Textile is an ancient and energetic science, which plays an important role in the history of human civilization. Historically, the textile industry in China has played an important role in the political, economic and cultural development of China. At the same time, China's textile technology and culture have made outstanding contributions to the world textile industry through the Silk Road, and promoted the development and economic and cultural exchanges of the textile industry in China and other countries.
First, the importance of textile industry in China's economic development
(A) the significance of the textile industry to the economic development of China.
China is the largest producer and exporter of textiles and clothing in the world. The sustained and steady growth of textile and clothing exports is very important to ensure China's foreign exchange reserves, international balance of payments, the stability of RMB exchange rate, social employment and the sustainable development of textile industry. With the rapid development of China's economy, China's textile industry has not only created a large number of jobs for China's labor force, but also created domestic consumer groups with the ability to pay.
(B) the impact of the textile industry on China's economic development
Since the reform and opening up, China's textile industry has developed rapidly and has obvious comparative advantages in the world. It has played an important role in increasing national economic accumulation, solving employment, improving people's living standards, earning foreign exchange through export and supporting industries, and at the same time, it has actively promoted the solution of the three rural issues and the improvement of rural urbanization. With the continuous growth of domestic demand and the expansion of the international market, the textile industry will still be in a state of rapid growth.
Second, the present situation of textile industry development in China
(A) China textile industry development achievements
At present, China has the largest textile industry system in the world, and its industrial chain is relatively complete. From the production of textile raw materials (including natural and chemical fibers), textile, weaving, dyeing and finishing to clothing and other textile processing, it has formed upstream and downstream connection and supporting production, becoming the world's largest textile and clothing producer and exporter.
2005 is an extraordinary year for China textile industry. This year is a year of great development of China's textile industry. According to preliminary estimates, the sales revenue of the whole industry will reach 3.3 trillion yuan, and the profit will reach 66 billion yuan, ranking fifth among all industries in China. This year is also the first year when the global quotas system was abolished. The cancellation of the quota has made China's textile industry even more powerful, and its competitiveness has been greatly demonstrated. China's textile exports exceeded $ 1000 billion for the first time; It was also in this year that the textile and garment industry became the most concerned industry at home and abroad. The extraordinary performance of China's textiles and clothing in international trade triggered a series of trade frictions, which triggered a frenzy of European and American restrictions on China's textiles. With the efforts of the two governments, these problems have been solved temporarily; This year is the last year of the tenth five-year plan. Summarizing the experience and shortcomings of textile economy in the past five years, especially in 2005, will also provide better development ideas for the next five-year plan.
Judging from the textile achievements, after many calculations, the sales output value of the textile industry in the whole society in 2000 was 65.438+05.3 billion yuan, and it is expected to be 3.3 trillion yuan in 2005, with an average annual growth of 654.38+06.6% in five years. In 2000, the fiber processing capacity was13.6 million tons, and it is expected to reach 26 million tons in 2005. The growth rate of fiber processing is also unprecedented. Therefore, the past five years have witnessed the fastest development and the best situation of China's textile industry.
(B) the current problems in the textile industry in China
1, backward technology and equipment, insufficient development of new products. According to statistics, the output value of China's three major textile industries (textile industry, clothing industry and chemical fiber manufacturing industry) accounts for about 6 1%, 28% and 1 1% respectively. In addition to the chemical fiber production technology and sewing equipment of garment backbone enterprises close to the international advanced level, the traditional processes such as spinning, weaving, dyeing and finishing are far from the world level.
2. The standard is low. At present, China's textile enterprises are still in the low-end production stage. About 80% of enterprises produce low-grade products, 6% produce low-grade products, 4% produce low-quality and low-price products, and only 10% produce high-quality products.
3. Lack of high-quality human resources. The industry lacks talents in brand operation, capital operation and international communication, and lacks international management experience and compound talents to adapt to international competition.
4. The degree of enterprise informatization is not high. The strength of industrial software development is weak, there are few software products, the application ratio of enterprise management software is low, the informatization popularization rate is low, the e-commerce starts slowly, and most enterprises have backward management methods, so it is difficult to truly establish a market rapid response mechanism with small batch, multiple varieties, high quality and fast delivery.
5. Lack of brand management concept. Traditional home textiles, with large quantity, small scale and single product, still account for a large proportion of processing trade, and are in the integration stage because of insufficient means to cope with international competition.
Third, China's textile development countermeasures
(A) the development of core technologies to enhance the added value of products
In the market economy activities, China textile industry should further promote the adjustment of industrial structure to improve the optimization and upgrading of competitiveness. Increase the development and application of mechatronics advanced textile machinery and high-performance and high-function fibers, and strive to find and predict the potential demand through market research and analysis, that is, start with the research and development of new technologies for fabric and clothing design of textile products such as fibers, focus on development, production, sales and management, improve product grades, and establish a series of overall development systems from raw materials to products. It is also necessary to strengthen cooperation with well-known domestic enterprises in capital, especially technology, and learn from their experience in product research and development audit, quality management and brand promotion, so as to form a technology brands with independent intellectual property rights and enhance the added value of products to meet the needs of international competition.
(2) Innovating brand, adjusting product structure, improving product development and design ability, and accelerating the implementation of brand strategy.
The economy of 2 1 century is a brand economy with distinctive cultural connotation supported by talent advantages and technological advantages. China textile industry should establish an export industrial chain of product design, proofing, plate making, testing, production, logistics and sales, actively cooperate with international buyers and internationally renowned brand manufacturers, accumulate technology and capital, learn experience, establish its own brand system as soon as possible, and adopt the form of international integration to minimize the occurrence of regional differences. Technical differences enable brand products to be synchronized with international brands in the most primary research and development stage, and make brand products form their own personality characteristics and fashion foresight.
(3) Take the road of new industrialization, improve the textile service industry chain, and strive to reduce costs.
First of all, the main content of the new round of competition is the re-division of the international market. The product level of competition will change from middle-low grade textiles to middle-high grade textiles, and the key to competition is price level. Therefore, China textile industry should take information as the dominant market, adhere to the combination of internal and external information, analyze and establish a perfect global procurement and supply information system, and seek a large-scale production formula. Secondly, in order to develop rapidly in international competition, it is necessary to set up an aircraft carrier in a strong and powerful way, so that many enterprises can rely on each other, learn from each other's strengths and develop together, and realize the rapid conversion of different varieties and specifications of products in production, thus realizing the flexibility and specialization of production methods. The larger the group the enterprise participates in, the lower the operating cost, the stronger the competitiveness, and the greater the strength of the enterprise, thus improving the competitiveness.
(4) Actively promote the improvement of the technological innovation capability of the textile industry.
Encourage enterprises and social funds to invest in technological innovation: create a policy environment conducive to technological innovation, such as tax policy, intellectual property protection laws and regulations, etc.; Establish and improve the incentive mechanism of technological innovation and build a social and market atmosphere with technological innovation as the focus of competition. Vigorously develop new textile, printing and dyeing, chemical fiber production technologies and equipment with independent development and innovation, high technology content and meeting the requirements of industrial informatization, improve the advanced nature, reliability and stability of textile machinery products, and provide guarantee for industrial technological progress and competitiveness.
(5) Strengthen the construction of public service system and promote the upgrading of textile industry.
Establish a standardized index system that is scientific and advanced and in line with international standards as soon as possible, improve the industry access system, standardize industry development, and help enterprises overcome the restrictions of various technical barriers to trade in developed countries. In the textile industry cluster, resumes are really a platform for small and medium-sized enterprises in terms of industrial research and development, quality inspection, personnel training, informationization, e-commerce and modern logistics.
The present situation of textile industry in China is proved by history. Looking ahead, we still have to prove that the competitive advantage of the world textile industry still belongs to China, and the goal of building a modern textile power will be realized.