Several skills in writing articles:
1, serious writing is the prerequisite for success. Readers will leave a good impression on you at first sight;
2. When writing, pay more attention to the selection of materials and forms, and express your wisdom, thoughts and pursuits, even if the reviewers are ashamed;
3, the article should be full of strong feelings, because only strong feelings can touch people's hearts;
4. Slightly modify the material in your hand to make it more touching, vivid and beautiful. This is not false, but beautification;
5. Add at least one novel attempt that you have never used in your writing. Only when you feel fresh, others will feel fresh;
6. Writing in the first person is most suitable for lyricism, which increases the realism and credibility of the article.
2. First, the composition test training how to write a composition test training how to write an article Several skills: 1, serious writing is the premise of success.
Readers will leave a good impression on you at first sight; 2. When writing, pay more attention to the selection of materials and forms, and express your wisdom, thoughts and pursuits, even if the reviewers are ashamed; 3, the article should be full of strong feelings, because only strong feelings can touch people's hearts; 4. Slightly modify the material in your hand to make it more touching, vivid and beautiful. This is not false, but beautification; 5. Add at least one novel attempt that you have never used in your writing. Only when you feel fresh, others will feel fresh; 6. Writing in the first person is most suitable for lyricism, which increases the realism and credibility of the article.
3. How to examine the concept of composition examination (famous teachers talk about composition)
Super teacher Yin Guangli
Examination of the topic is to think and analyze the composition topic carefully and comprehensively before writing, correctly understand the purpose and significance of solving the problem, and clarify the requirements of writing. Off-topic is the taboo of composition. How to review the questions?
First, think about the meaning of the topic. When you see the composition topic, you should first read all the words of the topic carefully, word for word, and never ignore any word of the topic. You should think while reading and understand the literal meaning of the topic. Such as "precious gift", the title means: very valuable, precious items given by others.
Second, think about the genre of the article. When reviewing a topic, you can generally determine the writing genre by grasping the central words of the topic, such as "My mother", "My pencil box", "A corner of the park" and "Unforgettable little things". The central words of the topic are "mom", "pencil box", "a corner" and "small things", so it is not difficult to determine the writing genre respectively: writing people, writing things and writing scenes. The head word of a topic usually precedes the word "de", and the word "de" can also be added.
Third, think about the scope of material selection. When reviewing questions, we must pay attention to recognizing those restrictive words one by one. For example, "A classmate who studies hard" is a narrative mainly about people. Grasp the qualifier "one" and make it clear that the number of writing objects is one classmate, not several classmates; "Learning" makes it clear that the content of writing is about "learning"; "Effort" defines the center of writing. There is no strict restriction on "time" in this topic. You can decide for yourself, you can write about your classmates in kindergarten or your classmates in primary school. If the topic is a word, you can expand the topic first and then investigate. For example, "gift" is first expanded to "gift for mom on March 8th" to clarify the meaning of the question again.
Fourth, think about the key points of writing. There are often some words in the title that reveal the ideological significance of the article or show the feeling of color. This is the key word in the title, also called the title eye. If you find the topic, you can grasp the key points of the article writing. For example, "precious gift" is a phrase, "precious" is a word that modifies and restricts "gift" and is a title. The point of writing is to write clearly why this gift is precious.
4. When writing a composition, examine the questions first, and then decide whether to choose materials or examine the questions.
In my mind, choosing Chinese is a basic cultural course. Compared with mathematics and English, Chinese is a relatively easy course to learn, but it is difficult for most people to achieve excellent results in Chinese exams. What is the reason? Combined with the Chinese teaching practice in recent years, I would like to talk about my own views here. A Chinese test paper may have a variety of questions, but in a nutshell, it is nothing more than two major items: first, basic knowledge, including book knowledge and extracurricular knowledge related to books; The second is composition.
When studying and reviewing Chinese, many students often pay attention to the basic knowledge and write down what the teacher says and writes in class, so when they get this part of the content, they rarely lose points on it; But I don't pay attention to composition, thinking it's just an article, patchwork. In fact, this is just putting the cart before the horse.
In Chinese test papers, composition is always listed as a separate item, and scores account for the largest proportion in the whole test paper. Some students have done a good job in basic knowledge, but their compositions may not be well written; On the contrary, students who write a good composition are usually not much worse than the previous basic knowledge.
In recent years, most of the essays in examination papers are topic essays, which often provide an open and binding "topic" for candidates to associate and imagine. Writing such a composition gives candidates more room to play, but it is not easy to write a standardized article. Even so, topic composition does not mean that you can write casually.
There are still standards for judging questioners, and candidates can't write at will. In other words, both questioners and writers have certain limitations and greater freedom.
At first glance, these two characteristics seem to be contradictory, but they are not. The limitation of examiners is that they can't make propositions at will, and they have to consider social factors and candidates' situation; Freedom is manifested in the flexible way of proposition: giving materials or topics, taking narrative or argumentative papers, and taking one or more courses.
There are many restrictions on writers, such as topics, examination rooms and time. Of course, candidates are not completely free. The determination of writing angle, the selection of materials and the application of skills can still be finalized by ourselves to a certain extent.
Let's talk about how to write a topic composition well in some situations that students appear in writing in general composition teaching. When you encounter a composition problem in practice or exam, don't write it without thinking. You must take the right steps.
Although writing an article is difficult and complicated, and several steps cross each other, it can still be divided into examining the topic, establishing the theme, selecting materials, planning the layout of the article, using skills, connecting writing and reviewing and revising. Understanding and mastering the characteristics and laws of each link can speed up the writing and improve the writing quality. Now, several steps are briefly described as follows.
First, examine the topic, that is, examine the meaning of the topic, find out the requirements of the proposition for writing, and try to figure out the intention of the proposition. When students get composition topics or materials such as words and pictures, they must consider such a question: What does the proposer want to test himself through this topic or this material?
Most people didn't read the topic carefully, or only saw the superficial content, and didn't understand the deep meaning of the proposer, so the article they wrote was off topic. To make the exam accurate, we must know what to take and how to take it.
1. Genre identification is to see what kind of writing style the proposition requires, whether it is narrative, explanatory or argumentative. There are two ways: one is to see whether the proposition puts forward genre restrictions.
Some propositions have indicated that writing an argumentative essay is the only way you can do it. The second is to see if there are words expressing genre in the topic.
Narrative often includes "memory", "memory", "travel", "one thing" and "a scene". Explanatory articles often include "introduction", "self-report" and "how to". Argumentative essays often include "theory", "talk", "discussion", "feeling" and "enlightenment" 2. Determine the scope The "scope" mentioned here refers to the width of the content of the written article.
For example, writing about people, whether to write about yourself or others, whether to write one or several; When writing, the time and place involved should be specific and clear. 3. Grasping the key points is to weigh the important contents to be written.
For a given topic, we should grasp the key words, that is, the so-called "eye-catching", and be good at analyzing grammatical components. The additional components of phrases and the predicate components of sentences are generally important contents of writing. For the composition of your own topic, you should be able to write the main idea around your own topic.
Some material compositions can establish more than one argument, so once a central argument is determined, it should be fully discussed. You can't discuss around this center and then discuss around another central argument. The article written in this way must be "multi-headed". Second, the concept of the ancients said, "Set your mind before you write", that is, first establish the title of the article before you write.
If you write a narrative, you must determine its theme; If you write explanatory text, you must determine the main content and intention of the explanation; If you write an argumentative essay, you must determine the central argument. Correct, positive, profound and novel are the basic requirements of conception, and correct conception is the most important.
Its method is: give an idea on the topic. The same topic is written in different ways and conceived in roughly the same way.
The conception method of material composition is abstract, that is, the meaning of the specific content of material is extended to a universal truth; We can't grasp the fragmentary words and details of the material, and we can't just stay on the surface without making a rational summary. Otherwise, we are either superficial, detached or even irrelevant. Third, material selection is to choose good materials suitable for the theme.
After the main idea of an article is established, it is necessary to consider what materials can be used in the article. Some students' argumentative essays are examples from beginning to end, and they never consider whether each example conforms to the main idea. There is no sentence connection between examples.
So what is good material? Targeted, typical and fresh materials are good materials. The so-called pertinence means that the center of the article is consistent with the material, and the material can express or prove the center; The so-called typicality means that the selected materials are representative; The so-called freshness is to try to avoid excessive use by others.
5. What if primary school students can't judge the questions when writing a composition? Personally, I feel that writing a composition is good. Personally, I feel that there is no shortcut, and it is not helpful to talk too much about theoretical things. When writing, you should think about the distance before writing.
The key lies in the usual accumulation and flexible use, writing your own ideas in a literary way, expressing them in an implicit and elegant way, writing your own thoughts, writing your own personality, writing your own characteristics, writing your own self, imitating without plagiarism, judging without extremes, and someone will definitely appreciate it! Personally, I think a good article is written on a whim and then painstakingly revised! There should be a few in one go. In addition, writing a composition should pay attention to three steps: first, establish a "vocabulary" in language.
2) To strengthen the accumulation of materials. Third, we should strengthen ideological accumulation.
6. What should I pay attention to when writing a composition? 1. Holistic cognitive method This is the most commonly used skill in topic examination. This method requires that every word in the title, the meaning of every word and the relationship between them should be carefully scrutinized, analyzed and then synthesized to grasp the theme of the article as a whole.
? Each word in the title has its own specific meaning in a specific language environment. Therefore, when reviewing questions, we must make clear the specific meaning of this word and its relationship with other words. For example, the topic of "father" is to write about a contemporary of his father, and his father is not a person, but represents a group of people. If you don't know the meaning of the word father, then the composition is beside the point. Another example is the object of the sentence "A new thing happened in my class recently", which tells us that the composition is about a "thing". What kind of thing is it? It is not an ordinary trivial matter, nor an ordinary good thing, but a "fresh" thing.
This new thing is not much, it is "one thing", and it didn't happen in the past, it happened "recently". At the same time, "my classroom" limits the space where things happen. When doing this topic, ignoring any word is easy to cause irrelevant words, so the examination of the topic should be comprehensively analyzed.
2. There are "literary eyes" in the eye-grabbing method, "poetic eyes" in the poem and "eyes" in the title. The so-called "eye gaze" is the key to the composition topic.
When examining the questions, I grasped the core and key points of the questions. In most cases, titles are often used as attributes or adverbials in titles, such as "our new monitor" and "new", but sometimes there are headwords as titles, such as "Mom smiled", in which "smile" is the title. When writing, you should capture the title according to the specific language environment.
3. The method of extending the meaning of the title. Some words in the composition topic have not only superficial meanings, but also symbolic meanings. We should carefully look for some profound or symbolic meanings behind its literal meaning. This kind of theme often takes some natural scenery as the theme, such as roads, grasslands, snowflakes, spring, morning glory, fallen leaves and so on. In addition, you can also use the hint marks given in the composition to examine the questions, that is, the so-called marking method or the thinking of seeking differences, that is, the so-called new method of turning an enemy into a friend. In short, there are many ways to examine questions. In the process of writing practice, we should pay attention to the needs of writing content and expressing ideas, and choose appropriate methods appropriately to write excellent works.
The specific approach is: first meet the meaning of the question. If it is a topic composition, it should focus on the topic.
If it is a propositional composition, it is necessary to distinguish the types, the topic is the viewpoint, and it can be expanded in words; The topic is the topic, establish your own point of view; Metaphor is analogical and associates with social life. Then choose the angle.
Topic composition, multi-angle, focusing on the overall situation, starting from small things, grasping a little depth; Propositional composition, ask a few "why" to your original point of view, find out the answer, and the new point of view established from this will have new ideas. If you still have time, you can go into the room and have a detailed inspection. No matter what style it is, we should delve into the original idea, and think about "different scenery" from the perspectives of "why" and "what else can we add", which will often find you.
Take the proposition composition "Open another window" as an example. Beginners only talk about "new discoveries can be made by opening another window", and the participants will concretize the contents of another window, while those who enter the house want to explore new ideas and profound meanings from the comparison between this window and another window.
In this sense, isn't the examination of questions opening a new window? Three elements of topic composition test 1. Fully grasp the topic materials. Now that we say that the examination is not embarrassing, it does not mean that we will not examine the questions. If the current topic composition provides us with a vast grassland where we can run freely, then the first element of examination is to fully grasp the center of the material and find out the reins to control the galloping horses in the material.
Only in this way can we get the intention of the proposition right, examine the material at a certain height, grasp the center of the material when writing, and not lose sight of one thing. For example, there is such a problem: some people say that it doesn't matter what happens, don't get sick; Nothing matters. Never be short of money.
Some people say that money is not everything, and there is nothing without money. Please write an article on the topic "I see money".
After we get such a topic, if we start writing without thinking, it is easy to talk about the role of money, and maybe money worship, which is quite different from the original intention of the proposer. The material tells us that money certainly plays a great role, but are these two "what some people say" correct and biased? This requires us to analyze the materials and grasp the center of the composition proposition from the overall height of the materials.
These two "some people say" affirmed the role of money, but overemphasized it. It is inconvenient to have no money, but is money the only living condition for people? This persuasion represents many people's misunderstanding of money.
The proposition intention of this topic composition is obviously to fully affirm the role of money, but also to clarify the correct attitude towards money, that is, to pursue money legally and use it correctly, so that money can bring happiness to oneself, family and society. This is to fully grasp the materials, so that the article can gallop freely within a reasonable range and not deviate from the proposition.
Second, carefully analyze the topic materials. The choice of the correct composition entry point comes from the scientific analysis of the topic composition materials. If you want to succeed in your composition, you must make a scientific analysis of the composition materials before conception.
It should be said that the title of a composition for entering a higher school embodies the painstaking efforts of many proposition experts, and every sentence and word in the material has many profound connotations. If you turn a blind eye, or skim, it is difficult to grasp the center of the article, and it is difficult to find the right starting point.
Last year, Yangzhou's senior high school entrance examination composition topic should be said to be a very successful topic: "Pay attention everywhere and learn everywhere". If you pay attention everywhere in your life, observe carefully and think hard, then.
7. How to examine propositional and semi-propositional compositions 1? Examination of propositional compositions: In 2009, eight sets of propositional compositions were Beijing Volume One with a pair of invisible wings, Chongqing Volume One with a story, Shandong Volume Witness, Sichuan Volume Familiar with Jiangsu Volume Taste Fashion, and Hunan Volume Toe.
(1) Grasp the correct topic, make clear the key points, 1, and use knowledge to guide learning. The proposition is the title of the article. Generally speaking, there are word type, phrase type and sentence type. It seems that the topic is clear and simple, and it seems that the difficulty of reviewing the topic is not great. In fact, even a composition topic composed of a few short words will contain rich meanings, which also requires us to carefully ponder, carefully analyze and accurately understand, so as to determine the correct direction for article writing.
In the face of the examination of this kind of composition questions, we should learn to grasp that the topic "eye" is the key word that determines or guides the meaning of the topic.
Attention should be paid when examining the topic, grasping the "eye of the topic" and digging deep into the meaning of the topic. Tie it tightly when you write.
For example, the key to poetic life and poetic life lies in the word "poetic", while "de" and "land" mean that the relationship between modification and restriction is different. The attribute "de" restricts the relationship, and the writing requirement focuses on describing poetic life scenes and feelings, discovering and praising the beautiful factors in life; However, the adverbial of "land" restricts the relationship, and writing requires focusing on narration and writing, facing life with poetic vision and attitude towards life, and creating a better life.
2. The method guides the typical format of the whole proposition: title+requires that the title is a word or a sentence, which specifies the requirements of the ideological content of this composition. "Requirements" are a number of explanations, which stipulate the requirements of the genre, material selection scope, writing method, length and other forms of this composition.
Pay attention to this kind of composition questions: (1). Find out the key words as "eye questions" from the language structure of the questions. If the title is a subject-predicate structure, the title is generally a predicate, such as "contentment is always happy", and the title should be on the predicate "always happy"
There is also a modifier "Chang" before the word "le" of "Chang", which we can't ignore when examining the questions. If we only focus on "contentment" and talk about its advantages and disadvantages, we will digress.
If we describe our own or others' experiences and feelings because of contentment, or discuss the reasons for contentment, it is all relevant. If the title is a formal structure, the title is generally a modifier.
The words in the position of the central word directly stipulate the writing content and angle; However, words that modify ingredients often affect the choice of materials. For example, Symbol of Beijing and Inscription are all "Beijing", which limits the scope of writing.
In 2006, Hunan's title "Running Experience" focused on the word "running". If the title is a verb-object structure, the title is generally a verb.
For example, the topic of "facing the sea" in Shanghai in 2002 should be centered on "facing", with the focus on the emotions and associations aroused by the sea. (2) The verbs "Ji ...", "Tan ..." and "Refuting ..." in the title have restrictions on style, and the title should be on the following keywords.
For example, in 2006, the topic "Talking about Emotion" in Hunan focused on "Emotion". (3) If the topic is just a word or phrase, and the topic itself is a topic, then it is necessary to accurately and comprehensively understand the meaning of the word or phrase, not only to understand the literal meaning of the topic, but more importantly, to dig out its inner deep meaning.
Analyze the connotation and extension of title words. Could be a big problem.
For example, "Pursuit", literally speaking, the title is very empty and big, and I don't know how to start. This kind of topic should be written from a small place, and the extension should be reduced by increasing the connotation (adding qualified ingredients) (such as The Pursuit of an Old Teacher and My Pursuit). Or rhetorical expansion: such as examination room, place, lighting, exam, bridge, ideal, wish, etc. , you can use metaphor, association, metonymy, symbol and other methods to turn virtual into real, from point to area; Or use this word to describe another, or use things to describe people ... (2) clarify the relationship, clearly defined as 1. Knowledge-guided relational composition questions are recognized as a better form of composition proposition.
It consists of two or more words. There may be multi-dimensional and multi-level internal relations between concepts.
This kind of relational topic is thoughtful and speculative, which enhances the limitations of the composition. Relational composition questions can better test students' dialectical thinking ability and examine students' dialectical analysis ability.
Judging from the college entrance examination questions in recent years, the proposers are very fond of relational composition questions. For example, the emotion and cognition of things in 2003, the humanistic quality and development in Zhejiang in 2004, the material and immaterial in Tianjin, the pride and ordinary in Liaoning, the self-knowledge and expectation of others, the position and value in Chongqing, the forgetting and remembering in 2005, and the going and stopping in 2006.
In the examination of relational composition questions, we should examine the questions from the logical relationship by identifying the relational method. Therefore, recognizing and grasping the relationship between concepts and dissecting the meaning from multiple angles and levels have become a necessary prerequisite for conceiving and writing a good composition.
2. Methods To guide the examination of relational composition questions, firstly, we should accurately grasp the meaning of the topic, secondly, we should be good at grasping the internal relations between words in the topic, and thirdly, we should dig deep into the deep meaning and internal logical relationship of the composition. The relationship between the elements of relational composition questions mainly includes: (1). The relationship of unity of opposites.
In other words, there are contradictions and opposites among the elements that make up the composition question, or there are positive and negative influences, which is the unity and transformation of opposites. We should not simply affirm or deny either side. We should not only pay attention to its opposite, but also analyze its inseparable other side.
For example, "freedom and discipline", without "freedom", there is no "discipline"; Without discipline, there is no freedom. The two are the unity of opposites.
Or it can be interpreted as: without discipline, there can be no real freedom; People should have freedom, but freedom should be bound by discipline. Another example is "difficulty", "beauty and ugliness" and "advantages and disadvantages". The key point is to grasp them to some extent.