For patients with bedsore, nursing is usually divided into two modes. One is in-patient care during hospitalization, and the other is self-cultivation home care. For most patients, it is very important to do a good job of bedsore care at home, which is related to whether patients will get worse because of bedsore during treatment. Therefore, early understanding of bedsore is also a place that family members and patients need to learn.
First of all, we should know how to evaluate bedsore. Generally, it is difficult for families who have not learned nursing knowledge at home. Pay attention to patients' bedsores. Family members need to have enough patience and love to care for patients. We all know that the cause of bedsore is that a certain part is compressed for too long, so we must first judge whether the patient's physical health meets the standards of bedsore, whether the patient will have to stay in bed for a long time due to the development of the disease, and which part of the body is more compressed. This is a preliminary assessment, and it is also a criterion for us to judge whether this patient has bedsore at an early stage.
After finding that the patient meets the preliminary criteria, we can check and confirm the patient. Here are four simple steps you can learn:
1. First, we can check whether the skin color of the pressed part has changed, whether there is erythema, and whether the erythema has faded when we press it.
2. We should feel how soft and hard it is when we press our colleagues in the compression part, and whether it is consistent with the softness of other skin around us.
3. Check whether there is swelling or obvious swelling in the compressed part, and whether there will be pits when pressing here.
4. You can try to prick the oppressed part with a needle to see if there is any pain, or if the pain is sensitive.
Through the above methods, we can make a simple assessment to confirm whether the patient has bedsore in the compressed part.
For most patients with bedsore, it is caused by long-term compression of a certain part. Then as a family member, it is particularly important to help patients change their positions frequently, because bedsores are caused by continuous pressure. As long as patients are often helped to change their posture, there will be no parts that have been pressed for too long, and the possibility of bedsores can be well avoided.
Family members or nursing staff can help patients maintain a lateral position that is not 90, usually 30 to 40. Another suggestion is that if patients need to stay in bed for a long time, it is best to buy an air mattress or hammock. The air cushion bed is because the pressure on all parts of the patient's body is relatively uniform after the lower part is inflated, which can greatly avoid the possibility of bedsore.
For patients with bedsore, whether due to cauda equina nerve injury or other reasons, bedsore caused by long-term bed rest. As long as patients meet the conditions of long-term bed rest and wheelchair, the probability of bedsore will be much higher than that of people who are free to move. The mortality rate of elderly patients with bedsore is four times that of patients without bedsore, so we must take good care of patients not to get bedsore. Bedsore is one of the complications that are difficult to treat. It takes a long time and is difficult to treat, and the treatment cost is high, and the patients are even more miserable.
Generally speaking, patients who need to stay in bed due to cauda equina nerve injury are prone to hemorrhoids and bedsores due to the loss or absence of skin sensation below paraplegia level, poor blood conduction and poor nutritional function. In addition to the above-mentioned regular turning, you can also massage the skin of the compressed part with 50% safflower alcohol and put a cotton pad on the bony process. Regular turning, scrubbing and massage can achieve the effect of relaxing muscles and activating blood circulation and avoid bedsores.
Some patients with cauda equina nerve injury will have incontinence, which is easy to cause redness of buttocks. At this time, the perineum should be cleaned in time and diapers should be changed frequently. Erythromycin or zinc oxide ointment can be applied locally. If the patient has bedsore, it is necessary to remove the pressure factor in time, keep it clean, change the dressing in time, strengthen nutrition, correct the disorder of water and electrolyte, and perform wound resection and flap transfer according to the serious situation of bedsore.
Another point that needs strict attention during bed rest is the cleanliness of bedding and clothes. Generally speaking, the cause of bedsore is not only oppression, but also dampness. Always dry clothes and bedding for patients, keep them clean, clean and hygienic, and avoid multiple infections of wounds. When changing the patient's position, remember to move gently to prevent skin damage, because to change the position frequently, family members or nursing staff must be patient and careful, and can't treat the patient with impatient and rude actions.
When the weather is fine, patients can sit in wheelchairs and come out to bask in the sun. Pay attention to eating foods rich in vitamins in daily life and diet, and never eat hair, otherwise it will cause the spread of bedsores.