Xue Qian Reisen
A self-test of a missile launch was about to begin, but the weather was very bad at that time. Whether it can be launched, the commander, chief of staff and Qian Xuesen of the test base have different opinions. According to the regulations at that time, each launch report must be signed by three people, and then ask Marshal Nie Rongzhen for approval. But at that time, the commander and chief of staff said that it could not be sent, but Qian Xuesen said with confidence that it could be launched, thus forming a situation of 2: 1, so he gave Nie Shuai the report signed by Qian Xuesen. Unexpectedly, Nie Shuaishuang quickly approved the launch, and said that if there were only those two signatures without the signature of Dean Qian, I would not dare to approve them. Do you think this missile was successfully launched? As a result, the missile really succeeded this time.
2. A popular science story is about 200 words, and it takes two minutes to complete.
Madame Curie was a great physicist. She was born in Poland, and her real name is Mary. Because she married a young French scholar pierre curie, she was later called Madame Curie. She and her husband discovered and confirmed the existence of radium. Next, we will tell you how the Curies discovered radium, a mysterious substance.
1898, French physicist AntoineHenriBecquerel discovered that uranium-containing substances can emit a mysterious ray, but failed to reveal the mystery of this ray. Mary and her husband Pierrecurie)*** * * both undertook the work of studying this kind of radiation. They separated and analyzed pitchblende under extremely difficult conditions, and finally found two new elements in July 1898 and February 12.
To commemorate her native Poland, she named one element polonium and the other element radium, which means "radioactive substance". In order to prepare pure radium compounds, it took Madame Curie another four years (MarieCuI7e, 1867- 1934) to extract1o0mg of radium chloride from several tons of pitchblende residue, and the relative atomic mass of radium was preliminarily determined to be 225. This simple figure embodies the hard work and sweat of the Curie couple.
1In June, 903, Madame Curie took "Research on Radioactive Substances" as her doctoral thesis and obtained a doctorate in physics from the University of Paris. In June165438+1October of the same year, the Curies were awarded the David Gold Medal by the Royal Society. In February 65438, together with Bekkerel, they won the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics.
3.200-word scientific celebrity story
British scientist cavendish.
It is said that cavendish is well educated, but not as educated as Britain. He is untidy, and almost no clothes can't be buttoned; He is unsociable, talkative, never married, and leads a strange reclusive life. In order to do scientific research, Cavendish turned the living room into a laboratory, and there were many observation instruments at the bedside of the bedroom, so as to observe the astronomical phenomena at any time. He inherited a large inheritance from his ancestors and became a millionaire. But he is not stingy at all. Once, one of his servants borrowed money from him because he was ill. Without hesitation, he wrote a check for10,000 and asked if it would be enough. Cavendish likes books very much. He numbered his large collection of books according to different categories and managed them in an orderly way. Whether he borrowed books or even read them himself, he went through the registration formalities without exception. Cavendish can be regarded as a scholar who lived and worked until he was 79 years old and was still doing experiments on the eve of his death. Cavendish won many nicknames in his life, such as Frankenstein, giant of science, the richest scholar and the most learned millionaire. [2]
Regard fame and fortune as clouds
Once Cavendish attended a banquet, an Austrian scientist flattered Cavendish to his face. He was coy at first, but then he was at a loss. Finally, he stood up and rushed out of the room and went home in a carriage. Cavendish is taciturn. He often sits beside visiting guests without saying a word, thinking about scientific problems in his mind, which makes some idle literati feel embarrassed and disappointed. He devoted his life to scientific research and achieved fruitful results, but only published two unimportant papers. (In fact, it is because he is so withdrawn and shy that even he and the housekeeper need to communicate by letter; Even when I attend the weekly party held by the bank, I ask the participants to pretend that he doesn't exist and ask him for advice like no one else's watching. Maybe you can get a vague answer or an angry scream. )
His lab.
A monument was built in memory of this great scientist. Later, his descendants' relative, S.C. cavendish, Duke of Devon VIII, donated a fortune to Cambridge University on 187 1 to build a laboratory. It was originally a teaching laboratory of physics department named after H. Cavendish, and later it was expanded into a research and education center including the whole physics department, and was named after the whole Cavendish family. The center pays attention to independent, systematic and group pioneering experiments and theoretical exploration, in which the key equipment advocates independent control. This laboratory has made great contributions to the development of physical science. In the past century, the number of Nobel Prize winners trained by Cavendish Laboratory has reached 26. Maxwell, Rayleigh, J·J· Thomson, Rutherford, etc. Has presided over the laboratory.
Sleeping manuscript
After Cavendish died in 18 10, his nephew Qizhi left 20 bundles of experimental notes left by Cavendish intact in the bookcase, and no one touched it. Who knows that the manuscript was kept in the bookcase for 70 years until 187 1. When Maxwell, another master of electricity, applied to be a professor at Cambridge University and was in charge of building Cavendish laboratory, these intelligent and painstaking notes were given a chance to return to the world. Maxwell carefully read the work of predecessors 100 years ago and was shocked. He even lamented, "Cavendish is perhaps the greatest experimental physicist of all time. He almost foresaw all the great facts in electricity. These facts later became famous through the works of Coulomb and French philosophers. " From then on, Maxwell decided to put aside some of his own research topics and try to sort out these manuscripts, so that Cavendish's brilliant thoughts could be handed down. It's really a masterpiece, the romance of two generations. This is a story in the history of science.
Concentrated and shy
Cavendish also took part in some social activities. Joseph banks, a famous naturalist, holds a gathering of scientific celebrities at home once a week, and cavendish will also attend. Banks specifically warned others not to go near the man who stayed in the corner. If he expresses his opinion on a certain issue, people will pretend to be indifferent to him and pretend not to hear him. If the issue under discussion has nothing to do with science, people will hear a sudden exclamation behind them and turn around to see that cavendish is moving towards another quieter corner.
4. Scientists inspirational story 200 words
Hawking, a scientist, seems to have a weak learning ability when he was a child. He learned to read very late. After school, he never got into the top 65,438+00 in his class. Moreover, because his homework is always "untidy", his teachers think he is "hopeless" and his classmates regard him as the object of ridicule.
When Hawking 12 years old, two boys in the class took a bag of candy and bet that he would never succeed. The classmates ironically nicknamed him "Einstein". Who knows, after more than 20 years, the little boy who was not outstanding in those days really became a master of physics. What is the reason?
As it turns out, with the growth of age, Hawking became interested in how everything works. He often takes things apart to get to the bottom of them, but when he reassembles them, there is nothing he can do. However, his parents didn't punish him for it, and his father even gave him a "coach" in math and physics.
At the age of thirteen or fourteen, Hawking found himself very interested in the study of physics. Although middle school physics is too easy and simple, it is particularly boring, but he thinks it is the most basic science, which is expected to solve the problem of where people come from and why they are here. Since then, Hawking has started a real scientific exploration.
5. The story of the scientist (within 200 words)
The story of movable type printing in Bi Sheng
In the early days, books were printed in full page. It is said that my brother Bi Sheng invented movable type printing, and the printing efficiency has been improved by dozens of times. The younger brothers learn from their older brothers.
While demonstrating and explaining, Bi Sheng introduced his invention to his younger brothers without reservation.
He first made delicate clay into small squares, engraved them with raised backhand characters one by one, hardened them with fire, and put them in the square according to vowels. Then spread a layer of glue (rosin, wax, paper scraps) on the iron plate, arrange the words one by one according to the paragraph, enclose them with an iron frame and heat them with fire. When the glue cools slightly, flatten the layout with a flat plate, and then print it after it is completely cooled. After printing, bake the printing plate with fire, melt the adhesive, remove the movable type one by one, and save it for typesetting next time.
The younger brothers can't help but exclaim. A younger brother said, "There are more than 5,000 volumes of the Tripitaka, and 6,543,800+3,000 pieces of wood have been carved, which can't fit in one room. How many teenagers have spent their heart and blood! If you use the senior method, you can finish it in a few months. Brother, how did you come up with such a clever way? "
"My two sons taught me!" Bi Sheng said.
"Your son? It won't be like this. They will only' play house'. "
"You're right! Just rely on this' house'. " Bi Sheng said with a smile, "Before Tomb-Sweeping Day last year, I took my wife and children back to my hometown to worship my ancestors. One day, two sons played house, making pots, bowls, tables, chairs, pigs and people out of mud and arranging them around at will. My eyes suddenly lit up, and I thought, why don't I play house, too: carve a single word seal with mud, so that you can arrange it at will and put it in the article? Ha ha! Isn't this what my son taught me? "
Other disciples also burst out laughing.
"But in this house, all the children have played and all the brothers have seen it. Why only you invented movable type printing? " Or the little teacher younger brother asked.
After a while, the master said, "Among your other disciples, Bi Sheng is the most thoughtful. He has been thinking about new ways to improve work efficiency! Rome was not built in a day. "
"Oh-!" The other disciples are enlightened.
6. The story of the scientist is 200 words.
1862 One morning in August, Edison was selling newspapers at a small station. Suddenly looking up, I saw a little boy of three or four years old squatting on the rail and playing with stones, and a truck was galloping towards him. Edison let out a whoop of "Ouch", threw down the newspaper, rushed down the platform in desperation, and grabbed the child. At this moment, the train roared past his ear. That was close! Edison held the little boy and fell to the side of the railway track. His face and hands were cut, but the child was saved.
The little boy's father is Mackenzie, the stationmaster of this station. He is an excellent operator. Mackenzie saw this thrilling scene with his own eyes and was moved incoherently: "Thank you … thank you, thank you for saving … my child!" " "
Edison smiled indifferently. He picked up the newspaper from the ground, patted the dust on his body, boarded the train and left.
The next day, when Edison's train pulled into the station, Mackenzie was already waiting on the platform. He said to Edison sincerely, "I have nothing to reward you." I hear you are very interested in telegrams. If you like, I can teach you how to send and receive telegrams and make you a telegraph operator. "These words are from the heart of little Edison. He happily accepted Mackenzie's kindness and followed him to learn the technology of sending and receiving telegrams.
Edison studied very attentively and made rapid progress. Only three months later, he was proficient in sending and receiving telegrams. Mackenzie recommended him to be a train station operator. This unexpected learning opportunity laid a good foundation for Edison's great inventions in the future.
Newton: The Story of Two Isaacs
One evening, Newton, who was meditating, subconsciously walked to the apple orchard in the backyard. In the garden, the apple trees are covered with ripe apples, and the air is filled with refreshing fruit fragrance, which Newton was completely unaware of.
Suddenly, with a click, a ripe apple on the tree was blown to the ground by the wind. Newton's idea jumped: Hey! Why don't apples fall into the sky? Is the gravity of the earth attracting it? !
Newton immediately made an association and extended it. People think that the force that the earth attracts apples is the same as the force that the earth makes the moon revolve around itself and the force that the sun makes the planets revolve around itself. It is concluded that gravity is also called "gravity".
7. The short story about scientists is more than 200 words.
Georg simon ohm was born in Herungen City. His father is a locksmith. My father taught himself the knowledge of mathematics and physics, and taught Ohm in his teens, which aroused Ohm's interest in science. /kloc-At the age of 0/6, he entered He Run University to study mathematics, physics and philosophy. Dropped out of school due to financial difficulties, and did not finish his doctoral studies until 18 13. Ohm is a man with great talent and scientific ambition. He has been a middle school teacher for a long time. Due to the lack of information and instruments, his research work has brought many difficulties. But he has been persistently conducting scientific research and making his own instruments in a lonely and hard environment.
Ohm studied the current in the wire. He was inspired by the law of heat conduction discovered by Fourier, and the heat flow between two points in a heat conducting rod is directly proportional to the temperature difference between the two points. So Ohm thinks that the current phenomenon is similar to this, and guesses that the current between two points in the wire may be proportional to some driving force between them, which is now called electromotive force. Ohm spent a lot of energy on this research. At first, he used voltaic pile as power supply, but the effect was not good because of the unstable current. Later, he accepted the advice of others and used thermoelectric battery as power supply, thus ensuring the stability of current. But how to measure the current was still an unsolved problem at that time. At first, ohm used the thermal effect of current to measure the current by expanding with heat and contracting with cold, but it is difficult to get accurate results by this method. Later, he combined the current magnetic effect discovered by Oster with Coulomb torsion balance, and skillfully designed a current torsion balance, in which a twisted wire was used to hang a magnetic needle, so that the electrified wire and the magnetic needle were placed in parallel along the meridian direction. Then a bismuth-copper thermoelectric battery is used, one end of which is immersed in boiling water and the other end is immersed in crushed ice. Two mercury tanks are used as electrodes and connected by copper wires. When the current passes through the wire, the deflection angle of the magnetic needle is proportional to the current in the wire. He published the experimental results in 1826. 1827, Ohm summed up his experimental laws into the following formula in the book Mathematical Research of Circuits: S = γ E, where s stands for current; E stands for electrodynamic force, that is, the potential difference between the two ends of the wire, γ is the conductivity of the wire to the current, and its reciprocal is the resistance.
In the early days of the discovery of Ohm's Law, many physicists could not correctly understand and evaluate this discovery, and were doubted and sharply criticized. The research results were ignored and the economy was extremely difficult, which made Ohm depressed. It was not until 184 1 the Royal Society awarded him the highest honor-the copley Gold Medal, that it attracted the attention of the German scientific community.
Ohm also proved in many of his works that resistance is directly proportional to the length of the conductor and inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area and conductivity of the conductor; In the case of constant current, the charge moves not only on the surface of the conductor, but also on the whole cross section of the conductor.
In memory of him, people named ohm's surname as the physical unit for measuring resistance.
8.200-word story of scientists
1, Newton's story
Newton is a world-famous scientist. Newton loved animals when he was a child. Once, his friend gave him a dog and a cat. Newton was very happy to receive the gift and took good care of his new friend. In order to facilitate dogs and cats to enter and leave the room, Newton dug two holes by the door, one large and one small. Someone asked him why you dug two holes, one big and one small.
Newton replied, "Can a dog go through a cat hole?" Newton's childhood was unfortunate. His father died three months before he was born. At the age of two, my mother remarried to a neighboring village. Newton had to live with his grandmother. He never spends money recklessly. His only hobby is making small crafts, saving pocket money, buying tools such as saws and hammers, and hiding in the house after school.
Newton was very attentive when he studied. Once I boiled an egg, thinking about the mathematical formula in my heart, I mistakenly threw my watch into the pot as an egg. Another time, I started working on a problem in the morning and forgot to have lunch. When he felt hungry, it was dusk. He walked out of the study, and a breeze made him feel unusually fresh. It suddenly occurred to me: am I not eating? How to walk into the courtyard!
So he immediately turned around and went into the study again. When he saw the draft spread out on the table, he forgot to eat, and immediately he was nervously prone on the table to calculate.
2. The story of Madame Curie
Madame Curie was a French-born Polish scientist who studied radioactivity and won the Nobel Prize twice in her life. Mary has been studying very hard since she was a child. She has a strong interest in learning and special hobbies. She never misses any learning opportunities easily, and shows tenacious enterprising spirit everywhere. Since primary school, she has been the first in every subject.
15 years old, graduated from high school with a gold medal. Her father studied physics at St. Petersburg University earlier, and her father's thirst for scientific knowledge and strong enterprising spirit also deeply influenced little Mary. She likes all kinds of instruments in her father's laboratory since she was a child. When she grew up, she read many books about natural science.
What makes her more full of fantasy is that she is eager to explore the scientific world. But her family at that time did not allow her to go to college. /kloc-started to be a tutor for a long time at the age of 0/9, and at the same time taught himself various courses to prepare for future study. In this way, until the age of 24, she finally came to study at the Faculty of Science of Paris University. She has a strong thirst for knowledge.
Listen carefully in every class. Hard study makes her grades worse and worse, but her academic performance has always been among the best, which not only envies her classmates, but also surprises her professors. After two years in school, she confidently took part in the bachelor's degree examination in physics, and among 30 candidates, she won the first place. The next year, she won a bachelor's degree in mathematics with the second place.
3. Franklin's story
1one day in June, 752, in the suburb of Philadelphia, USA, it was covered with dark clouds and thunder and lightning. On a wide lawn, two people, an old man and a young man, are flying kites with great interest. Suddenly, a flash of lightning cut through the clouds and drew a "Z" in the sky. Then there was a loud thunder and the rain poured down. The old man shouted, "William, stand in the straw house over there and tighten the kite string."
At this time, lightning flashed one after another, and the thunder was louder and louder. Suddenly William shouted, "Dad, look!" " "The old man looked in the direction pointed by his son, only to see that the original bare and taut hemp rope suddenly burst into anger, and those tiny fibers stood up straight. He shouted happily, "It's coming!" He told his son to be careful.
While slowly approaching the copper key connected with the hemp rope by hand. Suddenly, as if he had been pushed, he fell to the ground and was numb. Without considering the pain, he got up from the ground and connected the Leyden bottle he had brought with him to the bronze key. There is electricity in this Leyden bottle, which releases electric sparks. It turns out that the sky electricity and the earth electricity are the same!
He and his son took the Leyden bottle home like a treasure. The people who seized Sky Power were Franklin and his son William. Franklin was not only a great scientist, but also an outstanding politician and diplomat. He was one of the founders of the Declaration of Independence and the first American ambassador abroad.
After the kite experiment, Franklin wrote a paper about the similarity between lightning and electricity, expounded the essence of lightning, and put forward the idea of making lightning rods to protect buildings from lightning. The lightning rod invented by Franklin was all the rage and spread to Britain, France, Germany, Europe and America.
4. The story of Nobel
Nobel's father is a talented inventor who devoted himself to chemical research, especially explosives. Influenced by his father, Nobel showed a tenacious and brave character from an early age. He often goes to test explosives with his father. Years of studying explosives with his father also made his interest quickly turn to applied chemistry.
1in the summer of 862, he began to study nitroglycerin. This is a difficult journey full of danger and sacrifice. Death has always been with him. An explosion experiment exploded and the laboratory was blown up without a trace. All five assistants were killed, even his youngest brother. This amazing explosion accident.
Nobel's father suffered a very heavy blow and died soon. His neighbors, out of fear, also sued Nobel. Since then, Nobel has been forbidden to carry out experiments in this city. But Nobel is indomitable. He moved his laboratory to a boat in a suburban lake to continue his experiment. After long-term research, he finally found a substance that is very easy to cause explosion.
Mercury fulminate, he used mercury fulminate as explosive detonator, which successfully solved the problem of explosive detonation. This is the invention of detonator. This is a major breakthrough on Nobel's scientific road. Nobel made many inventions in his life and obtained 255 patents, including 129 kinds of explosives. As he lay dying, he was still obsessed with the research of new explosives.
5. The Story of Watt
Watt was born in England. Because his family is poor, he has no chance to go to school. First as an apprentice in a watch shop, then as an instrument repairman at Glasgow University. Watt is clever and studious. He often takes time to listen to professors' lectures. Plus, he plays with those musical instruments all day, and he has a lot of knowledge. 1764, Glasgow University received a newcomen steam engine, which needed maintenance.
The task was given to Watt. After Watt repaired it, I watched how hard he worked, just like an old man panting and walking with a heavy load, and felt that it should be improved. He noticed that the main problem was that the cylinder body was hot and cold with the steam every time, which wasted a lot of heat. Can you keep the temperature low and the piston work as usual?
So he rented a cellar at his own expense, collected several scrapped steam engines and decided to build a new machine. From then on, Watt fiddled with these machines all day, and after two years, he finally took on a new look. But when trying to light the fire, the tank leaked everywhere. Watt tried to wrap it in felt and tarpaulin. Months passed, but he still failed to solve the problem.
Watt didn't give up. After unremitting efforts, he finally designed a condenser separated from the cylinder, which increased the thermal efficiency by three times and used only a quarter of the original coal. As soon as this key place broke through, Watt suddenly felt that the future was bright. He went to the university to ask Professor Black some theoretical questions, and the professor introduced him to Wilkin, the technician who invented the boring machine.
Technicians immediately made the cylinder and piston by boring the barrel, which solved the most troublesome air leakage problem. 1784, Watt's steam engine was equipped with a crankshaft and a flywheel. The piston can be continuously driven by steam coming from both sides, and the valve does not need manual adjustment, so the world's first real steam engine was born.
9. The story of the scientist (within 200 words)
Einstein's truancy
1895 spring, Einstein 16 years old. According to the laws of Germany at that time, only when the boy left Germany before the age of 17 could he not have to come back for military service. Because he hated militarism and couldn't bear to stay in the barracks alone-just like Louis Polder Middle School, Einstein decided to leave Germany and go to Italy to reunite with his parents without consulting his parents. However, what if I drop out of school and can't get my diploma later? Einstein, who has always been honest and simple, came up with a self-righteous idea in a hurry. He asked the math teacher to give him a certificate to prove that his math scores were excellent and he reached the university level early. I got a sick note from a familiar doctor, saying that it was neurasthenia and I needed to go home and rest. Einstein thought that with these two proofs, he could escape from this disgusting place. Who knows, before he applied, the dean called him and ordered him to drop out of school on the grounds that he corrupted the class spirit and disobeyed the school discipline. Einstein blushed. For whatever reason, he was willing to leave this middle school and didn't care about anything. He just suddenly felt guilty that he had come up with a cunning idea but it didn't come true. Einstein felt guilty every time he mentioned it later. Perhaps this kind of thing is far from his frank and sincere personality.
10. Ask the scientist 10 short story 100 to about 200 words.
Qian Xuesen
A missile launch test was about to begin, but the weather was very bad. Whether it can be launched, the commander, chief of staff and Qian Xuesen of the test base have different opinions. According to the regulations at that time, each launch report must be signed by three people, and then ask Marshal Nie Rongzhen for approval. But at that time, the commander and chief of staff said that it could not be sent, but Qian Xuesen said with confidence that it could be launched, thus forming a situation of 2: 1, so he gave Nie Shuai the report signed by Qian Xuesen. Unexpectedly, Nie Shuaishuang quickly approved the launch, and said that if there were only those two signatures without the signature of Dean Qian, I would not dare to approve them. Do you think this missile was successfully launched? As a result, the missile really succeeded this time.
Pauli
Once, the Italian physicist segre, who later discovered antiprotons, finished his report and Pauli left the meeting room. Pauli said to him, "I have never heard such a bad report as yours." At that time, segre said nothing. Pauli thought for a moment, then turned to Brescher, a Swiss physical chemist who was traveling with them, and said, "If you give a report, the situation will be even worse. Of course, except for your opening remarks in Zurich last time. "
fisher
In Germany, many people like to listen to concerts or watch operas, and Fisher is also a fan. After work, as long as there are performances in concert halls and opera houses, he is a must-see audience. One day, there happened to be an opera performance in this city. After the experiment, Fisher packed up his laboratory and went to the Opera House. As soon as he entered the opera house, he found some people far away from him. He didn't mind and began to find his own seat. As soon as they found their seats, the audience around them behaved strangely: at first, they were whispering, and then, as if someone had given an order, everyone took out handkerchiefs to cover their noses, twisted their bodies like avoiding the plague, and some people tried to escape from their seats. Finally, someone couldn't stand it anymore and shouted, "What stinks? Who put this groom who just came out of the stable into the theater! " "Fisher woke up from a rude awakening at this time. It turned out that he brought great inconvenience to the audience. He stood up and left the theatre quickly. When he got home, Fisher carefully took a bath and changed his clothes from the inside out, but the smell still existed, as if it were emanating from his skin. Fisher is a little depressed, so it seems that he can't watch the opera. But for scientific research, this sacrifice is nothing.
Madame Curie
Just as the Curies became more and more famous and further studied radium, Mr. Curie died in an accident. With great grief, Madame Curie refused to hold a parade and a speech for Mr. Curie, and only asked that Mr. Curie be buried in his hometown mother's cemetery with the simplest ceremony.
Madame Curie continued to study radium in depth while teaching. She also organized a radium research group to introduce radium, a mysterious element, to all countries in the world. 19111February, the doctor of science of Swedish Institute announced that she was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry this year. In the history of the Nobel Prize, only Madame Curie won this honor twice. As usual, Madame Curie will give a public speech in Stockholm. Accompanied by her sister and eldest daughter Irina.
Nobel
Nobel is a veritable billionaire, and his wealth has accumulated to 3 billion Swedish dollars. But he is very different from many rich people. He has always despised money and property. When his mother died, he donated all her legacy to charity, leaving only a photo of her as a permanent memorial. He said: "Money is enough as long as it can solve a person's life. If there are too many, it will become a scourge to curb talents. For people with children, parents only need to leave them education expenses. It is wrong to give them extra property besides education expenses, that is, to encourage laziness, which will prevent the next generation from developing their independent living ability and intelligence. "