The middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River are dominated by mountains, while the middle and lower reaches are dominated by plains and hills. Because the middle section of the river flows through the Loess Plateau in China and carries a lot of sediment, it is also called the river with the largest sediment concentration in the world. However, in the history of China, the diversion of the lower Yellow River has brought great influence to human civilization.
Extended data:
Hydrological characteristics:
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China, but its natural annual runoff accounts for only 2. 1% of the national river runoff, ranking fourth among the seven major rivers in China, smaller than the Yangtze River, Pearl River and Songhua River. The flows are Yangtze River117 and Pearl River 1/8.
According to the annual runoff depth contour map, the regional distribution of water resources in the Yellow River Basin is very uneven, with a decreasing trend from south to north. Starting from Mackey in the west, crossing Jishi Mountain, reaching Daxia River and Taohe River, along the main stream of Weihe River, to the south of Fenhe River and Qinhe River watershed. It is a region rich in water resources in the Yellow River Basin, which is dominated by mountainous areas with good vegetation, with an average annual precipitation of over 600 mm and an annual runoff depth of over100 ~ 200 mm..
The northern part of the basin, which passes through Gaolan, Haiyuan, Tongxin and Dingbian to the north of Baotou Line, has a dry climate, with annual precipitation less than 300mm and annual runoff below 10mm, which is the poorest area of water resources in the Yellow River Basin. In the vast loess plateau area between the above two lines, the annual precipitation is generally 400 ~ 500mm, and the annual runoff depth is only 25 ~ 50mm, which is the main source area of the Yellow River sediment.