Contemporary social psychology is a comprehensive science that studies the internal experience and external performance, development and change process and its laws of social behavior. The external behavior law of social psychology and the internal psychological law of social behavior are the combination point; Hot issues of social behavior are the starting point of integration; The external behavior law of group psychology and the internal psychological law of group behavior are the key points of optimization and integration; The interaction point is the cross-integration of furniture, groups and society.

Keywords: influence optimization and integration

For decades, the existence of various research orientations of social psychology has not only affected the development of a unified discipline, but also affected its scientific research on human behavior. With the passage of time, more and more people of insight have issued a call to integrate individual and social behavior and social psychology, and to establish an integrated scientific and unified integrated social psychology. People think that social psychology is a marginal independent discipline formed among various disciplines. It is on this basis that social behavioral psychology puts forward and constructs makeup decline. It is imperative to study the integration of social behavioral psychology. The general idea is to integrate the individual role, group interaction and social influence of social behavior, focus on the hot, difficult and focal issues in colorful social life, and pay attention to the optimization and integration of social behavior psychology.

First, the integration trend of social psychology development

Since the birth of social psychology, the social psychology of sociology, represented by Ross, and the social psychology of psychology, represented by McDougall William, have respectively represented two different research orientations, so the social psychology of cultural anthropology has emerged. Different research directions of social psychology have different basic characteristics. Psychological-oriented social psychology tries to explain human social behavior from the perspective of individual personality structure, emphasizing the importance of individual variables; Sociology-oriented social psychology studies people's social interaction through social status, social role, socialization and other factors, and then explains the essence of human behavior, emphasizing the importance of social and group variables; Social psychology oriented by cultural anthropology explores the explanation of human behavior from factors and emphasizes the importance of cultural variables. However, furniture, society and culture are closely linked and inseparable, and the interaction between them is continuous. In order to describe people's social behavior comprehensively and accurately, it is difficult to achieve a single research orientation, and it is possible to establish a comprehensive research orientation. Since the late 1940s and early 1950s, efforts to integrate different research directions of social psychology have been put into practice. Although many people have done a lot of work, the marriage between disciplines has not achieved the expected success. In the past 20 years, the debate on different research orientations has risen again. When reason overcame emotion, it began to take the road of integration. More importantly, the development of disciplines and social progress in recent years have laid a realistic foundation for the integration of different research orientations.

Judging from the comprehensive development and present situation of various research orientations of social psychology at home and abroad, we think that social behavioral psychology is a comprehensive applied social science about the interaction and mutual shaping of society, culture, personality and its derived status, role and self, and it is a general grasp of the popular response of human social behavior from the psychological level. In terms of discipline nature, it is neither a branch of psychology nor a branch of sociology, but an independent social psychology based on the interaction and mutual penetration of sociology, psychology, culturology, cultural anthropology, behavior, politics, economics and management. It is a marginal independent discipline formed on the basis of parent disciplines such as sociology, psychology and cultural anthropology. As Dr. Zhou Xiaohong of Nanjing University said, "Only from the multidimensional perspectives of sociology, psychology, cultural anthropology and even biology can we make an incisive and complete explanation of human society". From the origin of social psychology, it is a marginal discipline formed on the basis of matriarchal discipline, and it is the result of the close and mutual penetration of matriarchal discipline in explaining human behavior and the relationship between spring and society, culture and personality. From the research object, method and theoretical system of social psychology, although it is formed on the basis of the parent discipline, it is neither an appendage of a certain discipline nor a simple patchwork and mixture of many disciplines, but a fusion of many disciplines, which has brand-new properties and characteristics that other disciplines do not have. Therefore, social psychology should pay independent attention to the integration of social behavioral psychology.

Professor Xia Xueluan from the Department of Sociology of Peking University first put forward integrated social psychology, and its research object is divided into three levels or three units: the first level is macro level, also called social subject unit, and its basic concepts are society, culture and personality, and social behavior is a function of these three factors, and its formula is b (s) = f (s.c.p); The second level is the meso-level flash, also called personal subject unit. Its core concepts are status, role and self. It is considered that personal behavior is a function of these three factors, and its formula is b (I) = f (S.R.S). The third level is the micro-level, and its operational concepts are purpose, tool and attitude, also called behavioral subject unit. It is considered that any behavior as social action is a function of these three factors, and its formula is b (a) = f (o.m.a). Professor Xia Xueluan's "three levels and nine factors" is a relationship that influences and shapes each other. In the horizontal direction, the comprehensive action of three reference action coefficients must be considered in the behavior of any main unit. In short, they are not isolated, but integrated.

Where should all kinds of social behaviors start? Where is the most suitable starting point or growing point? From the theory of "three levels and nine factors integration", it can be concluded that the integration of social psychological external behavior law and internal psychological law of social behavior, as well as the integration of individual roles, group interaction and social influence are the joint points of social behavioral psychological integration. Social psychology and social behavior are two inseparable aspects of human sociality. Social psychology is the internal process of social behavior, and social behavior is the external manifestation of social psychology. The study of social psychological integration refers to the study of the internal psychological general nature and general law of social behavior epidemic response; The study of social behavior integration refers to the study of the external behavior characteristics of people's psychological reaction in real life. The dimension of social psychology is well known to us, but the dimension of social behavior is often ignored. At present, all sociological and social behavior studies of social psychology tend to be psychologically integrated. Social behavioral psychology should not only explore the internal social psychological process, but also study the external social behavior laws to avoid behaviorism ignoring the internal psychological process of behavior, while cognitive school ignores the explicit behavioral bias of psychological process.

Second, the breakthrough point of psychological deficiency of social behavior

In the past 10 years, China's social psychology has entered the stage of reconstruction and revival. On the one hand, it satisfies the urgent need of social psychology knowledge from all walks of life to a certain extent. On the other hand, it is not clear how Dai studied the specific problems of China society from reality. To some extent, it can be said that this is a "quite chaotic period", because social life is rich and colorful, social behavior is varied, and the overall grasp of social behavior involves not only the universal grasp of flogging.

Some social scientists have found that with the continuous development of science and technology, a large number of social behavioral psychological problems are popular in social life. They think that the research of sociology, psychology, cultural anthropology and behavioral science can always provide the basis and answers for these problems, so they began to study the combination of social behavioral psychology and real social problems. Generally speaking, the specific social life practice and real life information resources limit the starting point of research or the growing point of theory. In this regard, the most suitable starting point for the study of social behavioral psychology in contemporary China can only be the hot issues of social psychology and social behavior. The hot issue of social behavioral psychology is an objective social reflection and a complex social phenomenon. The hot issue of social behavioral psychology is also the key issue of social behavioral psychology, which is related to the process and future of socialist reform. The focus of social behavioral psychology is also the difficulty and focus of social behavioral psychology, which reflects some sharp social contradictions to some extent. It is a very sensitive and sharp social focus problem, which is often difficult to solve. Social clustering behavior is the starting point and spear point of various social behavioral psychology, and it is also the focus of the integration research of social psychology and social behavior.

Social psychology focuses on enthusiastic social life and reflects the essence of social life and people's thoughts and behaviors. Social psychology was born in order to solve the urgent needs of social psychological problems related to real life, and every step of development in the future has gained unlimited power directly from the urgent needs of social life. Obviously, this subject has a strong application. For example, in the "Hawthorne Experiment" in the 1920s, it was proposed that morale and production efficiency were to meet the urgent needs of industrial production at that time. The themes of public opinion, gossip, race and value conflict in the 1930s were to meet the needs of world economic depression and social unrest. The themes of belief, attitude and national character in the 1940s met the needs of the Second World War. However, after the 1950s and 1960s, social development was relatively stable and peaceful, and many branches of disciplines with obvious application appeared one after another, which not only prospered social psychology itself, but also made it play an increasingly important role in the needs of social life. Today, not only in Europe and America, but also in Japan and Russia, the social function of social psychology, an applied science, is playing an increasingly important role in modern social life. According to statistics, since 10, there are hundreds of social psychology works published in the new national bibliography, of which more than 90% are related to their application in social life. Moreover, a considerable part of the application results of social psychology have been or are being transformed into direct social productive forces.

Third, the focus of social behavioral psychological integration.

A large number of related studies show that social communication is the main form of human social behavior. In symmetrical and asymmetrical social communication, people form various group behaviors, group behaviors and cluster behaviors. That is, spontaneous, unorganized, unstructured and not guided by the usual code of conduct. This is what we call cluster behavior here. The external behavior law of group psychology and the internal psychological law of group behavior have an important influence on social development and the health of people's social behavior. Positive social clustering is positively related to people's positive social concepts and social behaviors, while negative social clustering (spear-biased behavior) is also positively related to people's bias in social concepts and social behaviors. Especially the young people in contemporary China have a sense of "spear group" that pays more attention to peer cohesion than in the West. In this socio-psychological environment, social hot issues in the process of social change tend to intensify in face-to-face interaction. When they are hot enough, they will naturally focus on the problem, and when they focus to a certain extent, they will inevitably be released. From this point of view, there are two possibilities for group gathering and the development of red psychology, which may become the driving force of social change or the effort to change the past. Therefore, starting with social behavioral psychology, exploring the phenomena and laws of social behavioral psychology is the focus of integrating social psychology.

In 1946, H.G. Blumer divides aggregation into four types: clusters, masses, public and social movement groups. Later, Brovin divided the cluster into two types: mob and audience. This classification is based on the organic degree of unorganized groups and the overall position of unorganized groups in the social structure, which is conducive to people's understanding and grasp of disorderly groups and has certain reference value for the study of cluster behavior.

There are both connections and differences between the masses and the gathering groups. These two groups are an aggregation phenomenon of unorganized groups. In the modern social life with the increasingly developed mass media, there will be more and more unorganized groups as the public, which will penetrate into all aspects of social life and affect all aspects of social life more and more. This is a group phenomenon worthy of attention. Their differences are mainly manifested in the number of people and contact information. The public is a group of people who are scattered in a broad social scope and contact with mass media. The public's understanding and contact with social life is indirect and plays a role through mass media. Ju is a group of people who can see and hear. Their contact is direct, and they perceive people and things in the group through their senses and bodies. The masses and gathering groups are unorganized groups, spontaneous, rambling, emotional and irresponsible.

In foreign countries, gathering behavior is called collective behavior, that is, the phenomenon of mass gathering without organization and discipline. Andreyeva, a social psychologist in the former Soviet Union, called it "non-collective behavior" (or translated as "behavior outside the collective"), but in the literature of social psychology and sociology in China, it is generally translated as "collective behavior". Professor Sha Lianxiang of Renmin University of China called it the phenomenon of clustering in public places or social activities. Professor Cao Mengqin of Lanzhou University and others think that it is inappropriate to translate collective behavior into "group behavior", which is too broad and unlimited, and it is also inappropriate to call it "non-collective behavior" because "behavior outside the group" is not individual behavior. Therefore, the behavior of a group of unorganized people getting together by chance is called group behavior. We believe that the concept of "group behavior" can more comprehensively and dynamically express the characteristics of violent behavior in which a group of people gather together without organization, spontaneously and accidentally.

Social psychology believes that gregarious is one of human nature, and an important feature of human behavior is the tendency to gregarious. The more developed the mode of social production and the more advanced the way of life, the stronger the group consciousness and tendency of all kinds of personnel. In the face of great social changes and development, social clustering occurs everywhere and frequently, and its reasons, situations and results are also varied. This random, spontaneous and unrestrained clustering phenomenon is everywhere. One of the reasons why it started is because of people's most basic information exchange needs. The initial biological value of this need is to reduce the uncertainty of the surrounding environment, so as to adjust one's behavior in time to adapt to the changed environment. Crowdfunding people hope to find the singing points of * * * in the collection, try to supplement the defects, and achieve the same interests and complement each other. Not only that, but also the group behavior psychology has a distinct brand of the times. With the in-depth development of China's reform and opening up, clustering has developed from the singularity in the past to the extensive intersection of multi-disciplines, with increasing levels and grades, becoming increasingly complex. Therefore, from the perspective of social psychology, it is a very important task to optimize and integrate the characteristics and laws of the development of group psychology and group behavior, that is, the external behavior law of group psychology and the internal psychological law of group behavior, to explore the encouragement and strengthening of positive group behavior, and to seek effective ways and methods to predict, prevent and regulate group behavior deviation. As the famous scientist Qian Xuesen emphasized in his letter to Professor Sha Lianxiang on 19861October 3, "Social psychology is an important subject in the behavioral science department, one of the nine departments of modern science and technology. However, it plays a very important role in the construction of socialist spiritual civilization. " Group psychology is the internal condition and foundation of group behavior, and group behavior is the external expression of group psychology. Generally speaking, clusters need to form cluster motivation, which drives cluster behavior. Because all behaviors are based on the laws of psychological phenomena, all external manifestations of psychology also constitute certain behaviors. All human behavior is guided, maintained and guided by motivation, which is based on human needs. This is how a person's behavior happens, and a gathering behavior also happens under the control of a series of psychological activities. Crowding psychology is the internal motive force of cluster behavior, and cluster behavior is the external expression of cluster psychology. It can be seen that individual behavior and group behavior are both motivational psychological behaviors. The difference is that most people in group behavior can only be vaguely aware of this need and motivation, and simple and naive identification will answer, passively or strangely intervene. Fourth, the interaction point of social behavioral psychological integration Social behavioral psychology mainly studies three major areas: individual psychology and social psychology, social psychology and social behavior, social behavior and social aggregation behavior. Contemporary social behavioral psychology is a comprehensive science that studies the development and change process and law of internal experience and external performance of social behavior. Integrated social psychology mainly studies the contents of three levels, namely, the macro-social, cultural, behavioral and psychological integration of the interaction of social environment, cultural psychology, personality belief and role status; The meso-social behavioral psychological integration layer of the interaction of social cognition, social emotion, social will and social attitude; The psychological integration layer of micro-social cluster behavior among affinity behavior, interaction behavior, cluster behavior and normative behavior; The mutual influence and infiltration of these three levels constitute an organic whole of contemporary social behavioral psychology research, trying to give full play to the "hybrid" advantages of psychological-oriented social psychology, sociological-oriented social psychology and cultural anthropology-oriented social psychology, overcome the shortcomings, and establish a social psychology with unified personality, globalization and localization. At the point of interaction between individuals and society, the integration of social behavioral psychology focuses on the influence of social culture and subculture factors, the accumulation of cultural psychology, the influence on social behaviors such as personality beliefs and role status of social members, and the degree to which personality and role treat social harmony and affect social environment and cultural psychological construction.

As far as the interaction between individuals is concerned, the psychological integration of social behavior focuses on how the mutual cognition, emotion, will and attitude of individuals interact on the level of social identity, interpersonal relationship and interpersonal communication, and to what extent the latter affects the former.

From the interaction between groups and individuals, the psychological integration of social behavior focuses on the process of the influence of groups on individuals and individuals on groups. In the symmetrical social interaction such as group cooperation, competition, conflict and adjustment, and the asymmetrical social interaction such as imitation, suggestion and infection, how does it affect people's affinity and normative behavior, and how does individual behavior affect group behavior? On the point of interaction between individuals and groups, the integration of social behavioral psychology mainly studies how to encourage and strengthen normative behavioral psychology and optimize it in the process of interaction between society and society, between groups and between cultures, and how to accelerate the modernization of people's behavioral quality to adapt to the modernization of cross-century society. To sum up, the development trend of social behavioral psychology is integration; The joint is the integration of the external behavior law of social psychology and the internal psychological law of social behavior; The breakthrough point is a hot, important, difficult and focal issue in contemporary society, and the integration of the external behavior law of group psychology and the internal psychological law of group behavior is the focus of integration. The interaction points of social behavioral psychological integration are mainly manifested in the interaction between individuals and society, individuals and individuals, groups and individuals, groups and groups, and society and groups. We can believe that 2 1 century will be a century of great achievements in psychology, and the integration of social psychology will also usher in a brilliant era!