Concept: Argumentative essay, also known as argumentative essay, is an essay genre that takes argumentation as the main expression and uses logical thinking to judge things.

Characteristics of argumentative writing: a common style that takes argumentation as the main expression and directly expresses the author's views and opinions through putting facts and reasoning. Theoretical content, logical structure and general language. Using vivid narration to indirectly express the author's thoughts and feelings is different from narrative writing, which focuses on introducing or explaining the shape, nature, causes and functions of things, and is also different from explanatory writing. In short, argumentative essays convince people with reason, and narrative essays convince people with emotion. Explanatory writing gives people knowledge.

Classification: Generally speaking, argumentative papers can be divided into political papers and academic papers. Generally speaking, argumentative essays mainly refer to political essays. Judging from the way of argumentation, argumentative writing can be divided into argumentative writing and refuting writing.

Elements: argument, argument, argument.

The examination of argumentative papers in the senior high school entrance examination mainly includes:

1. Refinement and judgment of central arguments and sub-arguments;

2. Grasp the basic structure of argument;

3. The relationship between the judgment and arrangement of arguments and arguments,

4. Judgment and demonstration methods and their functions;

5. Appreciate the language features of argumentative essays.

Second, about the argument:

It is the author's views and opinions on the issues discussed and the soul of argumentative writing. Only by accurately grasping the arguments of the article can we understand the viewpoints and problems to be solved in the article. Argumentative essays generally have only one central argument, and some argumentative essays also put forward several sub-arguments around the central argument. It is not difficult to distinguish the central argument from the sub-argument. The central argument is the outline, the sub-argument is the purpose, and the sub-argument is used to supplement or prove the central argument. There is a master-slave relationship between them. As long as we study the relationship between these arguments, we can see which is the master, which is the slave, which is the outline and which is the purpose.

The argument requires correctness and distinctiveness, and must reveal the essence of things correctly and scientifically; Grasp the key points; Targeted; According to the different situations of readers, establish arguments from different angles. Arguments must be clear judgments. Argumentation solves the problem of "what to prove" in argumentation.

Third, how to find out the arguments.

Find the right arguments and be clear;

1. The argument is different from the topic. A topic is the subject of discussion, while an argument is a clear judgment and a formally complete sentence. Argumentation cannot be a question, a phrase or a metaphor. For example, the first paragraph of Understanding Man's Spirit with Things puts forward that "how should China students learn natural science" is just a topic, and the argument of "Understanding Man's Spirit with Things" is a clear judgment.

In an argumentative essay, the central argument should be: ① a complete statement of the author's point of view; 2. Clear judgment; (3) is a complete sentence in form.

2. An article has only one central argument. It is necessary to distinguish between central arguments and sub-arguments. Sub-argument is an aspect of the central argument and serves the central argument.

3. The expression type of the central argument of the article.

Arguments in argumentative essays are generally put forward at the beginning of the article, and some are put forward at the end or in the middle of the article. The title of some articles is argument. However, in some articles, none of them is a clear statement, and several arguments need to be merged and refined. In other articles, the author's point of view is contained in the argument, which needs to be summarized by the readers themselves.

(1) articles with strong political arguments directly point out the central argument in the topic. In the body of the argumentative essay, the author puts forward the argument in the following ways: first, at the beginning, and second, at the end. The latter is a summary of the previous discussion. From the beginning, arguments were put forward in various ways and in different forms: some from a story, some from a phenomenon in working life ("One thing has more than one correct answer", first ask a question with four numbers, and then lead to the view that "one thing has more than one correct answer" through the analysis of several different answers), and some from a proverb (article "Dedication and Happiness", a speech draft). )。 These are all indirectly demonstrated from a certain material. In addition, the arguments put forward at the beginning can also be put forward without foreshadowing. For example, the first sentence of "Talking about Bone" shows the full-text argument: "We China people have backbone." Another is to put forward arguments in the process of discussion. For example, in Thinking and Doing, two kinds of errors in thinking and doing are first put forward, and then analyzed, and the argument is naturally drawn. After putting forward the argument, I continued to discuss how to solve the problem of convergence between the two.

(2) Some argumentative essays can't find the sentence directly as the central argument in the article. Only by reading the article carefully and understanding and analyzing its contents can we sum up the central argument. To find and summarize this type of central argument, we can generally start with summarizing the meaning of paragraphs and layers, and then summarize the central argument.