The chapter "Native Nature" is probably the general introduction of this book. Fei Xiaotong defined the grassroots of China society as local. This chapter describes the foundation of China society, which is also the foundation of the whole book. The pattern of post-poor writing and the root of gemeinschaft all lie in this "local".

B. the illiteracy of fellow villagers is an intellectual problem, not a knowledge problem. Rural society is a community facing each other. Long-term coexistence enables them to recognize each other by their footsteps even if they don't face each other, and the ability of writing to convey information has its limitations, which requires certain grammar to stipulate its correct use. So illiteracy is not out of "stupidity", but because of the nature of rural society.

C China's expansion is monogamous, that is, it only includes one aspect of paternal line. Western families take husband and wife as the main axis, while China takes father and son as the main axis. In rural society, people of the same sex and the same age stay together, which is a character cultivated by society.

D. The chapter of "Rule by Rites and Order" holds that the rural society is a society governing by doing nothing, and it can be said that there is no law. If we limit the law to the rules maintained by state power; But the lack of law does not affect the order of this society, because rural society is a society of "rule by courtesy".

E. In a stable society, geography is only the projection of consanguinity, which is inseparable. When the population moves because of reproduction, the new land it goes to will also have some connection with the old land it came from, such as naming the new land after the old land. It is difficult for a new guest in a village to be regarded as "one of their own". It is more convenient to bargain, settle accounts and do business with others, and it is inhuman to develop business.