Objective: To point out the scope, purpose, importance, tasks and preconditions of the research, rather than simply repeating the theme.

Methods: Briefly describe the work flow of the project, study the main contents, and do some work in this process, including the objects, principles, conditions, procedures and means.

Results: State the important new findings, achievements and values after the research, including the unsatisfactory limitations found through investigation, experiment, observation and analysis.

Conclusion: Through the study of this topic, we can draw important conclusions, including the correct viewpoint confirmed from it, analysis and research, and compare and predict the significance of its application in real life and the value of integrating theory with practice.

Secondly, matters needing attention in writing abstracts of journal papers.

1, "concise" is not "simple"

In editing work, it is often seen that the abstract of a manuscript is concise to one or two sentences, and the research work reported in the paper is only briefly mentioned. The process, results, conclusions and other research information of the paper are either too general or not introduced, and important data or research factors are "abbreviated" by language. At this time, the abstract can't express the central idea of the paper independently, provide valuable information, and can't communicate as independent information, thus losing the real meaning of the abstract. It should be emphasized that the editorial department generally has about 250 words of abstract writing.

2. "Complete" information is not "verbose"

Some authors cannot grasp the relationship between information integrity and abstract length control in abstract writing. When paying attention to the integrity of abstract information, they always worry about being unclear and use background information and modifiers, thus making the abstract lengthy.

3. Abstract is not a simple copy of preface.

It is different from the preface of the paper in function and content. When writing an abstract, some authors simply copy the preface of the article, which consumes a lot of pen and ink, but does not involve the substantive information of the paper. Obviously, it is difficult to express the core content of the paper concisely and accurately, it is difficult to grasp the key points, and naturally it is difficult to have high information value. The purpose of writing an abstract is to condense information for readers to decide whether to read the full text and use it in secondary literature. The preface is written to let readers know the ins and outs of this experiment or research, and to introduce readers into the reading of the text, which plays a leading role. Write the purpose, method, result and conclusion of the experimental research. The preface focuses on the previous work in this field, the knowledge gap still existing in this field, the author's ideas and expected results.

4. Abstraction cannot lose its independence and self-evident.

In editing practice, we often find that some abstracts contain codes and symbols, which can only be understood by relying on the text or references; Some of them include references, chemical structural formulas, molecular formulas and other terms and abbreviations that are not widely known and commonly used; Some abstracts are long, the language is not concise, and they pay attention to unimportant details. This will undoubtedly bring difficulties to readers' reading and understanding, and seriously affect the role of abstracts, making it impossible to communicate as independent information.

Finally, improve the writing skills of periodical abstracts.

1, the abstract should pay attention to a word "all"

The abstract of a scientific paper must accurately and completely reflect the four elements of research purpose, method, result and conclusion, and the topic sentence reflecting the theme of the paper should be written at the beginning of the abstract. The writing order outside the topic sentence is generally information such as purpose, method, result and conclusion. If it is necessary to highlight the results and conclusions, the writing order can be changed to topic sentences, results, conclusions and others.

2. Abstract should pay attention to the word "essence"

It is necessary to use exact words and concise sentences, and avoid saying nothing and wordiness, so as to choose words and make sentences and cherish ink as gold. Avoid using ambiguous words such as "about", "possible" and "seems".

3. The word "new" should be highlighted in the abstract.

It is necessary to comprehensively and concisely reflect the main contents of the full text, and to highlight the new viewpoints, theories, designs, materials and methods of experimental research. General knowledge, general arguments, materials and methods should not be described, and ready-made literature and experimental research work that has not been carried out should not be described.

4. The writing form of abstract should be standardized.

(1) In order to write an abstract in the third person or omit the subject, we can use narrative methods such as "under study", "status of report" and "under investigation" to indicate the nature and theme of a document. Avoid using "this article", "author", "this experiment" and "we" as subjects, which obviously does not meet the requirements of abstract writing.

(2) Abstract should pay attention to the objectivity of style, and should not add its own subjective intention, and should not make comments and comments on the contents of the abstract. There must be no words such as "worthy of promotion", "worthy of reference", "unanimously praised by ×××", "domestic first-class" and "world advanced level".

(3) The opening sentence of the abstract should not simply repeat the existing information in the title. The abstract should not be a supplement, comment or summary to the text, nor should it add explanations or comments other than the original text.

(4) The expression of abstract should be mainly written narration, unless it is really inflexible. Generally, mathematical formulas and chemical structural formulas are not used, illustrations and tables do not appear, and non-standard units or abbreviations are not used as much as possible.