Abstract: Agriculture is the foundation of establishing a county. As a typical agricultural province, agricultural industrialization in Henan Province is the fundamental way to revitalize agriculture and economy. The county economy in Henan Province has formed the promotion model, non-public economy promotion model, industrial agglomeration model, labor economy promotion model, agricultural industrialization promotion model and opening up promotion model. The countermeasures of developing county economy in Henan province are: promoting the development of non-public economy, accelerating the process of urbanization, actively developing labor economy, promoting the transfer of rural surplus labor force, adjusting industrial structure and accelerating the agricultural process.
? [Paper Keywords] county economy; Cluster analysis; developmental pattern
There are 108 county-level economic units in Henan province, including 20 county-level cities and 88 counties. The total land area of the province is 6.5438+0.67 million square kilometers, and the county area is 6.5438+0.52 million square kilometers, accounting for 90.7% of the total land area of the province. The county population is 8 1.22 million, accounting for about 85% of the total population in the province. In terms of GDP, the GDP of 108 counties and cities in the province accounts for about 68% of the province.
1. Cluster Analysis of County Economy in Henan Province
? There are 108 counties and cities in Henan province. The classification of counties and cities through cluster analysis is convenient for better classification and guidance of county economic development. Seven indicators such as per capita GDP, per capita fiscal revenue, per capita savings deposit balance, per capita investment, the proportion of industry to GDP, the proportion of tertiary industry to GDP, and the proportion of primary industry to GDP were used as variables for rapid cluster analysis. Use Euclidean distance formula: Euclid =■
K means that each sample has k variables; X■ represents the value of the first sample on the i-th variable; Y■ represents the value of the second sample of the i-th variable.
1. Result
Class I: 1 1 county and city. Including yima city, gongyi city, changge city, Qinyang, yanshi city, xinmi city, Xin 'an, xinzheng city, Yang Rong and Linzhou.
Category II: 27 counties and cities. Including Tongbai, Huojia, huixian city, Qixian, mengzhou city, Baofeng, Xixia, Wugang, zhongmou county, lingbao city, Ruzhou, Linying, Yichuan, Xinye, Xuchang, Yuzhou, Xiuwu, Hunchi, Xinxiang, Changyuan, Guangshan and yongcheng city.
Category III: 70 counties and cities. Including shenqiu county, Queshan, qingfeng county, Ningling, Shangcai, Xiayi, Xunxian, Taiqian, Fugou, Huaiyang, luoshan county, Lushan, Shangshui, Tuocheng, Fanxian, Sixian, Weixian, Gaoxian, Biyang, Xieju, Xixian, runan county and Lushan. Dancheng, Kaifeng, Weishi, Tongxu, tanghe county, Lu Yi, lankao county, suiping county, Anyang, Jin Meng, Xiangcheng, Xihua, Neihuang and Nanle.
2. Analysis of clustering results
The first type of county is a strong industrial county, emphasizing the core and leading position of industry, with a relatively high level of economic development and a relatively high ranking of various indicators. This 1 1 county ranks among the top 20 in Henan Province. The total population of this 1 1 county and city is 76 1.55 million, accounting for 9.4% of the total population of counties in the province, and the per capita GDP is 13224 yuan, which is 2.3 times of the average county level in the province, and is the second kind 1.6 times. The per capita fiscal revenue is 378 yuan, which is 2.4 times of the provincial average, 1.8 times of the second-class counties and cities, and 3.3 times of the third-class counties and cities. The per capita deposit balance is 6425 yuan, which is 2.2 times and 2.7 times of the county average level in the province respectively. The per capita investment level is 3966 yuan, which is 2.7 times of the average level of the whole province and counties. The proportion of primary, secondary and tertiary industries in GDP is 7.4%, 60% and 27.4% respectively.
The second type of county has a certain industrial base and rich resources, such as Yichuan County, Tongbai County, Yuzhou City, Ruzhou City, lingbao city, yongcheng city, huixian city and Shengchi County. It is an industrial county mainly engaged in the development of mineral resources; In addition, resource-based counties and large agricultural counties with certain geographical advantages and economic strength and good agricultural product processing foundation are more likely to form industrial agglomeration and agricultural industrialization. The total population of the second county is 1, 664. 1.900, accounting for 20.6% of the total population of Henan Province. All economic indicators are higher than the third-class counties and cities, and also higher than the average level of counties and cities in the province, but lower than the first-class counties and cities. Per capita GDP, per capita fiscal revenue, per capita deposit balance and per capita investment level are 62%, 56%, 58% and 5 1% of those of first-class counties and cities respectively. The proportion of primary, secondary and tertiary industries in second-class counties is: 19.2:54.6:26.2.
The third type of county is the marginal zone where Henan Province is concentrated. Most of the poor counties are concentrated in this category because of their backward economic development and weak industrial base. The third type of counties and cities account for a relatively large proportion in Henan Province 108 counties and cities, and their economic development level is relatively low, so they are in a weak position in measuring the comprehensive economic development level. Mainly distributed in Xinyang, Nanyang and Zhumadian in southern Henan; Anyang (except Linzhou) and Puyang in northern Henan; Kaifeng and Shangqiu in eastern Henan (except Yongcheng); Some counties and cities under the jurisdiction of Sanmenxia and Luoyang in western Henan. The total population of such counties accounts for 70% of the province, and the per capita GDP, per capita fiscal revenue, per capita investment level and per capita savings are lower than the provincial average. The ratio of the three industries in this county is 33.4:39.2:27.4.
? Second, the county economic development in Henan Province has formed a model.
1. Industry driven
Insist? Highlight the characteristics, strengthen the advantages, expand the total amount, centralize the layout, and upgrade the industry? Development ideas, continue to lead the province's county economic development. The industrial added value of Yima, Luanchuan, Gongyi, Xin 'an and other counties (cities) accounts for more than 70% of GDP. With the help of industrial advantages, we will cultivate characteristic industries, accelerate industrialization, and enhance the comprehensive economic strength of counties such as Gongyi, Xinzheng, Yanshi, Xin 'an, Yichuan, Qinyang, Yongcheng, Yuzhou and Huixian. Most of them are in the first level of cluster analysis, and basically belong to strong industrial counties, with relatively high level of economic development and relatively high ranking of various indicators. Especially in Xin 'an County, located in the west of Henan Province, from a weak agricultural county, a small industrial county and a poor financial county, the rise of a group led to the industrial rise of a county and developed into a strong industrial county today.
2. Driven by non-public economy
Non-public ownership economy is playing an increasingly important role in the development of county economy. Give full play to the regional advantages of the county, vigorously develop all kinds of non-public economy, inject vitality into the development of the county economy, highlight the characteristics of the county, and achieve a breakthrough in the county economy. The private economy in Changge, Dancheng, Suiping and Mianchi counties has done quite well, basically in the second level of cluster analysis, with certain economic strength and location advantages. For example, Changge ranks ninth in Henan's county economy ranking and is a typical representative of Henan's non-public economy. With eight pillar industries, it is the largest diamond production base, sanitary ceramics production base, important nonferrous metal smelting and processing base and agricultural machinery parts production and processing base in China. In addition, there are well-known brands such as Yellow River Cyclone, Zhongpin Food, Senyuan Electric Appliances and Ma Ben Machinery.
3. Industrial accumulation
The industrial agglomeration model is especially suitable for counties with a certain industrial base, highlighting local economic characteristics and concentrating on the layout of industries, such as Changyuan, Yanshi, Changge, Linzhou, Puyang, Yucheng and other counties and cities. According to the theory of industrial agglomeration, industrial clusters with different characteristics have been developed. For example, in Changyuan county Zero resources? Where does it develop gradually? Integral economy? Developed to? Block economy? , forming industrial clusters such as cranes. The industrial agglomeration effect is very obvious. At present, a characteristic industrial base with an annual output of 260,000 cranes and 6.5438+0.65 million crane parts has been built, and small and medium-sized cranes account for more than 60% of the national market share. Yanshi city has two types: cross-industry agglomeration and strong industrial county, with strong strength and outstanding position. Industrial agglomeration? Block economy? .
4. Labor economy
? Located in the marginal areas of Henan Province and some poor mountainous counties, the economic development is relatively backward, generally distributed in the third level of cluster analysis. Compared with the first-and second-level counties, the tertiary industry is weak, but these counties are rich in labor resources, such as Gushi, Xinxian, Zhecheng and Huaiyang. For example, Gushi is an agricultural county with a small population and backward economic development. In order to change the fate of poverty, Gushi people moved their families and became a typical labor exporting county and a famous labor exporting country in Henan. Brand? . Many successful migrant workers have returned to their hometowns to invest and start businesses. Now the real estate industry, service industry and medical and health industry in Gushi are supported by these people.
5. Driven by agricultural industrialization
? This model is more suitable for agricultural counties, such as Huangchuan, Qixian, Yanling, Weishi, Tangyin, Yanjin, Zhengyang, etc. It is basically at the third level of cluster analysis, and the per capita GDP, per capita fiscal revenue and other indicators lag behind one or two levels. These large agricultural counties will ultimately rely on agricultural industrialization. On the one hand, strengthen the construction of high-quality grain base, on the other hand, change the single grain production, develop agricultural scale and characteristic agriculture, and take the road of strengthening the county through agricultural industrialization. For example, there are 74 agricultural industrialization organizations in Weishi County, with total assets of 65.438+89 billion yuan, driving 268,000 farmers to engage in agricultural industrialization. In addition, Yanling County, a big flower county, has a flower area of 524,000 mu, with 6 12 gardens of various types, and the annual output value of the flower industry is more than 2.2 billion yuan. With the rapid development of animal husbandry and the optimization of variety structure, large-scale farming has gradually taken shape.
? 6. Open drive type
? Based on local characteristics, optimize the environment and attract investment by business, and? Outside? Introduce foreign countries and form an interactive pattern of seeking development through openness and promoting openness through development. From 2003 to 2007, the total foreign exchange earned by Xuchang's exports reached 765.438 billion US dollars, with an average annual increase of 25%, maintaining the leading position of counties and cities in the province for many years. The export volume of hair products led by Rebecca Hair Products Co., Ltd. accounts for more than 90% of the total export volume of the county. In 2006, the total export volume reached144.83 million USD, and in 2007, the export volume reached169.03 million USD. At present, the export market of Xuchang county products has expanded to more than 80 countries and regions such as Britain, France, South Korea, Japan, Russia, European Union, ASEAN and Africa.
? Third, the development of county economy in Henan Province countermeasures
? 1. Promote the development of non-public economy.
? Non-public ownership economy is the most dynamic growth point of county economy and the power source of rapid development of county economy, which plays an active role in increasing employment and maintaining social stability. Practice has proved that where the non-public economy develops well, the county economic strength is relatively strong, such as Zhejiang and other places on the eastern coast. The non-public economy has the advantages of clear property rights, clear subject and flexible mechanism, and has strong vitality and competitiveness. The private economy in Changge, Dancheng, Suiping and Mianchi counties has done well, but it is far from enough. Henan province should relax the access policy and actively guide and support it. Implement various preferential policies that are conducive to the development of the private economy, create a fair environment, and provide a fair competitive market environment for the private economy.
? 2. Accelerate urbanization.
? The economic level of Henan Province is relatively backward and its economic foundation is weak. One of the main reasons is the low level of urbanization. Urbanization is the process of population concentration in cities and towns. Rural urbanization is a long-term and complicated project, with the emphasis and difficulty in rural areas. The best way of urbanization is to solve the problems of agriculture, countryside and farmers. Accelerate the pace of urbanization construction in Henan province, highlight key points, and provide policy support and financial support. Counties should make full use of financial support, strengthen infrastructure construction, and strengthen the radiation-driven role of county towns in surrounding urban and rural areas. Some counties, cities or towns can set up parks according to their own conditions, guide enterprises to concentrate in cities and towns, combine industrialization with urbanization, vigorously develop block economy, and strive to form agglomeration effect.
3. Adjust the industrial structure and accelerate the agricultural process.
Agriculture is the foundation of county economy. As a typical agricultural province, the industrialized management of agriculture in Henan Province is the fundamental way to revitalize agriculture and rural economy. Promote traditional agriculture, adjust agricultural structure and expand agricultural development space. Give full play to the conditions and resource advantages of each county, and develop and expand the scale of characteristic planting and breeding, such as? The first county of flowers and trees? Yanling county cultivates characteristic industries such as flowers, animal husbandry, cotton, melons and vegetables, and promotes the strategic adjustment of agricultural structure. Initial formation? One village, one product, one township and one industry? Or? Multi-village, one product, multi-township, one industry? The development model of. In addition, to solve the problem of difficult and inefficient selling of agricultural products, it requires the development of agricultural products processing industry, from simple processing to deep processing, and realize the value-added processing of agricultural products.
? 4. Actively develop the labor economy and promote the transfer of rural surplus labor.
Henan Province is the most populous province in China, with abundant labor resources and a large number of surplus labor. The employment placement of rural surplus labor force is an important contribution to the economic development of Henan Province. In view of the abundant labor resources, we should actively develop the labor economy, change the population advantage into economic advantage, improve the quality of migrant workers, and strengthen the vocational skills training of migrant workers. Collecting employment information extensively, according to the actual situation of farmers' culture and skills, carrying out professional training in clothing and knitting, organizing the export of migrant workers on a large scale, and implementing the industrialized operation of labor export have made contributions to the improvement of Henan's overall economic level. Xinyang, located in the south of Henan, has played an exemplary role in the transfer of surplus labor in Henan. For example, in Nuxin County, of the county's population of 360,000, the rural population is 280,000, and one quarter of them get rich by labor economy. In recent years, in 2009, under the background of crisis, Xinxian exported 70,000 laborers. 1 000 More than 1000 successful people returned to their hometowns to start businesses, which provided a continuous impetus for the economic development of Xinxian County.
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