At that time, although human beings had realized their dream of flying, the flight speed of aircraft was not ideal, and the sound barrier was the difficulty to improve the flight speed of aircraft. After hard work, Guo Yonghuai and Qian Xuesen quickly produced an important number theory paper that shocked the world, and put forward the concept of "upper critical Mach number" for the first time, which was confirmed by experiments and laid a solid theoretical foundation for solving the transonic flight problem. Since then, the famous Guo Yonghuai applied to join the American Mathematical Society and was specially invited as a researcher by California Institute of Technology. Soon, he became one of the directors of three famous research projects in Cornell University's Graduate School of Aeronautical Engineering.
From 65438 to 0949, in order to solve a difficult problem of transonic gas dynamics, Guo Yonghuai explored and created a simple and practical mathematical method-singular perturbation theory, which was widely used in many disciplines. It is precisely because of the two great achievements of transonic flow and applied mathematics that Guo Yonghuai is famous all over the world.
1953 in August, China and the United States held ambassadorial talks in Geneva after signing the Korean Armistice Agreement. Thanks to the efforts of the China administration, the US government was forced to quickly lift the ban on China scholars leaving the country, but it set up various obstacles on the grounds of "safeguarding national security".
Facing the superior living conditions for scientific research and the needs of the motherland, Guo Yonghuai resolutely rejected the confidential research project invited by American colleagues, gave up the generous treatment of Cornell University professors in the United States, and returned to China with his wife and daughter without hesitation.
In order to avoid the trouble brought by the American government, he resolutely burned all his unpublished manuscripts: by the bonfire where he met the students, he took out the unpublished manuscripts that he had written for more than ten years and threw them into the fire to burn them to ashes, which shocked the students present, and his wife, Professor Li Pei, also felt sorry at that time.
Qian Xuesen, then director of China Institute of Mechanics, wrote to Guo Yonghuai in June 1956, hoping that he would return to China. 1956 the day before the national day, Guo Yonghuai ran away from home! After returning to China, Guo Yonghuai's family was warmly welcomed by the Party, the government and the scientific and technological circles. President Mao Zedong personally met with him and his family, while the Chinese Academy of Sciences arranged for him to work with Qian Xuesen as the deputy director of the newly established Institute of Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and together with Qian Xuesen and Qian Weichang as the scientific and technological leaders of the Institute of Mechanics.
1957 10 15 10, China and the Soviet union signed a new defense technology agreement, in which the Soviet union explicitly promised to provide China with the mathematical model and drawings of the atomic bomb. 1958, the Ninth Research Institute of the Second Ministry of Machinery Industry, which is responsible for the development of nuclear weapons, was formally established in Beijing. 1February, 964, developed into a research and design institute responsible for the whole process of nuclear weapons development and production-No.9 Institute (predecessor of China Academy of Engineering Physics), and began the development of "two bombs".
1June, 959, the Soviet Union suddenly sent a letter to the Central Committee, refusing to provide China with the mathematical model and technical data of the atomic bomb. 1960 in July, the Soviet government took note of China's decision to withdraw all experts from China's nuclear industry system, and then stopped supplying all technical equipment and materials. The unilateral tearing up of agreements and contracts by the Soviet Union has brought unexpected difficulties to China's nascent nuclear industry. Guo Yonghuai was ordered at a critical moment, and together with Wang and Peng Huanwu, he formed the initial "three pillars" of China's nuclear weapons research.
Guo Yonghuai has served as deputy director and vice president of nine institutes, and is in charge of leaders in mechanics and engineering. At that time, the primary task of the Ninth Hospital was to quickly grasp the structural principle of the atomic bomb and conduct theoretical exploration and development of the atomic bomb without drawings and data. In order to tackle key scientific and technological problems, the Ninth Hospital has set up four frontier technical committees, led by Guo Yonghuai, the remote testing committee. Off-site testing involves tasks such as structural design, strength calculation and environmental testing, and is responsible for the experiment and weaponization of nuclear weapons. On the one hand, Guo Yonghuai taught the basic theory of explosive mechanics and warhead design to researchers, on the other hand, he devoted himself to the study of structural strength, vibration and impact, accelerated the establishment of his own laboratory and organized a series of preliminary experiments.
Under the initiative and active guidance of Guo Yonghuai, the first science on explosive mechanics in China was quickly formulated and promulgated, which made mechanics embark on the road of combining with nuclear weapons testing. At the same time, Guo Yonghuai is also responsible for guiding the research on underwater explosion mechanics and water tunnel mechanics of anti-submarine nuclear weapons. In addition, Guo Yong has made great contributions to the research and testing of submarine missiles, surface-to-air missiles, hydrogen-oxygen rocket engines and anti-missile systems.
Guo Yonghuai put forward the idea of "strive for high and low equipment, and take advanced internal waterfall method as the main research direction" in the use of nuclear device initiation mode. In order to establish the structural design of the nuclear weapon device, Guo Yonghuai put forward the method of "two ways go hand in hand and finally choose the best", and determined the best scheme for the first atomic bomb explosion, which played a decisive role in solving some key problems. This scheme was adopted not only by the first atomic bomb, but also by the whole first generation nuclear weapons.
196 1 in July, Guo Yonghuai gloriously joined the China * * * Production Party. 1963, in order to speed up the development of nuclear weapons, the CPC Central Committee decided to move Guo Yonghuai, a professional scientific research team concentrated in Beijing, to a new nuclear weapons development base in Qinghai. 196410 June 16 at 3 pm, China's first atomic bomb test was successful.
1September 1965, the development of China's first artificial satellite was started again, and Guo Yonghuai was appointed to participate in the organization and leadership of the research on the "Dongfanghong" satellite itself and the recoverable satellite. 1on April 24th, 970, more than one year after Guo Yonghuai's sacrifice, China's first artificial satellite was successfully launched.
In the later research on the weaponization of nuclear bombs, Guo Yonghuai put forward one original opinion after another, and later practice proved Guo Yonghuai's scientific and rigorous thought again and again. 1966101On October 27th, China's first surface-to-surface missile with a nuclear warhead exploded successfully!
Guo Yonghuai also put forward some scientific opinions on the hydrogen bomb from the aspects of structural form, bomb weight and deceleration device, thus ensuring the complete success of China's first hydrogen bomb airdrop test. 1967 June 17, China's first hydrogen bomb was successfully exploded in the air. 19681013, Guo Yonghuai once again came to the test base and launched China's first missile thermonuclear weapon to make preparations before the test. 196865438+On February 4th, Guo Yonghuai stayed in Qinghai base for more than two months and found an important clue in the experiment. If he is in a hurry to return to Beijing, he will race against time to get someone to contact the plane. He rushed to Lanzhou from Qinghai base, and listened carefully to the report of the research group during the transition flight in Lanzhou. As night fell, Guo Yonghuai dragged her tired body onto the plane to Beijing. In the early morning of the 5th, the plane landed slowly at the Capital Airport. When it was more than 400 meters above the ground, the plane suddenly lost its balance and crashed in a cornfield 1 km away.
When people identified Guo Yonghuai's body, the clip he had been wearing was badly burned, and he hugged the guard Mou tightly. When people struggled to separate them, they found Guo Yonghuai's briefcase containing top secret information safely on their chests.
According to the staff of the State Council, the news of the plane crash in Guo Yonghuai first reached the State Council. Premier Zhou Enlai was in tears and remained silent for a long time. Then he ordered a thorough investigation of the accident and instructed the People's Daily to release this unfortunate news. At this time, Guo Yonghuai had just turned 59, and 22 days later, China successfully tested its first thermonuclear missile. Guo Yonghuai, a world-famous scientist engaged in aerodynamic research, stayed in Qinghai for 45 days to prepare for this experiment.
On the 22nd day of Guo Yonghuai's sacrifice-1968 65438+February 25th, the central authorities awarded him the title of martyr. On the same day, China's first thermonuclear missile was successfully tested!
1999 was awarded "two bombs and one star medal of honor", and he was the only scientist in this group who won the title of "martyr".