Only by clarifying the causes of students with learning difficulties can we help them better. Only by distinguishing the types of students with learning difficulties can we prescribe the right medicine. Only by studying the transformation principles of students with learning difficulties can we completely transform students with learning difficulties.

Keywords students with learning difficulties; Five hearts

In the process of education and teaching, there will be students with certain difficulties in study, life and discipline, which we call students with learning difficulties. They are frustrated, anxious, nervous, emotionally unstable, lack of self-confidence and concentrate on things outside their studies. These students account for about 4-6% of all students. Part of it is due to the influence of psychological dynamic system and environment, namely interest, motivation, habit, personality and environment. Transforming them is an arduous task for every educator, and it is also a subject that needs in-depth study.

First, the causes and types of students with learning difficulties

1. Causes of students with learning difficulties

The causes of students with learning difficulties are complex, including family, society, schools and individuals.

Family reasons are as follows: First, parents' improper education methods, including pampering from childhood, out of control when they grow up, rebellious character caused by stick education and so on. Second, parents' improper words and deeds, individual parents' exposure to pornography, gambling, drugs, uncivilized and disorderly language and behavior, have had a very bad influence on children; Third, family changes, such as single-parent families, parents' death and intergenerational support, will affect the healthy growth of children.

Reasons for school education: First, teachers' tangible or intangible discrimination. Although the education department explicitly prohibits discrimination against students with learning difficulties, the previous injuries and possible intangible (unintentional) discrimination cannot be said to have disappeared; Second, the deviation of teaching gives students the same requirements and elevation, some students can't keep up, and there is a knowledge gap, while teachers don't change teaching in accordance with their aptitude in time and strengthen individual counseling; Third, the failure of self-improvement, one failure without guidance, the other failure without comfort, will always be in the' quagmire' of the vicious circle of failure.

Social environment: first, the infiltration and influence of bad social atmosphere, such as: buddy spirit, big brother consciousness, infatuation with internet cafes, etc. Second, the current economic consciousness is increasingly strong, everything is money-oriented, and the trend of comparison is serious; Third, one or both parents go out to do business or work, which leads to empty nest families or take care of their elders, while some entrusted guardians are not well supervised or the older generation is too fond of them.

Personally: first, unclear thoughts and improper friends; Second, poor physical condition affects learning; Third, the development of intelligence is not synchronized with the development of physiology, and IQ is lacking.

From four reasons, as educators, we should focus on school factors and family factors to promote personal development and resist the negative influence of society.

2. Types of students with learning difficulties

According to the causes of students with learning difficulties, students with learning difficulties can be divided into the following six types: one is the psychological obstacle type caused by unclear learning purpose, lax thinking or mental illness; Second, weak will, poor self-control and many bad habits; Third, if you are sick, you can't study normally, even if you study, you will get twice the result with half the effort; Fourth, the knowledge chain is out of touch, forming a knowledge fault; Fifth, the environmental confusion caused by the interference of family environment and social environment; Sixth, the type of mental retardation with insufficient IQ.

Second, the transformation of students with learning difficulties should adhere to the principle of

1. development principle. Looking at students from a developmental perspective, there are no students who can't teach well, only teachers who can't teach well. Give students unlimited expectations and don't be arbitrary in dealing with problems.

2. Principles of science, democracy and equality. Pay attention to scientific and correct methods, adopt democratic methods, establish a democratic, equal and harmonious relationship between teachers and students, give up the dignity of teachers, enter the hearts of students, and let their souls be touched.

3. The principle of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude. Different students have different situations and need different educational methods, which requires teachers to have excellent insight.

4. Emotional principle. To transform students with learning difficulties, we should convince people with reason and guide people with emotion. Among these factors, I think emotion is the foundation.

Third, the transformation strategy of students with learning difficulties

1. Be targeted and teach students in accordance with their aptitude. On the basis of comprehensive investigation and understanding, full analysis and careful understanding of the situation, teaching students with different learning difficulties in accordance with their aptitude. For example, for students with psychological barriers, we should focus on correcting attitudes or treating mental diseases, and take individual talks, psychological counseling, psychotherapy and other methods. Adjuvant drug therapy for patients with severe mental illness; For students with weak will, it is very important to exercise their will; For students with physical diseases, treatment is of course important, and learners cannot be forced to drop out of school for treatment; Knowledge fault students focus on connecting knowledge chains; Students who are confused about the environment should focus on eliminating environmental interference; Students with low IQ should lower their requirements and learn the basics again.

2. Positive encouragement and side education. Give full play to the leading role of teachers, ask more questions to students with learning difficulties in class, praise and encourage them more, stimulate their thinking, give patient guidance after class, give play to their specialties, give them a sense of accomplishment and enhance their self-confidence. In school life, students with learning difficulties may not achieve satisfactory academic results, but they may be better than gifted students in hands-on ability, communication ability, sports ability and even performance ability. 3. Use activities to build confidence. Teachers should have a trusting attitude towards students, and their support is conducive to the enhancement of students' self-confidence. In fact, this is the application of Rosenthal effect. Students with learning difficulties are not useless, they also have their own strengths, and the key is to find and use them. For example, if a student's academic knowledge is not good, the teacher should turn this confidence into the confidence of the students in learning academic knowledge.

4. Active counseling and personality influence. Students with learning difficulties have problems in learning and consciously observing discipline. What they need most when they are in trouble is the guidance of the teacher. At the same time, students' orientation towards teachers also determines the important role of teachers' personality influence.

5. Establish archives to promote their success. Establishing the files of follow-up counseling for students with learning difficulties and carrying out a series of help can better help students with learning difficulties get out of the predicament as soon as possible and promote their success. Students help each other in pairs, and a good pairing example can drive students with learning difficulties and play the role of example, supervision and assimilation.

6. Persistent and persistent education. Students with learning difficulties are out of trouble today, and tomorrow they will form a new fault at another point. If they can control themselves today, they can't control themselves the day after tomorrow. Therefore, in order to let the students with learning difficulties really get out of the predicament, we must persevere, not relax in education, and persevere in action.

7. Create hunger, make students feel the inconvenience of lack of knowledge, and trigger their demanding knowledge. Using this method, we can start with students' hobbies.

8. Seeking help from many parties and transforming students with learning difficulties must obtain strong support and help from parents and society. Parents are an indispensable force to promote students' transformation. The participation of social groups is also an effective way to transform underachievers. For example, the publicity and education activities of the Communist Youth League, the Public Security Bureau and the People's Liberation Army are all effective measures.

Of course, it is an arduous task to change the learning view of students with learning difficulties, which cannot be achieved overnight. However, as long as we continue to work hard and guide and cultivate with scientific methods, the rate of students with learning difficulties will be greatly reduced and the teaching quality will be greatly improved.

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