Wang Yuanjian (1929—199 1 year), a native of seven villages in Xiangzhou town, Shandong province, is a contemporary writer. He used to be a director of the Chinese Writers Association and director of the art department (writers' class) of the PLA Art College. 1July, 944, went to the anti-Japanese base area to participate in revolutionary work. Worked as a propagandist, member of art troupe, newspaper editor and reporter in the army. 1945 Join the PLA. 1952, literary editor of PLA. In the same year, he began to publish short stories such as "Party dues" and "The Story of Grain". 1956 to 1966, participated in editing the selection of revolutionary memoirs "A single spark can start a prairie fire", which is "essays of the People's Liberation Army for 30 years". He had the opportunity to systematically study the history of the Party and the army and meet more revolutionaries of the older generation, which enriched his creative themes and refined his writing style. He has written more than ten short stories such as Seven Pairs, Three Roads and Political Commissar of the Detachment. Wang Yuanjian has been devoted to novel creation. 1974, he and Chen Zhuguo co-wrote the first play "Sparkling Red Star", which created an image of Hong Haier, Pan Dongzi and others who were eager to participate in the revolution in the 1930s when China's * * * production party fought fiercely with the Kuomintang. Deeply portray the children's hearts, several children have distinct personalities, each with its own characteristics, and the characters' language is vivid and lovely. The image is true, cordial and unforgettable. The play is well-structured, well-structured and dramatic. 1976 Continue to publish short stories such as road signs and footprints 10. Published collections of short stories include: The Story of Grain, Descendants, Ordinary Laborers and Selected Stories of Wang Yuanjian. 1978 as a screenwriter and director of literature department of Bayi film studio. Head of the Department of Literature and Fine Arts, PLA Art College. The fourth and fifth directors of China Film Association. His excellent works have been translated into many languages and distributed to the world, and his biography has been included in the China Celebrity Dictionary and the Who's Who in Britain.

In Wang Yuanjian's short stories, The Party Fee, The Story of Grain and The Political Commissar of the Detachment describe the people's struggle in the old revolutionary base areas. "Seven Pairs", "Trilateral" and "Catch the Team" praised the heroic deeds of the Red Army's 25,000-mile Long March. Ordinary workers, mothers and rest have shaped the image of the older generation of revolutionaries. Others include "Morning", "Journey" and the adapted film and literary script "Sparkling Red Star". His new works in recent years include Footprints, Standards, Grass, Song and other short stories, among which Footprints won the National Excellent Short Story Award by People's Literature magazine 1978.

His famous work and representative work is "Party Fee", which has been selected into middle school Chinese textbooks for many times and has far-reaching influence.

[Edit this paragraph] Introduction

Short stories. By Wang Yuanjian. Published in 1958. On the way to the Long March, it rained cats and dogs on the prairie. A dying Red Army soldier gave his party card and seven matches in it to his comrades-in-arms and asked him to give it to the party organization. Say that finish, safely closed his eyes. Comrades catch up with the team, light a bonfire for the soldiers, and then hand over the remaining six matches and party cards to the instructor. The detailed description of the work is touching and shows the noble character of revolutionary soldiers.

[Edit this paragraph] Original text

Seven games

It's dawn and the rain has stopped.

The climate in the grassland is very strange. The moon is bright and the stars are rare. Suddenly, a cold wind blew, and thick clouds covered the sky like from the ground. Then, the rainstorm mixed with hail as big as chestnuts poured down indiscriminately.

Lu Jinyong poked his head out of the bushes and looked around. The whole grassland is immersed in a misty rain and fog, and no one can see or hear voices.

Weeds washed by heavy rain, like combs, lie in the mud, even the road is covered. The sky is still gloomy, and occasionally a few hailstones fall, hitting the muddy green water and splashing. He sighed painfully. He fell behind because of inflammation in his calf wound. For two days, he worked day and night. He tried to catch up with the brigade today, but he was caught in this unlucky rainstorm, which delayed half a night.

He cursed the weather, walked out of the bushes and stretched himself. A cool breeze made him shudder. Only then did he find that his clothes were completely soaked.

"If only there was a fire roast!" He tried to keep dressing, watching the water dripping down his pants, thinking to himself. He also knows that this is a delusion-not only now, but the day before he left, their company had to eat raw food because there was nothing to make a fire. Unconsciously, he reached into his trouser pocket, and accidentally, his fingers touched something sticky. He was so happy that he quickly squatted down and rummaged through his trouser pockets. Sure enough, a pinch of highland barley powder was stuck at the bottom of the trouser pocket; The flour was wet by the rain and became a thin paste. He carefully scraped off the thin paste, which was as big as an egg. He pinched the dough sparingly, and could not help feeling glad: "It's a good thing I didn't find them yesterday morning. I haven't eaten for a day and a night. Now I feel even hungrier when I see something to eat. He squeezed the dough into long strips so as not to swallow it in one gulp. I was just about to put it to my mouth when I heard a low cry: "Comrade-"

The sound is so weak and low, as if it were coming from underground. He paused, then limped towards the sound. Lu Jinyong staggered across two ditches and came to a small tree before he saw the greeting people. He lay there leaning against the tree, with a cloud of muddy sewage under his body. He seems to have not moved for a long time. His face is even scarier. His hair wet by the rain stuck to his forehead, and the rain dripped down his hair and cheeks. Eyes sank deeply, eyes closed hard. Only the Adam's apple under the upper jaw shook up and down, and the chapped lips made a low voice: "Comrade-Comrade-"

Hearing Lu Jinyong's footsteps, the comrade struggled to open his eyes and seemed to want to sit up, but he couldn't move.

Lu Jinyong looked at this scene, and his eyes felt that something had been rubbed in, and it was sour. This is the third time that he saw his comrades fall down in the two days he stayed behind. "I must be hungry!" He thought, quickly grabbed the steps, put his arm around his comrade's shoulder, handed the barley noodles to his mouth and said, "Comrade, eat quickly!" "

The comrade raised his absent eyes and gave Lu Jinyong a dull look. He raised his hand with difficulty and pushed his arm away. His lips moved a few times and he squeezed out a few words between his teeth: "No, it's no use."

Lu Jinyong didn't know what to do at the moment. He looked at Qing Wu's face frozen by the cold wind and rain, and the raindrops hanging on his face, and thought bitterly, "If there is a fire and a cup of hot water, maybe he can still live!" He looked up at the misty distance, then grabbed his comrade's wrist and said, "Go, I'll help you." The comrade shook his head with his eyes closed and made no answer. It seems that he is saving all his strength. For a long time, he suddenly opened his eyes, pointed his right hand at his left armpit and said in a hurry, "This ... here!" " "

Lu Jinyong put his hand into his wet clothes in confusion. He felt that the comrade's chest was as cold as his clothes. Under his left armpit, he took out a hard paper bag and handed it to this comrade.

The comrade opened the paper bag with trembling hands. This is a party card. The party card was opened and a small pile of matches and dry matches were placed side by side.

Red matchsticks are gathered together, and the positive pressure is in the center of the scarlet seal, like a jumping flame.

"Look, comrade ..." The comrade waved to Lu Jinyong. When he approached the ambassador, he held out a stiff finger and fingered the match carefully. He whispered, "-,two, three, four ..." A * * * had only seven matches, but he counted for a long time. After counting, I glanced at Hu Jinyong again, as if to say, "Do you understand?"

"Yes, I see!" Lu Jinyong nodded happily, thinking: This is easy! He seemed to see a red fire, and he and this comrade snuggled up to it. ...

At this time, he found that the comrade's face seemed to spread out, and the dying color in his eyes suddenly disappeared, emitting a light of joy. The comrade closed his party card with a match, held it in his hand, carefully placed it in Lu Jinyong's hand like a bowl full of water, and held it tightly together, staring straight at Lu Jinyong's face.

"Remember, this, this is, everyone's!" He suddenly withdrew his hand, took a deep breath, raised his hand with all his strength, and pointed to the north: "Okay, good comrade ... you ... you take it to ..." The words stopped here. Lu Jinyong felt his arms suddenly sink! His eyes are blurred. Trees in the distance, grass nearby, wet clothes, closed eyes … everything is as foggy as the whole grass; Only that hand is clear, it climbs high, like a road sign, pointing straight in the direction of the Long March troops. ...

Say that finish, Lu Jinyong walked very fast. When it was dark, he caught up with the guards.

In the boundless darkness, clusters of yellow fires are burning. Soldiers who have been rolling in the mud for several days in the wind and rain are talking and laughing around this raging wildfire. The wet clothes are foggy, and the wild vegetables in the foreign porcelain bowl are ringing in front. ...

Lu Jinyong quietly walked behind the instructor. Reflecting the flashing light, he opened the party card with trembling fingers, handed the remaining six matches to the instructor one by one, and counted them in a strange tone: "One, two, three, four ..."

Article analysis

Paragraph level:

The first part begins (1 ~ 8 paragraphs): the desire for matches.

The second part is the development and climax (paragraphs 9-22): the touching scene of offering matches.

At the end of the third part (paragraphs 23-26), matches play a role.

What role does the description of grassland environment play?

The description of grassland environment highlights the unpredictable "strange" climate of grassland and the desolate scene immersed in rain and fog, giving people an immersive feeling and reflecting the hardships of the Red Army's March on grassland. In such an environment, with matches, you can keep warm, eat food and survive, which implies that matches have special value. )

From what aspects did the author write the portrait of the unknown soldier in detail? What's the role?

(Guide the students to paragraph 9: The unknown soldier described his posture, face, hair, eyes and lips in detail. It shows that the unknown soldier has lost the strength to move forward after experiencing the devastation of wind, rain and hail and the attack of hunger, and has reached the point of dying. . )

The plot outline of the novel is: Lu Jinyong longed for fire, and the unknown soldier needed fire-he was dying but didn't use matches, so he gave them-matches played a huge role. It can be seen that the story revolves around this fire-making thing-matches. It is a line that connects all parts of the novel in series and runs through the whole article; It is the thing that can best express the central idea.

analyse

First, about the connotation of the topic

The title "Qipei" is a phrase with partial structure. Adding such an accurate number as "seven" in front of "match" gives readers an unusual feeling, which causes suspense. The title not only reveals the content of the novel, but also provides clues for the setting and development of the story. At the same time, it is also the basis of characterization and character display. After reading the novel, Seven Matches left an indelible impression on people. The author said, "It comes from what I see and feel. I have seen such soldiers many times in the war. Holding a gun, holding a stretcher pole, pulling a comrade-in-arms, touching his forehead ... "Now, I can't tell which thing and which hand I remembered when I wrote seven matches with a pen. But in these two thousand words, I really condensed my life experience directly gained in the war: about people, about people's hands and hearts, about the relationship between people in the war, and about the loyalty of soldiers. Even a detail, a little insight and a week's thinking have to be obtained from real experience. This passage tells us that the title is a high summary of the truth of life and an artistic representation of the author's personal experience. What it wants to express is "people" and "people's hearts". Therefore, the title has profound connotation.

Second, paragraph level.

Dividing paragraph levels with the clue of "seven matches": the first part begins (1-8 paragraphs): the desire for matches.

The second part is the development and climax (paragraphs 9-22): the touching scene of offering matches.

At the end of the third part (paragraphs 23-26): Matches played a role.

Third, the description of the natural environment at the beginning of the text.

It is a major feature of this novel to set off the characters and unfold the plot with the description of the natural environment. At the beginning of the novel, it describes the bad weather in which the grass is rainy and sunny and the rain is mixed with hail. Then it used Lu Jinyong's eyes to observe the grass after the rainstorm: "No one can see, no sound can be heard", "The grass is lying in the mud" and "the whole grass is immersed in a misty rain and fog". These descriptions not only show the background of the characters' activities-the arduous Long March, but also highlight the important role of "fire" in the Long March and revolution, implying the great significance of "seven matches". On the other hand, Lu Jinyong's activity environment is also the activity environment of the unknown soldier, so the description of this natural environment is to pave the way for the emergence of the unknown soldier and his heroic behavior.

Fourth, organize materials with "fire" as a clue

The word "fire" in this novel appears many times and runs through it. The first appearance is about Lu Jinyong's pursuit under heavy rain, hunger and cold, and longing for a fire. The second appearance emphasized that the troops had been on fire for three days, and Lu Jinyong's hopes were dashed. In both descriptions, the importance of fire is already obvious. At this time, Lu Jinyong met an unknown soldier. In the face of his comrades who were hungry and dying, Lu Jinyong naturally gave birth to a desire for fire. Re-emphasize the importance of fire. This time, he actually saw a match-a match that the unknown soldier spared no effort to save with his life. After this article, the word "fire" appeared one after another, and with the sublimation of the theme and the development of the plot, it became clusters of flames and raging bonfires. In essence, "fire" has become an image portrayal of the spirit of the unknown soldier. At the end of the novel, it is described that "in the boundless darkness, clusters of bonfires are burning" and "in the flickering light", and Lu Jinyong handed over six matches kept by the unknown soldier. This scene further reveals the role of matches and the noble character of the unknown soldier. In this way, the novel takes "fire" as a clue to arrange the plot, interlocking, concentrating on the pen, shaping the image and expressing the theme.

Fifth, the characterization of the novel

With the most economical pen and ink, this novel created an image of an unknown soldier who would rather sacrifice his life to put out the fire for the revolution than consume matches to save his life. Its uniqueness lies in the use of foil techniques. The hero of the novel is an unknown soldier, but the author cherishes ink as gold in him; On the contrary, the description of another minor character, Lu Jinyong, was full of color and was written without hesitation. From the beginning, the novel introduces the natural environment of the characters' activities, using Lu Jinyong's eyes and feelings; Furthermore, the appearance of the hero is dominated by Lu Jinyong's hearing, and the appearance of the hero is felt through Lu Jinyong's observation. At the same time, the author also uses Lu Jinyong's psychological activities to set off the hero's spiritual character. Lu Jinyong found that the unknown soldier was dying, and intuitively felt that "he must be hungry" and "if there is a cup of hot water, maybe he can survive". At this time, he pushed away the highland barley noodles that Lu Jinyong sent to his mouth, refused Lu Jinyong's request to help him move forward, exhausted all his strength and took out his treasured party card and seven matches, and solemnly entrusted Lu Jinyong to the army. In a few strokes, the image of the unknown soldier is striking, and its spiritual character shows brilliant brilliance. In the process of describing the unknown soldier, the author abandoned many minor scenes (how the unknown soldier fell behind, how to get and keep matches, how to spend these days on the grass ...), firmly grasped the moment when he handed the matches to his comrades-in-arms, grasped the shocking series of words and actions of the characters, grasped the attitude of the unknown soldier towards matches, and set off the sublimity and beauty of the whole inner world of the characters. At the end of the novel, Lu Jinyong solemnly handed over the matches saved by the unknown soldier. "In the endless night, clusters of bonfires burn" ended, which set off the extraordinary significance of the unknown soldier saving matches with his life. Therefore, although the author of the novel described the image of the hero with a few strokes, he showed the hero's heroic character incisively and vividly.

Sixth, the narrative perspective of the text.

Narrative works have two basic elements, namely the story and the narrator. The relationship between the story and the narrator is the narrative perspective. Using the first-person narrative perspective, the narrator exists in the fictional novel world and becomes one of the characters, and the world of the characters and the world of the narrator are completely unified. There are two kinds of third-person narrative perspective: one is the author's narrative perspective, that is, the narrator is outside the world of characters, and the narrator's world has become a world different from the world of characters in the novel. The other is the perspective of character narration. The narrator is replaced by the reflector, who is a character in the novel. He feels, observes and thinks, but he doesn't talk to readers like a narrator. Readers look at other characters and events in the novel through the eyes that reflect the personality of the writer. On the surface, this novel adopts the omniscient perspective of a third party, rather than the first-person perspective. But as a witness to the development of the story, Lu Jinyong actually plays the role of the first person "I". Works always observe and feel everything with Lu Jinyong's eyes, and describe everything with Lu Jinyong's perspective. In this way, Lu Jinyong can directly describe everything like the first person "I", which makes people feel authentic. On the other hand, the role of lufax is omniscient and free from the third-person narrative perspective, which makes the novel more flexible and complete in plot structure. At the same time, as the foil of the protagonist, with Lu Jinyong, the image of the unknown soldier is more distinct and prominent.

[Edit this paragraph] Adapted from the original script

First act

Time: A morning when the rain stopped at the beginning of the Long March of the Red Army.

Location: Grassland

Character: Lu Jinyong, injured comrade.

(The curtain rises)

(A gust of wind and the sound of rain gradually stopped)

Lou: (sticking his head out of a grass, looking around, frowning and gnashing his teeth) This weather, catching up with this unlucky rainstorm, delayed for another half night, and I don't know when I can catch up with the brigade again. (Say that finish, he stumbled out of the bushes, rubbed his injured calf and stretched himself. )

(A cool breeze blows)

Lou: (After a few chills, he quickly lowered his head, got a fright, grabbed the corners of his clothes and muttered with a frown) Oh, no, it's all wet. (Roll up the clothes, twist them hard, and then start to twist the trouser legs, watching the water drip down the trouser legs, muttering) If only there was a fire. (After that, I shook my head quickly) Hey, it's still a delusion (with a self-deprecating smile). Even the camp can only eat dry food ... (Thinking of something, I subconsciously reached into my trouser pocket and suddenly felt something. I looked surprised and squatted down and turned my trouser pocket upside down. I found a handful of highland barley powder and stuck it at the bottom of my trouser pocket. I was soaked in rain and scraped it off carefully. (frown, wry smile, slight smile) I haven't eaten anything all night. At this moment, I finally found something to eat. It's really ... I'm starving

(Lu Jinyong squeezes the dough into long strips and is ready to eat)

Schreiber: (weakly) Comrade ... Comrade-

(Lu heard the sound, put down the dough, limped towards the sound, circled several times, and found the dying wounded comrade-in-arms in the corner)

(The injured comrade leans feebly against a tree, half lying, pale, eyes closed, soaked to the skin, lips open, and cries "Comrade" with difficulty. )

When Lu Jinyong came in, the injured comrade struggled to open his eyes and tried to sit up, but he couldn't move. Lu Jinyong saw it and looked sad. He raised his hand and rubbed his eyes, and his eyes were red. )

Lu: You must be hungry. (He grabs Comrade's shoulder and hands the dough to his mouth with anxiety and concern) Comrade, eat quickly.

Injury: (I looked at Lu with glassy eyes, raised my hand and pushed his arm away with difficulty, flapped my lips a few times and said weakly) No, it's useless.

Lu: (stunned, hanging his hand, waiting for a while and looking at him with a painful expression)

Lu voiceover: (with longing and acidity) If there is a fire and a cup of hot water, maybe he can still live ... (Thinking of this, he looks up at the distance and immediately pulls his comrade's wrist and says) Let's go, I'll help you go.

Injury: (I shook my head with my eyes closed, didn't answer, frowned for a long time, suddenly opened my eyes, and pointed my right hand at my left armpit and said in a hurry) here. ...

(Lu put his hand into the clothes of the injured comrade-in-arms, touched it left and right, and finally took out a hard paper bag under his left armpit and handed it to his comrades. The comrade shook his hand and opened the paper bag. It was a party card with a small pile of dry matches side by side. )

Injury: (waving his hand, sticking out his stiff fingers when landing, carefully fiddling with matches one by one, and counting in a low voice)-two, three, four ... seven (after counting for a long time, he looks at Lu as if asking)

Lou: (nodding happily) Yes, I see! Great, I can save you!

Injury: (with a relaxed face, close the party card with joy, hold it in your hand, carefully put it in Lu's hand, hold it tightly together, and stare straight at Lu's face) Remember, this is, this is everyone's! (suddenly withdraw your hand, take a deep breath, raise your hand with all your strength, and point to true north)

(Lu follows the injured person's hand and looks due north, with the party card in his hand)

Injury: (panting) OK, good comrades ... you ... you take it to ... (close your eyes feebly, tilt your head, drop your hands straight and throw yourself into Lou's arms)

(Lu waited for a while and still looked at the north, motionless. Gradually, his eyes turned red and tears swirled in his eyes.)

(Curtain closed)

Act ii

Time: a few days later

Location, guard camp

Character: Lu Jinyong, instructor of the security company.

(The curtain rises)

Narrator: A few days later, Lu Jinyong caught up with the guard troops, and the soldiers who had been tumbling in the rain and mud for several days finally got clusters of raging wildfires to keep warm.

Lu: (Walking past several talking and laughing comrades, he quietly approached the instructor and shouted softly) Instructor. ...

(The instructor turned and looked at him, and his face suddenly became serious and dignified. )

Lu: (looking at him deeply, shaking open the party card, handing the remaining six matches to the instructor one by one, and counting them carefully in a trembling voice) One, two, three, four. ...

(The sound fades and the lights fade)

(Curtain closed)