I. Overview
Information resources refer to the process of information production, distribution, dissemination (circulation) and consumption. In addition to the information content itself, it also includes information equipment, information personnel, information systems, information networks and so on. In the past, China only regarded material and energy as resources and information as general "news". Since the publication of Comrade Deng Xiaoping's inscription "Developing information resources and serving the four modernizations", people have made a qualitative leap in their understanding of "information" and realized that information is also a valuable strategic resource, which, together with material and energy, has become the three major strategic resources for today's social development.
1, information plays an optimization role in production factors. Information can play a functional role by optimizing production quality, guiding the rational and effective allocation of production factors and promoting the orderly operation of productivity system, which is manifested in:
(1) Information can increase the information content of other production factors through the interaction with the labor force, thus improving the quality level and utilization efficiency of the productivity system. Once the factors of production with increased information content enter the production process, they can first shorten the understanding and proficiency of workers to the object, make the factors of production enter the production operation system in a faster and more accurate state, and show and play the function of productivity from the timeliness of the production process. Second, it can improve the order and safety factor of production and bring opportunities and benefits. Third, it can lead to technological innovation and invention of production technology, production tools, operation methods and technologies.
(2) Through the interaction with the leadership, information leads to the optimal combination of production factors, thus improving productivity. The guiding role of information to leaders mainly includes: first, guiding leaders to divert their attention and focus on new work. The second is to guide leaders to assess the situation and make correct decisions. The third is to guide leaders to make decisions, and the process of forming a decision-making plan is the process of comprehensive information processing by leaders.
(3) Through the interaction with production managers, information enhances the knowability and transparency of managers and management objects, thus improving the orderly operation of productivity systems. Productivity system is a whole composed of various production factors, and production runs through a series of production information factors. Accurate information is helpful for managers to grasp the scale of production and operation, so that production can be carried out normally, orderly and efficiently.
2. Information is a supplement to resources. Material, energy, manpower and capital constitute the basic resources of society, and the development of information plays a supplementary role in these basic resources, which are as follows:
(1) information can greatly save the use and consumption of various resources in social and economic activities.
(2) The use of intelligent robots supplements and replaces human resources. With the highly information-based and intelligent robot assembly line as the leader, the unmanned workshop of automobile company continuously produces a large number of cars, and the cost of cars is greatly reduced due to the saving of manpower; With a highly information-based database, people can find the relevant information of the whole country and even the whole world at the click of a button, which saves the time of searching for information in the vast literature, thus greatly saving human resources.
(3) Information can also replace capital, so that capital can serve social and economic construction more conveniently, quickly and effectively. With the emergence of electronic money, credit information based on information card changes the commodity exchange mode into information exchange mode in modern social and economic activities. The appearance of electronic transfer has turned the capital movement of goods and bills into the movement of information flow, which not only greatly reduced the trouble of capital transportation in transit, but also accelerated the capital turnover and improved the capital utilization rate, thus solving the contradiction of insufficient funds in social and economic construction.
3. Information adds value to wealth. Information not only optimizes production factors and supplements social resources, but also directly creates wealth and adds value to social wealth.
(1) information can transform non-resources into resources, and the input of corresponding information will generate value or increase its value. Dull capital will become a profitable investment if it gets the information of capital demand.
(2) directly selling information products and services, thus creating wealth. In countries with developed information industries such as the United States and Japan, the direct income of information service industry and information product manufacturing industry is amazing. According to statistics, the sales of information industry in the United States 1982 is $237 billion, 1985 is $400 billion, and 1988 is $470 billion, which is expected to be close to 1 trillion in 2000.
(3) Information can shorten the circulation time, thus creating wealth. The function of telegraph and telephone is to speed up information transmission, shorten the time of information flow, improve work efficiency, and thus achieve the purpose of creating wealth. There are many examples of shortening the circulation time through information and information technology, such as communication, telephone, fax, e-mail, online search, video conference and a series of advanced technologies and equipment, which shorten the information flow time from weekly and daily calculation to the current minute and second calculation, greatly accelerating the process of wealth appreciation.
(4) Information can expand the value-added space, thus creating wealth. Because information technology has strong radiation ability, modern information activities are carried out in a wider space, thus creating wealth. Therefore, with the continuous improvement of information technology, the value-added space of wealth is not only in a certain natural region or a certain country and region, but also extends to other countries and regions around the world.
In short, the information economy is a "low energy consumption" economy. In the industrial economy, the growth of gross domestic product (GDP) is synchronized with the growth of energy and raw materials, while in the information economy, the energy consumption per unit GDP has declined. In recent years, the GDP of the national economy of the United States, Japan and other countries is increasing, while the energy is decreasing. China is a country with poor natural resources per capita, especially energy shortage. To do a good job in economic construction, we must speed up the development of the information industry.
Second, the demand of human society for information.
In today's society, the demand for information is increasing, and all countries in the world, whether developed, moderately developed or developing, are based on the competition in the new century. In order to win in the competition, we must capture effective information by various means, so as to grasp the initiative of economic development. It can be predicted that with the development of social economy, people's demand for information will increase day by day, because:
(1) Modern information is in the era of explosion, the amount of literature is increasing exponentially, and the amount of social information is increasing rapidly. According to incomplete statistics, in today's society, there are about 6,543,800,000 invention patents, 4,500,000 scientific and technological documents, 65,438,800,000 publications and hundreds of millions of institutional documents and materials. Among them, there are more than 30,000 economic academic papers and materials published in China every year, which means that there are more than 100 on average every day, which are published in more than 1000 newspapers and periodicals respectively. These documents and materials are doubling about every ten years. In addition, all-weather information transmission within various information systems, as well as between regions and between countries has reached an incalculable level. Faced with such a huge and expanding amount of information, it is unimaginable that there is not enough computer system and Internet support and processing.
(2) The gradual informationization of society, the gradual socialization and industrialization of information are the trends and trends of today's social development, and they are also one of the characteristics of today's society. The penetration of information into all fields of society is becoming more and more obvious, almost to the point where information is everywhere and everything can not be separated from information.
(3) If an enterprise wants to survive and develop in an invincible position in the competition, it must master the relevant information that is crucial to its fate. With the development of economy, information becomes more and more important in the business activities of enterprises. This is because: on the one hand, various new technologies, new equipment and new materials are constantly produced, and at the same time, these new technologies, new equipment and new materials are widely used in the development and application of new products. Therefore, without this information, enterprises can't produce the latest products with the latest science and technology and the most advanced equipment, and they can't inject new vitality; On the other hand, the market economy requires that the life of enterprises is more and more closely linked with the market, which requires enterprises to strengthen market research, timely understand the market situation, grasp the information of market changes, and produce marketable products. Only in this way can enterprises adapt to the complex and changeable market environment and survive and develop.
In a word, the influence of information industry and information technology exceeds any technological revolution in history. It not only affects the production process of material products, but also affects the production process of information and knowledge products. It affects not only the economic development of countries, but also the political, military and social development of countries.
Three, China automobile maintenance industry demand for information resources and existing problems.
In the traditional sense, the automobile maintenance industry in China has been in a primitive and backward state for a long time, and it is recognized as a dirty, bitter, tired and poor industry. This backwardness is manifested in management level, technical level, personnel quality, equipment and so on, especially in information resources.
The car that was born more than 100 years ago is just a simple four-wheeled vehicle, a bulky monster that some people, including the coachman, laughed at. No one expected that it was such a bulky behemoth that, after 100 years of development, it changed from a primitive car to a high-tech crystal. Especially with the rapid development of electronic technology and computer technology, the high-tech level of automobiles is constantly improving. Application of ABS in Electronic Fuel Injection System
Anti-lock braking system, SRS airbag system, electronically controlled automatic transmission system, air suspension system, power steering system, automatic cruise system, central door lock and anti-theft system, power traction system, self-diagnosis system, etc., all of which are constantly improving the performance of automobiles. The car in front of us is no longer a simple means of transportation that is not much better than a horse-drawn cart, but a high-tech product that combines modern civilization and wisdom. This kind of high-tech product is also the high-tech feature of this kind of automobile. In addition, automobile manufacturers all over the world constantly introduce new models, adopt advanced technologies and develop various systems, which makes the demand for automobile maintenance information for the majority of automobile maintenance technicians more and more intense.
Traditional automobile maintenance information query mainly relies on traditional media (such as books, magazines, newspapers, etc.). ), has the shortcomings of small information, slow query speed and slow information update, especially for imported cars that have flooded into China after the reform and opening up, the maintenance work is very difficult due to the lack of maintenance information. For automobile maintenance technicians, no one can manage the maintenance information, data and procedures of thousands of models.
The demand for maintenance information in China automobile maintenance industry is getting stronger and stronger. The solution to this problem is the professional Internet of automobile maintenance, that is, the Internet. The appearance of the Internet has completely broken the limitation of information transmission in space and time, and can transmit information to every corner of the earth in the first time in the most comprehensive and fastest way. Internet appeared in China's modern automobile maintenance industry. From the perspective of international automobile maintenance industry, the networking of technical information inquiry, fault detection and diagnosis and technical training in the maintenance industry has become a comprehensive and universal situation. Taking the American automobile maintenance industry as an example, the comprehensive management of maintenance information, expert group consultation, online information inquiry, online troubleshooting, online technical consultation and online purchase of automobile maintenance materials have become the basic characteristics of the maintenance industry. As early as the late 1980s and early 1990s, it was fully implemented.
China automobile maintenance professional Internet started in the mid-1990s, and started in Europe and Asia. For example, starting from 1995, a remote communication BBS used by member companies has been established on the auto repair website of Dewei. From 1996, we began to invest heavily in establishing automobile maintenance interns on a large scale.
ET internet site. At present, it has developed into the most professional website for automobile maintenance, covering basic maintenance procedures, various data, various parts location maps, mechanical disassembly maps, electrical wiring diagrams, etc. The engine, gearbox, air conditioner, suspension, steering, constant speed, airbag, anti-theft and other systems of various cars in Europe, America and Asia have realized online answering questions, online consultation, online inquiry, online training and other functions. This kind of internet website characterized by computer information processing technology has become a high-tech feature of modern automobile maintenance enterprises.
Another important function of the professional Internet for automobile maintenance is to quickly provide information on the supply and demand of automobile parts, automobile maintenance testing equipment, automobile maintenance data, automobile maintenance technology and management talents, so that enterprise operators and managers can obtain information in time and make correct choices and decisions. The technical discussion and exchange on the Internet has accelerated the overall technical level of automobile maintenance technicians. Online remote automobile maintenance technical training also provides another way for the retraining of automobile maintenance technicians who need to constantly absorb new technologies and knowledge.
In addition, the application of computer management system software and technology in modern automobile maintenance enterprises is also an application example of information resources and information technology in automobile maintenance industry. At present, automobile maintenance enterprises are facing a revolution. A large number of new automobile maintenance enterprises have been established, and the corresponding automobile maintenance service industry has expanded rapidly, and the scale of the maintenance industry has also become huge. So far, there are nearly 300,000 large and small maintenance enterprises in China. How to face the challenges one after another in the industry, improve the competitiveness of enterprises in the maintenance industry and improve their own production profits has become the main problem faced by operators and managers of modern automobile maintenance enterprises. The key to solve this problem mainly lies in two aspects: on the one hand, improving the technical level of enterprises, on the other hand, more importantly, improving the management level of enterprises. Perfect management system, modern management methods, accurate management data analysis and the application of computers in enterprise management are more important for a modern automobile maintenance enterprise.
Modern automobile maintenance enterprises have two remarkable characteristics: one is the application of advanced inspection and maintenance equipment and materials, and the other is the application of computer network and computer management. It is information technology and computer technology that lead automobile maintenance enterprises to modern management mode and mode. The root of enterprise development lies in people and management. "Service" will become the most important means of future competition. Good service includes maintenance service, pre-sales service and after-sales service. This kind of active service is to establish a stable customer relationship, which depends on the establishment and management of customer information and maintenance files. However, it is hard to imagine that a large amount of business data information can be completed only by manpower. Using computer technology, establishing enterprise network database is the only way.
In fact, due to the complex business process and large amount of data in the automobile maintenance industry, it is often difficult to accurately count and analyze the maintenance, accessories, customer files, vehicle files, supervision of employees and departments, and business data of enterprises only by manpower. And the use of computer management, fast, short time, complete information, high efficiency. If a 30-person maintenance enterprise uses manual calculation, it needs a statistician 1-2 days, while it takes only a few seconds to do statistics with a computer, which improves the efficiency by thousands of times.
The advantages of using computers for maintenance enterprise management are:
1, the upper management can know the operation of the whole factory in time through the computer management network system, so as to make overall arrangements for the work of all departments in the whole factory.
2. Accurate and timely statistical statements greatly reduce the mistakes that may be caused by managers' subjective judgment, thus improving the work enthusiasm of all employees, forming a good corporate culture and enhancing the cohesion of enterprises.
3. It can make automobile maintenance enterprises completely change the manual workshop-style working mode and achieve a qualitative leap, thus solving the huge customer data, maintenance records, chaotic inventory management and numerous customer disputes and chores caused by it as enterprise leaders every day.
4. Factory directors and managers can get rid of complicated overall arrangement, production scheduling and statistical reports, win more customers and bring more and better benefits.
5. Standardized computerized management can improve the image of service factory in the eyes of customers. Computer-managed customer and vehicle files have laid the foundation for long-term and flexible customer service.
6. Dynamic tracking of vehicles and customers can make business departments know every detail of all vehicles and customers, and remind customers to repair, maintain and replace parts at any time, which further embodies the integrity of services.
7, chart analysis function can provide simple and intuitive query function for busy factory managers.
8. Human errors in accounting can be eliminated.
9. Respond to customers' inquiries quickly and reliably, and take up customers' precious time as little as possible.
10, improve work efficiency, rationally allocate parts, and save manpower and material resources.
Compared with developed countries, China's automobile maintenance industry still has the following problems in the application of information resources:
First of all, the government's support policy is not strong, the capital investment is insufficient, the capital is short, the investment is scattered, and the normal financing environment is imperfect, which all hinder the application of information resources and learning technology in China's automobile maintenance industry. Most companies engaged in professional internet websites of automobile maintenance rely on their own funds, talents and technology development, and lack government policy support.
Secondly, many automobile maintenance enterprises do not use computers enough, and a large number of automobile maintenance enterprises are equipped with computers.
It's just a vase-like decoration, which has not really become a productive force. It can be said that due to the limited knowledge of factory directors and managers of many automobile maintenance enterprises, many automobile maintenance enterprises are even less interested in computers than many families. Computers have entered the family on a large scale, and even many primary school students can operate computers skillfully. However, in many automobile maintenance enterprises, there are still few computers, and many employees are still computer-illiterate, which is the sorrow of the automobile maintenance industry in China.
Thirdly, because China's automobile maintenance industry has been in a primitive and backward state for a long time, the quality of personnel is generally low, and there is an instinctive mystery and fear of difficulties in the computer, Internet and information industries. It is difficult to learn computers and cannot surf the Internet. Business leaders are more willing to invest money in factories, equipment and other hardware facilities, and little investment in computers and the Internet and training for employees in this area.
Finally, due to the long-term monopoly of China's telecommunications sector, high network fees and poor service have directly affected the computer application and Internet application of China's automobile maintenance industry.
Four, the application prospect of China information resources in the automobile maintenance industry.
Although limited by various conditions, there are still a series of problems in the application of information resources in China's automobile maintenance industry. However, the wave of information industry is surging, which impacts all fields of the whole society irresistibly. This will naturally bring greater impetus to China's automobile maintenance industry in the new century. The application prospect of information resources in automobile maintenance industry will be very broad.
(1) In the application of specialized internet for automobile maintenance in automobile maintenance enterprises, automobile maintenance technicians can conveniently and quickly inquire about imported automobile maintenance materials, quickly eliminate faults, reduce vehicle maintenance time and significantly improve production efficiency. This alone can save considerable economic income for enterprises and help Europe and Asia. For example, there are more than 600 members on the website of Dewei Auto Maintenance Internet. Each member repair shop uses the Internet to query information conveniently and quickly, improving productivity and generating economic benefits of at least 50,000 yuan/year. The total economic benefits for the whole year can reach 30 million yuan/year, which has a huge impact.
(2) With the rapid popularization of computers, a large number of talents who master the use of computers and the Internet will continue to enter automobile maintenance enterprises, injecting new blood and vitality into the workforce of enterprises. Because of their high cultural quality, strong thirst for knowledge and strong sensitivity to new things, they have the need to master modern information technology from within the enterprise, which will further promote the application of information resources in the automobile maintenance industry.
(3) It is not only imperative for modern maintenance enterprises to adopt computer management, but also the time is ripe: First, the price of computer hardware has dropped to a very low level. Secondly, the development and design of software is more and more mature, and its functions are more and more suitable for the actual operation of maintenance enterprises. Third, with some college automobile graduates entering maintenance enterprises, it has laid a good talent foundation for the implementation of computer management. Fourthly, the birth of remote communication technology has laid a solid foundation for after-sales maintenance of software.
(4) China regards the modern information industry as the pillar industry of the country, and the restructuring of the former Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications into the Ministry of Information Industry is an excellent example.
1, since the reform and opening up, China's informatization construction has made great progress, mainly in the following aspects: (1) The information infrastructure has been continuously improved.
During the Eighth Five-Year Plan period, China invested about US$ 29 billion, and basically built a communication trunk network with optical cables as the mainstay, supplemented by digital microwave and satellite communication, and basically realized digitalization and program control in technology.
(1) The information industry has made great progress. The information industry is still a new industry that is gradually forming in China, but after more than ten years of development, the overall strength has been continuously enhanced, and information technology and information service industry have made great progress. From 65438 to 0995, the total output value of China electronics industry reached 245.7 billion yuan, accounting for 24% of 65438 to 0980. 5 times, forming a group of large electronic backbone enterprises and enterprise groups with strong strength and market competitiveness. The information service industry has developed rapidly, the service scope has been continuously broadened, and the service level has been gradually improved. According to statistics, the sales of information service industry in China increased from 200 million yuan in 1990 to 7.7 billion yuan in 1995. There are more than 20,000 enterprises and institutions engaged in information service industry in China, and more than 1000 databases have been established. China's information service industry is developing towards computerization, digitization, networking and wired consulting information network.
(2) The development and application of information technology have achieved initial results. China's "863" Spark Plan contains many high-tech research topics in the information field, such as advanced sensing system, intelligent computer, automation technology, modern communication technology and other special projects. At present, most of these topics have been overcome. During the Eighth Five-Year Plan period, the installed computer capacity in China increased from 500,000 in 1990 to 3.3 million in 1995. Great progress has been made in the application of information technology in industrial control, computer-aided design and enterprise management, and the application degree has developed from single application to integration. In the development of information resources, China has established two national information systems, namely, economy, science and technology, statistics, banking, posts and telecommunications, electric power, railways, civil aviation, customs, meteorology, population and so on 12, and initially established a national public packet-switched data network. After 1993, China began to implement the "golden" project of national economic informatization, focusing on the "three gold" project composed of Jinqiao, Jinguan and Jinka. These large-scale application systems have built several large-scale databases at the same time, which greatly promoted the development and utilization of information resources in China.
To sum up, after entering the new century, the application prospect of information resources and information technology in China automobile maintenance industry is very broad. We should seize this rare opportunity to promote the overall improvement of technology and management of the entire automobile maintenance industry and make unremitting efforts to catch up with the advanced world level as soon as possible.