A 3000-word paper on children's psychology "On the development of special children's psychology in China"
About the author: Liu Lu, female, (199 1.6-), ethnic group: Han nationality, native place: Liaoyang City, Liaoning Province, school: Shenyang Normal University, major: applied psychology.
Abstract: Special children are a group that needs urgent attention, and the psychology of special children is a subject that naturally arises under this need. It is still a very young discipline in China, and there are problems in both research and curriculum. This paper focuses on the development of special children's psychology in China from three aspects: subject orientation, research status and subject setting.
Keywords: special children; psychology
In the process of rapid modernization of human society, people? It has become the center of the times and the eternal theme. In this context, special children, as a very special group, have attracted more and more attention. Paying attention to special children must answer the question of how to educate special children, so special child psychology, a special discipline covering psychology and pedagogy, came into being. In fact, compared with foreign achievements, special children's psychology in China has just started and is not mature. So what is special children's psychology, its characteristics, its development status and trend in China are all urgent questions that we need to answer.
First, the discipline orientation of special children psychology
Special children's psychology takes special children's psychology as the research object, focuses on the development trend of special children's psychology, summarizes the laws of special children's psychological phenomena, and finally aims to complete the necessary education for special children. Obviously, the psychology of special children is an interdisciplinary subject of psychology and pedagogy.
(A) psychology and psychology of special children
It is true that the psychology of special children is a branch of psychology. In this respect, the psychology of special children is an applied subject. In other words, we need to study the psychological phenomena of the object, including emotion, cognition, memory, attention and thinking, so as to understand the universal law of the psychological phenomena of the object and grasp the overall trend of the psychological development of the object. It's just that the research object is special. They are special children. The above research results can guide the care, education and even rehabilitation of special children. From this perspective, the psychology of special children, as a branch of psychology, is a subject with strong practical significance.
At the same time, it should be emphasized that special children's psychology and other branches of psychology also have strong cross-cutting. For example, as a basic discipline, general psychology provides basic research contents and methods for special children's psychology; Developmental psychology provides a theoretical basis for special children's psychology; As a supplement to special children's psychology, child psychology provides the possibility for the research of special children's psychology.
It can be seen that it is impossible to regard the psychology of special children as an independent discipline only from the perspective of psychology.
Psychology and pedagogy of special children
It is said that the scope of pedagogy may be too wide, and perhaps we can find the position of special children's psychology in special pedagogy. On the one hand, special children's psychology is no longer an applied discipline, but a basic theoretical discipline. Its purpose is to provide standards for distinguishing special children and provide basis and methods for implementing special education.
It can be seen that the psychology of special children is a rich and complex interdisciplinary subject, which has both theoretical and practical significance. The discipline definition of special children's psychology provides a direction and broadens the road for us to study special children's psychology.
Second, the research status of special children's psychology in China
So at what stage is the research on the psychology of special children in China?
In developed countries in Europe, the research on special children's psychology began in 1970s, and many important works appeared. Compared with foreign countries, China is obviously still in the primary stage. However, it must be said that China's attention to the psychology of special children is gradually heating up, and the research content and objects are gradually enriched.
Judging from the number of research documents, the number of papers on special children's psychology published every year has been increasing since 1980s. From the first few articles a year to dozens of articles now, although it has dropped occasionally, the overall number is on the rise.
The research objects are also constantly enriched. Special children in a narrow sense generally refer to those children with obvious physical defects, that is, disabled children; Special children in a broad sense include children with special needs in addition to disabled children. For example: children with learning disabilities, autistic children, mentally retarded children, supernormal children and so on. The research scope of special children in China is constantly expanding. But it still focuses on the study of children with learning disabilities and mentally retarded children.
Judging from the research content, in the past 30 years, it has moved from single to multiple, covering a wider range. Including the study of cognitive ability, the making of intelligence scale, the diagnosis and definition of special children, and the study of how special children return to society. It can be said that a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend.
Although the development of special children's psychology in China is generally optimistic, we have to say that we still lack standardized and systematic research. For example, most of the research still stays at the level of empirical description, without rigorous scientific methods and perfect theoretical support. However, most scholars only pay attention to a familiar aspect, which makes the research on special children's psychology more systematic and comprehensive. These are the directions that we should work hard in the next step.
Third, the curriculum construction of psychology for special children in China
As we discussed before, special children's psychology belongs to the cross-discipline of psychology and special education. Therefore, in China, the curriculum of special children's psychology is mainly aimed at special education majors and psychology majors in colleges and universities. In these two majors, there are several ways to set up courses:
First, set up a special child psychology course within the framework of special education, focusing on psychological characteristics.
Second, the course directly targets the psychology of special children and involves all aspects of the psychology of special children.
Third, further refine the discipline and set up a course focusing on a certain aspect of special children's psychology. Including specialized cognitive development research courses, specialized children's diagnosis and definition courses and so on.
These courses are based on pedagogy and psychology and are produced within a large framework.
Adapting to the curriculum is the compilation of special teaching materials. For example, the introduction to special education, special education and psychology and education of special children highlight the psychological problems of special children. In addition, it is worth mentioning that from 1999 to 2000, the normal education department of the Ministry of Education compiled a set of professional textbooks for secondary special education normal schools. This set of teaching materials is published by People's Education Publishing House. Including: psychology of blind children, psychology of mentally retarded children and psychology of deaf children. It can be seen that special children's psychology has been paid more and more attention in the curriculum.
However, we can still see that there are great problems in the current curriculum construction:
First, the special children's education curriculum has not been taken seriously. This special pedagogy and psychology must be included in the discipline, and not all colleges and universities offer it. So far, only a few universities such as Beijing Normal University, Huazhong Normal University and Chongqing Normal University have offered this course in their special education or psychology majors, but most normal universities have neglected this course. Moreover, in these universities, the hours of this course are not enough.
Second, there is a shortage of special children's psychology teachers. As this discipline is a newly emerging young discipline, there are few or no professionals who have studied systematically, which makes it impossible to teach even if relevant courses are offered in colleges and universities. Many times, this course has become an armchair strategist.
Third, the teaching materials of special children's psychology are still scarce and unsystematic. Apart from the above mentioned textbooks, there are few systematic monographs on special children's psychology. At the same time, there are also the same problems as the research status quo. Teaching materials mostly focus on one aspect, and there is no comprehensive and systematic teaching material.
These problems make our special children's psychological education in a dilemma. Therefore, how to solve these problems is that special children's psychology is paid attention to and there is a more scientific curriculum, so we must face more and more special education professionals.
In a word, the psychology of special children in China is still in the ascendant. This new discipline under the framework of psychology and special pedagogy needs more attention and research. A people-oriented society should pay attention to the children of special groups and try to integrate them into society and learn to live. Therefore, in this land full of love, special children's psychology should be developed. (Author: Shenyang Normal University)
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