Our country started late and developed slowly in avionics products, which once lagged far behind western advanced countries. After the 1990s, we have made great progress by catching up. Up to now, China's airborne fire control system has experienced four development stages:
1 and a series of sights developed in the 1970 s were equipped on early fighters in China.
The head-up display fire control system developed in the 1980s has been equipped with troops.
3. Based on the pre-research of the Seventh Five-Year Plan and the Eighth Five-Year Plan, an integrated fire control system with the level of the third-generation fighter was developed and widely used by newly developed aircraft.
4. The pre-research on the fire control system of a new generation of integrated weapons based on the "Gem Bamboo" system configuration since the Ninth Five-Year Plan is mainly to make technical reserves for the fire control system of the next generation fighter.
During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, China will focus on developing the fire control technology of the fourth generation fighter in the world, in which active phased array radar will be the technical basis of the fire control system of the fourth generation fighter. Compared with the recent great progress in various fields of China's national defense industry, we have every reason to believe that Chinese researchers will be able to develop fighter radars with world advanced level in the near future. 1980 in April, the international radar conference was held in Washington, USA, and China was also invited to attend. As for China's first appearance at a similar international academic conference, academic experts attending the conference have made speculations, but they have little understanding and disrespect for China and its radar colleagues who have just opened up. Unexpectedly, at the meeting, an unremarkable old man from the China delegation made a report entitled "Overview of Radar Technology Research and Development in China" in fluent English, and the depth of the content impressed many internationally renowned radar experts. China's radar technology at that time far exceeded the world's expectations. Foreign experts expressed their willingness to exchange technology with their counterparts in China, thus opening a window for China to exchange radar technology with other countries. The old man speaking is Zhang Zhizhong, a famous radar expert in China and an academician of the Academy of Engineering. He is the person in charge of the development of the first radar in New China, and also the person in charge of the "Eye of the Sky Project" of space technologies such as "Shenzhou V" and "Shenzhou VI". No matter the first radar or Sky Eye, its "hometown" is Nanjing. At the end of 1950, Zhang Zhizhong, who was engaged in electronic communication technology research in a research institute in Chongqing at that time, was transferred to the First Institute of Nanjing Telecom (predecessor of the 14th Institute of China Electronics Technology Corporation), which was the only unit engaged in radar repair in China at that time, with the purpose of rapidly developing domestic radars and safeguarding national territorial security. Zhang Zhizhong lived up to his mission. Under his leadership, 1953 successfully developed the first domestic medium-range warning radar, and was immediately sent to the front for mass production to defend the motherland. 1964, the first monopulse tracking radar in China was successfully developed. Zhang Zhizhong, a 92-year-old man who went to Britain to study radar technology, is still hale and hearty and clear-headed. He recalled to reporters how China developed radar. 1950, when Zhang Zhizhong first came to Nanjing, the 14th Company was only responsible for repairing the radar left by the Japanese invaders and the United States, which was far from meeting the needs of national defense for radar. At that time, the whole fourteenth institute was filled with the urgent mood of rapidly developing domestic radars. I put my hopes on Zhang Zhizhong, who has a background of studying abroad. As early as 1945, Zhang Zhizhong went to London, England as a visiting scholar to study radar and UHF technology at Leicester University and Signal Corps College. "At that time, British radar technology was very developed." Zhang Zhizhong said that shortly after the outbreak of World War II, the German Air Force attacked Britain on a large scale. Fortunately, many British radar stations played an important role, and they reported the direction, batch and number of planes of German air strikes to the headquarters in time. British planes and anti-aircraft guns were ready to go, which dealt a heavy blow to the German Air Force. Therefore, Britain has a special liking for radar and has the most advanced radar technology in the world at that time. The design sketch is the height of half a person 1.953 years. Zhang Zhizhong was officially appointed to preside over the imitation of the first domestic medium-range warning radar. At that time, the United States left only a radar to the Kuomintang, or a prototype lacking an antenna. In this way, in the harsh technical environment and without any drawings, Zhang Zhizhong led a scientific research team of more than 40 people to start the independent development of domestic radar. Radar consists of five basic components: transmitter, power supply equipment, receiver, transmitting and receiving antennas and display. The old man Zhang Zhizhong said that the biggest problem developed at that time was that the transmitting and receiving antennas were the main components of the radar and the most difficult part of the design. And there is no reference, you need to start from scratch and design it yourself. Zhang Zhizhong said that his nine-member team was responsible for the design of the entire aircraft system and antenna feed. They were designed on the basis of analyzing the principle of radar antenna circuit, and drew countless sketches of light mapping, all of which were half a person's height. In this way, the biggest difficulty in radar development was finally overcome through continuous drawings, continuous trial production and continuous improvement. Lao Zhang Man Zhizhong still remembers the successful sketch of antenna design at that time, picked up a pen and paper and drew a sketch for the reporter, introducing this kind of "Yagi antenna" while drawing. Zhang Zhizhong said: "This antenna with three pairs of vibrators and a king-shaped overall structure was invented by Hidetsugu Yagi and Taro Utoda of Northeastern University, and is called Yagi antenna. If you want to copy such an antenna, you need to make appropriate adjustments, such as the length of each element, the distance between each element, and how to match it. The slightest error will affect the accuracy of the radar. " More powerful than British radar. With the efforts of researchers from 14 institutes, the first domestic medium-range warning radar was successfully developed in only one year, which also marked the birth of China radar industry. This amazing speed also delighted the superior leaders. Zhang Zhizhong said: "At that time, the staff who participated in the R&D of fourteen institutes maintained a high workload every day during this year, all of which were supported by the hope of successful development at an early date. After the successful development, many people fell ill. " It can be said that the first domestic radar contains the painstaking efforts of the older generation of staff in 14 universities. Zhang Zhizhong introduced that the first developed radar was 2 meters high and weighed more than 400 kilograms. Each performance index has reached the international level, and it can detect aircraft with a distance of 80- 100 km. The radar power reaches 80- 100 Hz. "This radar is even more powerful than what I saw in England," Zhang Zhizhong said. Domestic radars were successfully copied and immediately put into production. More than 30 domestic radars were put into production ahead of schedule, and they went out from Nanjing No.14 Institute. Single pulse test radar 1958 was built. In order to build China's defense capability against intercontinental missiles, 14 research institutes were ordered to develop the first large-scale ultra-long-range tracking radar in China. This kind of radar not only needs to find and accurately track missiles at a distance of 3000 kilometers, but also can calculate the attack position of missiles. Therefore, the accuracy of angle measurement is the primary index of this kind of radar. As the technical director, Zhang Zhizhong scientifically analyzed the development of radar technology abroad and the technical basis of domestic electronic industry. It is considered that the backward cone scanning system should be abandoned and the monopulse system being developed internationally should be adopted. This new technology can improve the radar angle measurement accuracy by 5 ~ 10 times. But at that time, the system was still in the development stage in the world, with few implementable materials and great technical risks. 196 1 monopulse tracking system is studied under the auspices of Zhang Zhizhong. In order to ensure the successful completion of the intercontinental ballistic early warning mission, he led technicians to conduct in-depth research, and gradually found out the scientific principle and implementation method of the monopulse tracking system through a large number of designs and trials. Finally, in 1964, China's first monopulse experimental radar was successfully developed, and a large number of system design data were obtained from it, making China's radar level among the top in the world. 1994 was elected as an academician. Since 1950, China's radar industry has gone through more than 50 years in Nanjing, from repair to imitation, from self-design to the development of cutting-edge products with international advanced level. Academician Zhang Zhizhong is a well-deserved witness to the development of radar in China. Remember when Shenzhou V and Shenzhou VI were flying in China? After passing through the "black barrier", the radars of fourteen institutes captured the spacecraft in the shortest time? Zhang Zhizhong said that the "Eye of the Sky" developed by Nanjing is so powerful because of the phased array radar technology. In fact, phased array radar technology was first developed by Zhang Zhizhong in China. With the phased array technology, the 14th Institute successfully developed a large-scale phased array early warning radar on 1978. With it, China has an important means to detect outer space targets. 1978 and 1983, the out-of-control "Sky Lab" in the United States and the nuclear-powered satellite 1402 in the Soviet Union were accurately tracked by fourteen unidirectional pulse precision tracking radars and large phased array early warning radars, so China was able to accurately predict the time and place of their fall, which had a great impact in the world and shocked the world in China. 1983 in view of Zhang Zhizhong's outstanding achievements in developing radar technology, the Standing Council of the Chinese Institute of Electronics awarded him the title of academician of the Institute. 1988, 7 1 year-old Zhang Zhizhong continued his ambition. He also carried out research on imaging radar, and chose inverse synthetic aperture radar, a very difficult but excellent subject. This is one of the tasks of the national high-tech "863 Plan". Zhang Zhizhong has published many monographs and academic papers in the field of radar in combination with his own research work. 1994, China Academy of Engineering was established, and Zhang Zhizhong was selected as the first academician ... Zhang Zhizhong left his radar career until he was 90 years old.