered from scarlet fever and was ill for a long time. It is believed that this disease is the cause of his deafness. Edison went to school at the age of 8, but after only three months of study, he was dismissed as an "imbecile" by the teacher and kicked out of school. Since then, his mother has been his "mentor". Because of his mother's good educational methods, he took a keen interest in reading. He not only reads widely, but also reads all kinds of books. At the age of eight, he read the works of Shakespeare and Dickens, the most important playwrights in the English Renaissance, and many important historical books. By the age of nine, he could quickly read difficult books, such as Parker's philosophy of nature and experiment. 10 years old, he loved chemistry. At the age of 1 1, he experimented with his first telegram. In order to make money to buy chemicals and equipment, he began to work. At the age of 12, he got a job selling newspapers on the train, commuting between Port Huron and Detroit, Michigan. While selling newspapers, he also deals in fruits and vegetables. Whenever he is free, he goes to the library to read books. He bought an old printing press and began to publish his own weekly newspaper, The Herald. The first issue of this weekly is printed on the train. With the money he earned, he set up a chemistry laboratory on the baggage car. Unfortunately, once a chemical caught fire, he and his equipment were thrown out of the car. Another time, when Edison tried to board a freight train, a conductor grabbed him by the ear and helped him get on the train. This action led to Edison's lifelong deafness.

1862 In August, Edison rescued a dying boy on the train track with fearless heroism. The child's father is grateful for this, but he is willing to teach him telegraph technology because he has no money to reward him. Since then, Edison has forged an indissoluble bond with this mysterious new electric world and embarked on a scientific journey.

1863, Edison worked as a telecom operator in Stratford Hub Station, the main railway line. From 1864 to 1867, I worked as a telegraph operator in all parts of the central and western regions and lived a life similar to wandering. Footprints include Stratford, Adrian, fort wayne, Indianapolis, Cincinnati, Nashville, Tennessee, Memphis, Louisville and Huron.

1868, Edison came to Boston as a telegraph operator. In the same year, he obtained the first invention patent. This is a device for automatically recording votes. Edison thought that this device could speed up the work of Congress and would be very popular. However, a member of Congress told him that they had no intention to speed up the agenda, and sometimes voting was slow because of political needs. From then on, Edison decided never to make any inventions that people didn't need.

At the beginning of June 1869, he came to new york to look for a job. While he was waiting for a summons in the broker's office, a telegram broke down. Edison was the only person there who could repair the telegraph, so he got a better job than he expected. On June+10, 65438, he and Pop established "Pop-Edison Company", which specializes in scientific instruments for electrical engineering. Here, he invented "Edison Universal Printing Machine". He dedicated this printing machine to the manager of a big company on Wall Street. He wanted to charge 5000 dollars, but he didn't have the courage to say it. So he asked the manager to give a price, and the manager gave 40 thousand yuan.

Edison used the money to build a factory in Ward Street, Newark, New Jersey, which specializes in manufacturing all kinds of motors. He worked all night. He trained many capable assistants, and at the same time, he happened to meet diligent Mary, his first bride in the future. In Newark, he invented wax paper and mimeograph. From 1872 to 1875, Edison invented the two-pole and four-pole telegraph successively, and helped others to make the world's first English typewriter.

1in the spring of 876, Edison moved to Menlo Park, New Jersey again. He built the first "invention factory" here, which "marked the beginning of collective research". 1877, Edison improved the telephone invented by Bell and put it into practical use. He also invented the phonograph, one of his favorite projects. Telephone and telegraph "are a revolution to expand human sensory functions"; The phonograph is one of the three great inventions that have changed people's lives. "From the imagination of the invention, this is his extremely significant invention achievement." At this time, people called him "the magician of Monroe Park".

When Edison invented the phonograph, after numerous failures, he finally made a breakthrough in the study of electric lights. 1879, 10 year1October 22nd, Edison lit the first electric lamp with wide practical value. In order to prolong the life of the filament, he tried more than 6,000 kinds of fiber materials and found a new luminous body-Japanese bamboo filament, which can last for more than 1000 hours and achieve the purpose of durability. To some extent, this invention is the pinnacle of Edison's life. Then, he created a power supply system, which made the distant lights distribute electricity from the central power station, which was a great technical achievement.

His first discovery in pure science appeared in 1883. When testing the electric lamp, he observed what he called the Edison effect: in a lighted bulb, charge travels from the hot filament through space to the cold plate. Edison applied for a patent for this discovery in 1884, but did not study it further. Scientists nearby developed the electronic industry, especially radio and television, by using the Edison effect.

Edison tried to do for his eyes what the phonograph did for his ears, and the movie camera was born here. Using a piece of celluloid film newly invented by George Heasman, he took a series of photos and projected them on the curtain quickly and continuously, creating the illusion of movement. He experimented with movies for the first time in the laboratories of 1889 and 189 1. 1903, his company produced the first feature film great train robbery. Edison did a lot of work for the establishment and standardization of the film industry.

After Edison moved his laboratory to West Orange in 1887, he founded many commercial companies, manufactured products and popularized his various inventions. These companies later merged into Edison General Electric Company, which was later called General Electric Company. Since then, his interests have turned to fluorescence, ore mashers, magnetic separation of iron, storage batteries and railway signaling devices.

During World War I, he developed a torpedo device, a flamethrower and an underwater periscope.

1929 10 2 1 On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the invention of electric light, people held a grand celebration for Edison, and famous scientists such as Einstein of Germany and Madame Curie of France congratulated him one after another. Unfortunately, at this celebration, Edison suddenly fainted because of excessive excitement when he gave a reply. Since then, his health has gone from bad to worse 193 1 year1October 18 The scientist who made great contributions to mankind died of illness at the age of 84.

Edison's cultural level is extremely low, but his contribution to mankind is so great. What is the secret here? In addition to curiosity, he also has an instinct to experiment by himself, that is, he has unlimited energy and courage to work hard beyond ordinary people. When someone called Edison a "genius", he explained: "Genius is 2% inspiration and 98% sweat." He organized many people of different professions in the "invention factory", including more than 65,438+000 scientists, engineers, technicians and workers. Many of Edison's great inventions were achieved by collective strength. His achievements are mainly attributed to his diligence, creativity and collective strength. In addition, his wife also played a very important role.

Joule seeking knowledge

Joule, a famous British scientist, loved physics since he was a child. He often does some experiments about electricity and heat by himself.

One holiday, Joule and his brother traveled to the suburbs. Joule, who is clever and studious, never forgets to do his physics experiments even when he is playing.

He found a lame horse, led by his brother, and quietly hid behind him. He used a volt battery to electrify the horse, trying to see how the animals reacted after being stimulated by the current. As a result, the reaction he wanted to see appeared. The horse jumped wildly after being shocked and almost kicked its younger brother.

Although the danger has appeared, it has not affected the mood of little Joule who loves to do experiments. He and giggle rowed to the lake surrounded by mountains, where Joule wanted to try the echo. They filled the musket with gunpowder and then pulled the trigger. Who knows "bang", a long flame spouted from the muzzle and burned Joule's eyebrows, almost scaring my brother into the lake.

At this time, the sky was covered with thick clouds, lightning and thunder. Joule, who just wanted to go ashore to take shelter from the rain, found that it took a long time to hear the thunder after every lightning. What happened?

Joule didn't take shelter from the rain, dragging his brother up a hill and carefully recording the time of lightning and thunder with his pocket watch.

2. Knowledge-self-improvement

Prague, an English physicist, was poor when he was a child. With his unremitting pursuit of his dreams and tenacious efforts, he finally made great achievements. And the poor years he experienced became the driving force that inspired him to move on in the future.

When he was studying at school, his parents could not buy him nice clothes and comfortable shoes because of the poor economic conditions at home. He is often in rags, dragging a pair of worn leather shoes that don't match his feet. But young Prague never felt inferior because of poverty, and he never complained that his family could not provide him with superior living conditions. Those oversized shoes look ridiculous on his feet, but he doesn't feel inferior. On the contrary, he cherishes these shoes very much, because they can bring him unlimited motivation.

It turns out that this pair of shoes was given to him by his father. The family is poor, so we can't buy him a pair of comfortable and strong shoes. Even these old leather shoes are his father's. Although the father was also full of guilt, he still gave his son ardent hope, unparalleled encouragement and strong emotional support. His father wrote in his letter ... I'm sorry, son. I hope in a year or two, my shoes won't be too big on your feet. "... I hope that once you achieve something, I will be proud of it, because my son works hard in my broken shoes. ..... "This letter with profound meaning and full of expectation has always been like an invisible force, pushing Prague to walk on the rugged scientific mountain road and step on thorns. Galileo's story

Galileo was born in Pisa, Italy on 1564, next to the famous leaning tower of Pisa. His father is a bankrupt aristocrat. When Galileo came into this world, his family was already poor. /kloc-At the age of 0/7, Galileo was admitted to the University of Pisa. In college, Galileo not only studied hard, but also liked to ask questions to his teachers. Even if it is something that people are used to, he will get to the bottom of it, and it will be clear at a glance.

Keep your eyes on the ceiling

Once, he stood in the Catholic church in Pisa, staring at the ceiling, motionless. What is he doing? It turned out that he followed the pulse of his left hand with his right hand and looked at the light swinging back and forth on the ceiling. He found that although the swing of the lamp is getting weaker and weaker, the distance of each swing is gradually shortened, but the time required for each swing is the same. So Galileo made a pendulum with a suitable length to measure the speed and uniformity of the pulse. From here, he discovered the law of pendulum. This clock is made according to the law he discovered.

If you drop out of school, study hard.

The poverty of family life forced Galileo to leave college early. After dropping out of school, Galileo still studied hard at home. Thanks to his continuous efforts, he has made excellent achievements in mathematics research. At the same time, he also invented the pycnometer and wrote a paper entitled "The Center of Gravity of Solids". At this time, Galileo, 2 1 year-old, has become famous all over the country, and people call him "the contemporary Archimedes". At the age of 25, Pisa University made an exception and hired him as a professor of mathematics.

The world-famous falling body experiment

Before Galileo, Aristotle in ancient Greece thought that the speed of falling objects was different. Its falling speed is proportional to its weight. The heavier the object, the faster it falls. For example, an object weighing 10 kg falls 1 0 times faster than an object weighing1kg.

Since 1700 years ago, people have always regarded this theory that violates the laws of nature as an indisputable truth. Young Galileo boldly questioned Aristotle's theory based on his own empirical reasoning. After careful consideration, he decided to do an experiment by himself. He chose the Leaning Tower of Pisa as the experimental field. On this day, he brought two iron balls with the same size but different weights, one of which weighed 100 Jin and was solid; The other one weighs 1 kg and is hollow. Galileo stood on the leaning tower of Pisa and looked under it. The tower was crowded with people who came to watch, and everyone was talking about it. Someone sarcastically said, "This young man must be crazy! Aristotle's theory cannot be wrong! " The experiment began. Galileo took an iron ball in each hand and shouted, "Look carefully, people below, the iron ball is going to fall." With that, he opened his hands at the same time. People saw two iron balls falling in parallel and falling to the ground almost at the same time. All the people were dumbfounded. Galileo's experiment revealed the secret of falling body movement and overthrew Aristotle's theory. This experiment is of epoch-making significance in the history of physics development.

Made the first telescope.

Copernicus was an outstanding Polish astronomer. After 40 years of astronomical observation, he put forward "Heliocentrism". He thinks that the center of the universe is the sun, not the earth. The earth is an ordinary planet, which revolves around the sun while rotating. Galileo believed in Copernicus' "Heliocentrism" very early. 1608 One day in June, Galileo discovered an empty tube with a convex mirror embedded in one end and a concave mirror embedded in the other end, and made the world's first small astronomical telescope. Experiments show that it can enlarge the original object three times. Galileo was not satisfied, so he further improved and made another one. He took this telescope and ran to the seaside, only to see the vast sea rolling and not seeing a boat. However, when he picked up the telescope and looked into the distance, a ship was coming to the shore from a distance. Practice has proved that it can be enlarged by 8 times. Galileo continued to improve and manufacture, and finally, his telescope could enlarge the original 32 times.

Confirmed Copernicus' Heliocentrism

Every night, Galileo used his telescope to observe the moon. He saw mountains, deep valleys and volcanic cracks on the moon. Later, I began to observe space and explore the mysteries of the universe. He found that the Milky Way is made up of many small stars. He also found that there are black spots in the sun, and the positions of these black spots are constantly changing. So he concluded that the sun itself was spinning. Galileo buried his head in observation and proved with irrefutable facts that the earth revolves around the sun, and the sun is just an ordinary star, thus proving the correctness of Copernicus' theory. 16 10, Galileo published the famous Star Messenger. People admire and say, "Columbus discovered the new continent and Galileo discovered the new universe."

Andersen

Andersen is a famous Danish fairy tale writer in the19th century and the founder of world literary fairy tales. He was born in a poor shoemaker's family in odense. He studied in a charity school and was an apprentice in his early years. Influenced by his father and folk oral literature, he loved literature since childhood. 1 1 years old, my father died of illness and my mother remarried. In order to pursue art, he came to Copenhagen alone at the age of 14. After eight years of struggle, I finally showed my talent in the poetic drama Alfonso. Therefore, he was sent to Srager Segrammar School and Helsingo School for free by the Royal Art Theatre. It lasted for five years. 1828 went to Gorhagen University. I haven't had a job since graduation, and I mainly rely on the manuscript fee to make a living. 1838, he won a writer's prize-an unofficial allowance from the state for 200 yuan every year. Andersen never got married, and died at the home of his friend and businessman Melchior on August 4th, 1875.

Mao Zedong

Mao Zedong, a great man, walked more than 20 miles to borrow books from relatives and friends because he had no money to buy books when he was a child. Go out to herd cattle during the day and study hard under the dim soybean oil lamp at night. It is this spirit of pursuing knowledge and perseverance that has given him lofty ideals and ambitions and made him an outstanding people's leader in China. Gorky, a famous writer, has experienced the bitterness of the world since he was a child. Although he was tired of work, he refused to give up reading for a moment. He often plagiarized other people's works at the urging of his boss and eventually became a famous writer. Edison, a great American inventor, couldn't afford books and experimental equipment at home when he was a child, so he collected bottles and cans everywhere. Once, he did an experiment on the train and accidentally caused an explosion. The conductor slapped him in the face and he was deaf. The hardships of life and physical defects did not discourage him. He studied harder and eventually became a world-famous scientist.

When it comes to successful celebrities, Einstein often comes to mind first, not only because he is a world-famous master of physics, but also because the theory of relativity has made outstanding contributions to enhancing the thinking of the human universe, and more because I like him very much, like his innocent, lively, humorous and naughty side, an old urchin who sticks out his tongue to take pictures. A word can change a person's life. His brain is amazing. He is known as a giant among scientists, and his academic experience is not magical at all. He is even considered an "imbecile". At the age of four or five, he still can't talk very well. He likes to sit quietly and often stays in a daze. His parents once thought that he was mentally retarded. The performance of primary schools is really as bad as predicted. Except for being good at math, everyone else is poor, and always comes last in the class. The teacher even bluntly said to the parents, "No matter what you do, your child will accomplish nothing anyway." Dead wood was finally dropped out of school and didn't even get a high school diploma. After all, Ains succeeded. After many twists and turns, he entered Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. The two keys to success are his uncle's insight and his parents' full trust. His uncle, an engineer, made him more and more interested in mathematics and physics, and the more he understood, the more he felt fulfilled. His parents firmly believe that his son will succeed and let a child who was once regarded as mentally retarded embark on a bright new journey in life. Sugar, a great writer, I am too familiar with it! Like literature, of course, he has a lot of works to read. During his lifetime, he wrote 47 novels, 2/kloc-0 poems and 30 historical biographies. His works are rich and refined, which not only produced epoch-making influence in the history of English novels, but also brought new impetus to the Russian, French and American literary circles at that time. With such high-quality success, his achievements are hard to see. Suffering from polio, his right foot was inconvenient to move, and he was weak. He almost died after several serious illnesses. He felt a little inferior, and his grades were not as good as others, so he became a "schoolmaster". His words and deeds are often rude, he likes to be absent from class, and his final comments are very bad. Only one teacher knows that although he hates homework, he is full of interest in reading and encourages him, which is also a turning point in his life. After becoming famous, Sugert visited his alma mater in primary school and asked the school teacher affectionately, "Who is the child with the worst grades in school now?" He learned from his intimate teachers who valued him in those years and told the blushing child: "You are a good boy, and I was just like you in those years. Don't lose heart. " Then he took a gold coin out of his pocket and gave it to him. One sentence changed a person's life, and it came true for Su Gert. He finally graduated from Edinburgh University and became a practicing lawyer. With good wishes, he hopes that his words can also change other people's lives. When it comes to celebrities, the first thing that comes to mind is Einstein, not only because he is a world-famous physicist, because the theory of relativity has made outstanding contributions to enhancing the thinking of the human universe, but also because I like him very much, like his innocent, lively, humorous and naughty side, an old urchin who sticks out his tongue to take pictures. A word can change a person's life. His brain is amazing. He is known as a giant among scientists, and his academic experience is not magical at all. He is even considered an "imbecile". At the age of four or five, he still can't talk very well. He likes to sit quietly and often stays in a daze. His parents once thought that he was mentally retarded. The performance of primary schools is really as bad as predicted. Except for being good at math, everyone else is poor, and always comes last in the class. The teacher even bluntly said to the parents, "No matter what you do, your child will accomplish nothing anyway." Dead wood was finally dropped out of school and didn't even get a high school diploma. After all, Ains succeeded. After many twists and turns, he entered Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. The two keys to success are his uncle's insight and his parents' full trust. His uncle, an engineer, made him more and more interested in mathematics and physics, and the more he understood, the more he felt fulfilled. His parents firmly believe that his son will succeed and let a child who was once regarded as mentally retarded embark on a bright new journey in life. Sugar, a great writer, I am too familiar with it! Like literature, of course, he has a lot of works to read. During his lifetime, he wrote 47 novels, 2/kloc-0 poems and 30 historical biographies. His works are rich and refined, which not only produced epoch-making influence in the history of English novels, but also brought new impetus to the Russian, French and American literary circles at that time. With such high-quality success, his achievements are hard to see. Suffering from polio, his right foot was inconvenient to move, and he was weak. He almost died after several serious illnesses. He felt a little inferior, and his grades were not as good as others, so he became a "schoolmaster". His words and deeds are often rude, he likes to be absent from class, and his final comments are very bad. Only one teacher knows that although he hates homework, he is full of interest in reading and encourages him, which is also a turning point in his life. After becoming famous, Sugert visited his alma mater in primary school and asked the school teacher affectionately, "Who is the child with the worst grades in school now?" He learned from his intimate teachers who valued him in those years and told the blushing child: "You are a good boy, and I was just like you in those years. Don't lose heart. " Then he took a gold coin out of his pocket and gave it to him. One sentence changed a person's life, and it came true for Su Gert. He finally graduated from Edinburgh University and became a practicing lawyer. With good wishes, he hopes that his words can also change other people's lives. Celebrity success stories