As a higher-level category of human resources, college graduates' employment process is the most important link in the allocation of high-level human resources in the country. At present, the employment of college graduates has become a common concern of the society. It is difficult for graduates to find good jobs, which has become a common feeling among college students, colleges and parents. Where is the difficulty of college students' employment? Is the employment difficulty brought about by the expansion of enrollment in colleges and universities nationwide?

First, the employment status of college graduates and analysis

(A) The employment situation of college graduates is grim

With the continuous expansion of colleges and universities in recent years, the number of graduates has increased dramatically. The number of graduates in 2002 was 1.45 million, and in 2003 it was 21.20 million. In 2004, the number of graduates reached the historical peak of college students' employment, with a net increase of 680,000 or 32% compared with 2003. It is estimated that the number of graduates in 2005 will reach 3,454,380+200,000. According to the figures released by the Ministry of Education, in July 2002, there were 500,000 graduates waiting for employment in China, which reached 700,000 in July 2003. From a national perspective, the economic structure is being adjusted and the allocation of resources is being optimized. A large number of workers in some state-owned enterprises are laid off and employed. At the same time, the rural surplus labor force is shifting to non-agricultural fields, and the scale of its flow to cities is expanding. According to the data of the Ministry of Labor and Social Security, in 2003, there were 24 million urban laborers in China, including 6 million laid-off workers from state-owned enterprises and collective enterprises, and nearly 8 million registered unemployed people. This brings great pressure to the employment of college students, and the situation is getting more and more severe.

(B) the employment structure of college graduates is unreasonable

There are structural contradictions in graduate employment, including regional structure and professional structure. Employment is affected by economic development. In relatively developed areas, the employment situation is good, there are many talents, and employment channels are relatively smooth. However, in the underdeveloped areas in the west, the employment situation is relatively bad, and talents are lacking and cannot be retained, which leads to brain drain and slow economic development.

In the specialty structure, there is a contradiction between the specialty setting of the school and the market demand. In the past, under the planned economy, China's colleges and universities implemented the "all-in-one system and all-in-one system". Graduates are not worried about not having a job after graduation. For a long time, colleges and universities have not paid attention to the combination of specialty setting and market. The country implements the economic system reform, implements the market economy, and changes the past "all-inclusive and all-separate" into "two-way choice and independent job selection". The problems formed under the planned economy system were immediately exposed, such as the weak concept of seeking market and information, and the backward concept of employment guidance. Moreover, the school's professional settings and teaching methods are not suitable for social and economic development. In recent years, some schools pursue short-term effects, ignore the strength of their own schools, and blindly set up some popular majors, resulting in an oversupply of talents; On the other hand, some colleges and universities are not sensitive to the market, and they fail to adjust their enrollment in time for some unpopular majors and those with little social demand, and reform the course content, teaching process and teaching methods, which leads to the unemployment of students before graduation.

(C) the employment market for college graduates is not perfect

With the country's reform of the employment system for college graduates, graduates' job selection has also changed from "unified contracting and separation" to "two-way choice". All over the country, various forms of talent "supply and demand meetings" have sprung up, but the market mechanism is still not perfect and some institutional obstacles still exist. At present, the employment of colleges and universities in China is managed by the education department, the registered permanent residence is managed by the public security department, and the talent market is managed by the personnel and labor department. The lack of communication between these departments, coupled with local protectionism in some areas, has given the green light to local graduates and imposed various conditions on some foreign graduates. A truly fair, competitive, merit-based and orderly job market has not yet been established, the service guarantee system has not been perfected, and the institutional obstacles have not really been eliminated.

(D) Employers blindly spend high amounts of talents.

The high consumption of talents by employers is also a reason why it is difficult for college students to find jobs at present. Some employers do not proceed from reality, blindly raise the standards of employment, and pursue high talent consumption and high academic qualifications. What college students can do must be done by undergraduates, and what undergraduates do must be done by master students. This practice of blindly raising employment standards has caused a waste of talents and brought difficulties to graduates' employment. Some employers lack a talent training mechanism, hoping to play a role and create value as soon as they enter a talent. Therefore, they attach great importance to work experience, and think that fresh graduates only have theoretical knowledge in books, and their practical ability is poor. They don't want to accept fresh graduates, and they don't want to spend time training them.

(E) College employment guidance lags behind.

Colleges and universities lack an effective employment mechanism and an imperfect employment guidance system. Many colleges and universities' employment guidance institutions are subordinate to the student management department, or just separated from the relevant departments. Their management scope is relatively small, the staff lack professional ability, the quality of employment guidance for graduates is not high, and the form of employment guidance courses is monotonous. Some are only offered when students are in their senior year, and employment guidance does not run through the whole process of the university.

(6) There are problems in college students' employment concept.

Graduates' employment concept has not changed fundamentally, with high employment expectations and a big gap between ideal and reality. The performance is that graduates overestimate themselves, but their eyes are high and their eyes are low. Too high demands on salary and benefits, regardless of their own conditions, leading to employers dare not accept; One-sided pursuit of big cities, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and other big cities, unwilling to go to some small cities for development; If you choose too many units, you must be an official, attach importance to state organs and large units, and are not interested in some small enterprises, resulting in high success and low success.

(seven) the quality of college students themselves

In recent years, with the expansion of colleges and universities, the number of college students is increasing, and the student base is also high. In addition, the software and hardware facilities in colleges and universities have not kept up, which has brought about a decline in the quality of students. Some students get good grades, but their hands-on ability is poor. Some students have strong practical ability and adaptability, but their academic performance is poor, and they can't pass Grade 4 and Grade 2, and they have lost contact with the employer.

Second, the countermeasures to solve the employment problem of college students

The reasons for college students' employment difficulties are very complicated, which also implies deep-seated social problems. Under the current new situation, solving the employment problem of college graduates still needs the efforts of the government, schools and the whole society. To solve these problems, it is impossible to do it overnight. Only through the efforts of the whole society, we can innovate ideas, improve systems and working methods, and deepen reform.

(1) The government should continue to deepen reform and improve the job market.

To solve the employment problem in colleges and universities, the government should strengthen economic regulation and give more preferential treatment to college students who go to the western region and some key units and industries with difficult conditions, and take measures to encourage college students to work in those places.

In improving the job market, government departments should take effective measures to eliminate institutional obstacles. By deepening the reform, gradually abolish the policies and systems that hinder students' employment; Governments at all levels should liberalize various policy restrictions in the process of graduates' employment, strengthen coordination and communication among departments, actively dredge employment channels, and constantly improve the employment market.

The government should also strengthen the guidance of running colleges and universities, strengthen the macro-prediction of talents and the adjustment of specialty setting, regulate the training scale of all kinds of talents, guide the reform of colleges and universities, and avoid blindly setting majors in colleges and universities. In addition, the government should give full play to the advantages of self-control and actively provide necessary information services and employment guidance for colleges and students.

(2) Employers should establish a scientific concept of talents.

All employers should change their concept of talents, not blindly pursue the high consumption of talents, let those doctors and masters decorate the facade, but reasonably replace redundant personnel according to their actual situation. Employers should consider in the long run and establish a talent reserve mechanism. College graduates lack practical experience, so it takes a process to cultivate and form an echelon. In short, employers should change the concept of talents and give full play to their talents.

(C) Colleges and universities should strengthen internal reform

College graduates are the ultimate "products" of college output. Their employment rate and employment level is an important symbol of the success of a college, which is related to students' social reputation and source of students, and also affects students' learning motivation and learning mood. Therefore, schools should deepen internal reform.

Colleges and universities should actively adapt to the market, adjust the professional structure in time, strengthen the construction of basic and applied disciplines, constantly update the teaching content, attach importance to the reform of teaching methods, improve the teaching quality and cultivate high-quality graduates; At the same time, according to market demand, new majors are opened and specialty settings are flexibly adjusted.

Colleges and universities should establish an effective employment mechanism for college students. Straighten out the employment guidance system, establish a relatively independent employment guidance organization, enrich personnel and equipment, and fully expand the functions of the organization. We should not only manage employment, but also strengthen market investigation and research on employment, grasp the characteristics, laws and development trends of this work, and formulate and implement employment guidance programs. Employment guidance institutions should fully understand the market demand and put forward constructive suggestions when it comes to the adjustment of the professional structure of schools, so as to finally promote the full employment of talents trained by schools.

(D) Strengthen employment guidance for college students.

The purpose of employment guidance is to promote graduates' full and reasonable employment. Employment guidance runs through the whole process of college life. According to the law of students' growth and development, the process of university education is divided into several stages, the work priorities are determined respectively, and the employment work contents in different stages are arranged reasonably. According to the students' own situation, strengthen the career planning and design for college students, and let them know what preparations to make to achieve their goals. Infiltrate employment guidance into teaching, strengthen students' self-study consciousness, let students know the development prospect of their field, and thus improve their practical ability. To strengthen the construction of employment guidance course, we should fully consider the integration of theory with practice in the selection of teaching materials, and introduce multimedia technology into the teaching form to make it vivid and attractive to students. At the same time, the career guidance course should take various forms, such as inviting some excellent enterprises and institutions to give reports, setting up simulated recruitment activities, paying attention to the use of network resources and setting up online forums for teachers and students to discuss online.

(5) College students should improve their own quality and update their employment concept.

At present, the fierce competition in the job market is actually the competition of ability and quality, and college students should take the initiative in employment in their own hands. In my college career, I want to improve my overall quality, make full use of the platform of colleges and universities, constantly shape myself, improve myself, and pay attention to cultivating my practical ability while improving my academic performance.

With the change of employment situation, college students should update their employment concepts, get rid of those old concepts, liberate themselves from those rules and regulations, turn their eyes from the original state organs and key units to those private enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises, and the employment areas will turn from those economically developed areas to the western regions and economically underdeveloped areas, where they can give full play to their talents. In addition, college students should clearly understand the employment situation, actively learn and master employment skills, improve their ability to choose jobs, correctly understand themselves, and reasonably determine their employment expectations. Only in this way can we straighten our position and take the initiative in the employment competition.

In a word, whether the employment problem of college students can be solved is related to the life and death of a university and the reform and development of higher education. To solve this problem, we should actively respond to the market, broaden employment channels and update employment concepts under the guidance of the government and through the joint efforts of the whole society.