3/kloc-More than 0/00 years ago, Zhou Wang, a tyrant of Shang Dynasty, was bewitched by his beloved concubine da ji. He once gave him a terrible punishment than his loyal father who didn't give advice for three days. As a result, Zhou Wang not only lost one of his most loyal ministers, but also killed his elders' indifference to human feelings, resulting in the abandonment of heaven and man, which eventually accelerated the downfall of Shang Dynasty. According to later scholars' research, Bi Gan, a loyal minister who died of Zhou Wang's heart abuse, was the ancestor of Lin Wanwan, Qian Qian.
About this origin, there are positive and detailed records in many ancient books. For example, the History of Taoism says: "Yin Biganzi took refuge in the mountain of Changlin because of his family"; "Compilation of Surnames" pointed out: "After Yin Taiding, the son of Prince Bigan was killed by Zhou, and his son fled to the mountain of Changlin, which strengthened the idea of protecting the forest, hence the name Lin. Lu Fang, disciple. " Zuo Zhuan contains historical records of Lin Yong, Lin Bukui, Lin Chu and Dai, and Zuo Zhuan says that the leader of Lin Chu is the best of Ji.
Another preface to Jin 'an Xiupu also points out: "Lin gave birth to his son, and Yin died after being remonstrated. His son fled to Changlin, gave his surname Lin, ate and collected Boling, and lived in Zhou, Lu, Qi and Wei. During the Warring States Period, people in Zhao's position began to live in Jiumen (now Hebei Province). Qin and Zhao merged and moved to Qixian and Zouxian (both in present-day Shandong Province). Han settled in Sanqin, divided into Zouxian and set up Jinan, so he was a native of Jinan. After Xiapi (present-day Jiangsu Province) came the forest.
Based on the above three documents, the context of Lin is very clear. They are descendants of Shang Tang, an ancient sage. The direct ancestor of Shang Tang is Shao Shi Bigen, who was killed by Zhou Wang in 1 123 BC. Bigan was the son of Tai Ding, the emperor of Shang Dynasty. Well, Bi Gan is the 32nd great-grandson of the Yellow Emperor, and he is a brother with Taiyi, the father of Zhou Wang, so he should be Zhou Wang's uncle. When he was killed for his advice, his son fled to Changlin Mountain. Soon after, Zhou Wuwang destroyed the ridge and made it a national god. Give his descendants a surname of Lin and eat it in Boling (now Anping County, Hebei Province).
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, their descendants were scattered in Shandong, Henan and other places in the north. After Qin Shihuang unified the world, they gradually lived in Jinan, Shandong Province, and merged into a noble family, and gradually propagated to the south. By the time Jinshi went south, there were already traces of forests in Jiangnan, and by the time of Tang and Song Dynasties, people had spread all over Fujian.
In the pre-Qin period, celebrities who made meritorious deeds in the name of Lin were everywhere in history books. For example, when the sage Confucius traveled around the world, he met an old man who "sang and gleaned" in defending the country. Under Zi Gong's inquiry, he led to a sentence: "Death is inconsistent with life, so the person who dies today knows whether he is born or not ... and he knows that he is not confused when he is alive. He knows that his death today is not what it used to be." This wise rural old man lived an ordinary and thorough life. His surname was Lin, and he was one of the early outstanding foresters.
In the Qing Dynasty, everyone was very familiar with Lin Zexu's deeds. He resolutely destroyed more than 2 million Jin of British opium, making Guangdong's defense impregnable and leaving the British army with no choice but to cross the line. The corrupt Qing court exiled him to Yili after ceding land compensation according to the Opium War Treaty. The story of his brilliant work there has been sincerely admired and respected by everyone, and it will always exist and shine with the sun and the moon.
The original meaning of the word "Lin" is a piece of trees, and the origin of Lin is related to the Woods. Lin's family has formed Xihe, Jinan, Xiapi, Jin 'an, Nan 'an and other counties since his son's surname was Bi Gan. Lin ranks 16 in contemporary surnames. Its birthplace is now Weihui City, Henan Province.
Weihui City, Henan Province is located in the hinterland of the Central Plains (Zhongzhou). Counties and counties were established in the second year of Emperor Gaozu, also known as Weizhou City, and were governed by the state, the road, the government and the road. 1948 Jixian County was liberated and Weihui City was established. It is located at the eastern foot of Taihang Mountain and the north bank of the Yellow River. Since ancient times, Weizhou has been an important town in northern Henan, known as "ten provinces in Nantong and China in the north".
Weihui City was the Mu Ye of Shang Dynasty. "Outside the city is the outline, outside the outline is the suburb, outside the city is the pasture, and outside the pasture is the wilderness." Weihui is only 25 kilometers away from Chao Ge (now Qixian County, Henan Province), the capital of Shang and Zhou Dynasties. BC 1029, a tragedy happened in the capital of Yin Shang Dynasty, and the cruel Shang Zhouwang dug his heart and executed his uncle. No one expected that one of the most popular surnames of the Chinese nation, Lin, was born in this tragedy.
After Bigan died, Shang Zhouwang didn't give up. He even wanted to kill Bigan's family. Mrs. Bigan Chen is pregnant. She fled Chao Ge in the starry night and ran in the valley covered with trees and leaves. She gave birth to a son in the stone room next to the mountain spring and named him Quan. Soon, Zhou Wang came to the army and asked what the baby's name was in his arms. Looking at the forest, Chen pointed to Lin as his surname and said, "Last name is Lin". The pursuer roared off. Afterwards, Chen named the child Lin Quan.
Soon after, the battle of Makino, which decided the fate of Shang Dynasty, started here. Shang Zhouwang's army mutinied, Zhou Wang set himself on fire in Lutai, and the Shang Dynasty perished.
After the Shang Dynasty was destroyed, Bi Gan was reburied and given the orphan nymph named Lin and Jane. From then on, I began to write the history of Lin's surname.
We visited Lin's birthplace and came to Weihui City. Even if the iron hoof of war shattered the forbidden garden in the past, even if the yellow sand of the Yellow River covered the ancient city wall, the leaves were still leaves. As soon as we set foot on the land of Weihui, our body and mind were immediately wrapped in a strong historical and cultural atmosphere, and the legends, place names and sites about Bigan filled our ears.
According to Mr. Lin, the memorial service of Bigan in Weihui City, it is said that after digging his heart, Bigan was like dirt, and his Tibetan robe was silent, riding south alone. He knew that his heart (now Xinxiang, Henan Province) would grow a new one. Unexpectedly, when he went to Konoha, he met an old woman who became da ji and stopped to sell vegetables. Bigan asked, "Vegetables can live without a heart. How can a person live without a heart? " The old woman replied, "a vegetative person can live without a heart, and a person without a heart will die." Worse than vomiting blood and falling off a horse. Suddenly it was dark and windy, flying sand and stones, and Bigan's body was buried to form a grave, so it was called the celestial burial tomb. Around the grave, there is a circle of ruthless vegetables. With the whining sound, the cypress trees around the tomb bend the trunk and break the crown, and some even split from the center of the trunk, becoming "bent cypress", "flat crown cypress" and "happy cypress".
Legend has it that Bigan's horse is sad because it can't see its owner. He barked around the celestial burial tomb for three days and nights, his voice hoarse. Still unable to find his master, he flew south until his intestines broke and he fell to the ground and died. The villagers sealed the tomb for this horse and specially built a Mawang Temple as a memorial.
Although the legend is not sufficient, Bi Gan was buried in Weihui. We don't care about the beautiful scenery of Weihui at all, just going north to visit Bigan Temple.
Bigan Temple is located in Bigan Temple Village, Dunfangdian Township, 7 kilometers northeast of the city. The Hall of Supreme Harmony in the Northern Wei Dynasty was built in 18 (AD 494), covering an area of 44,000 square meters. Bijia Temple is surrounded by Zhu walls, Cooper and stone tablets, which is a sacred place for children's forest descendants of Bijia Temple in the world.
Looking from a distance, the Dan Xin archway stands tall and reads: "Faithfulness". Passing through the archway-style temple gate and walking along the Bigan Shinto, I saw the main buildings in the temple row after row. The main hall of Bigan was hidden in the shade of trees, resplendent and magnificent, and the attached halls and wings on both sides were hard mountain buildings with their own characteristics. The lion, roaring in the sky and other stone carving beasts placed in the mausoleum temple have different expressions, or they are used to ward off evil spirits in the tomb or to make money. Bi Gan Tomb, located at the back end of the temple, was sealed by Zhou Wuwang in 1028 BC, covering an area of more than 20 mu and about 20 meters high. Hundreds of cypress trees were planted on the grave. It is the first mound-shaped tomb recorded in China, and the oldest tomb in the history of temple construction in China.
On the left side of Bigan's tomb are undulating loess hills, and on the right is the towering Taihang Mountain, so Bigan Temple is called the treasure land of "two dragons playing with pearls". Bigan Temple was built because of the tomb, and Shi Zhizai wrote: "Wei Xiaowen traveled here southward, and the temple was built because of the tomb", in Taihe, Northern Wei Dynasty, 18 (494). 1500 years, although the temple has been baptized by disasters and wars, it still stands tall after several repairs. The existing temple was rebuilt in the seventh year of Hongzhi (1494).
More than 80 stone tablets in the temple are full of ancient cultural colors. After the memorials of emperors, famous ministers and literati, it has become a cultural treasure house with many inscriptions. Walking in it reminds people of that ancient love. According to historical data and Lin's genealogy records, the tombs and temples of Bigan were valued and protected by emperors in past dynasties, mainly including sealing the tombs, building temples by Emperor Xiaowen, sealing the imperial edicts of Emperor Taizong, writing the genealogy of Bigan, setting up a statue tablet of Bigan, clearing poems, and rebuilding the main hall of Bigan by Emperor Xuanzong of Qing Dynasty. They called Bigan "three generations of solitary loyalty".
On the stone workshop behind the main hall of Bigan Temple and in front of the tomb pavilion, ten characters are engraved: "Lonely loyalty never dies, so social cypress still exists". A tombstone is erected in the pavilion, engraved with the words "Yin Bigan Mo" and inscribed with the words "The Book of the Most Holy Master". When Confucius was handed down from generation to generation, he personally led his disciples to the tomb to mourn and carve stones in front of it with a sword. According to experts' research, this is the only original Confucius found in China.
Confucius called Bigan, Weizi and Ji Zi the three "benevolent people" in the Yin Dynasty. He said: "Shang Zhouwang is dissolute and heartless, which makes everyone in North Korea feel insecure. As a result, Cabbage escaped, and Ji Zi pretended to be crazy and died after remonstration. These three people are all benevolent people in the late Shang Dynasty. " He also said: "When the emperor rules the people, he should be open-minded and listen to opinions with an open mind. In the past, Shang Tang and Zhou Wuwang established their own dynasties because they were good at listening to the opinions of ministers, while Xia Jie and Shang Zhouwang were destroyed because they refused to take advice. These are all lessons left by history. "
Speaking of this tombstone, there is another legend. It is said that Confucius wrote "tomb" as "Mo" and borrowed land for soil. Later, an ignorant county magistrate who was good at being a teacher saw the tombstone and laughed at Confucius for writing typos. He said in front of his entourage, "I will correct this word today. I will be a word teacher of Confucius." The county magistrate added a local word under the word "Mo". Just after the engraving, suddenly dark clouds were gathering and the thunder was deafening. Only with a bang, the local characters were blown away again. Until today, the trace of the fracture of this stone tablet is faintly visible, and the word "Mo" on the stone tablet still has no "earth".
In Bigan Temple, there is a stone tablet named Lin, which was written by Pei Qian, Wei Huifu, Jiajing (17 (1538) in Ming Dynasty. The inscription is nearly a thousand words, which is legible. It is the only stone carving cultural relic in China that can be traced back to Lin's surname. Pei Qian was a scholar in Zheng De's period and an official of Shandong's deputy envoy. He learned a lot and wrote many books, such as Chuzhou Collection and Jimen Collection.
The inscription said: "Since ancient times, there has been no monarch who refused to remonstrate. Since ancient times, loyal subjects are not as good as opponents. Shao Shi, the son of the Prince, sighed and messed up the law, only hurting the market. So, I have to say, it is not appropriate to die. ..... "The historical materials described in the inscription are accurate, the writing is vivid, the reasoning is thorough and touching, and it is indeed a masterpiece handed down from generation to generation.
Walking out of the temple gate, we visited the village at will. Biganmiao Village is a military camp in the east, Shilipu in the south, Xiedao Village in the west and Houzhuang in the north. Beijing-Guangzhou Railway and 107 National Road run through the north and south. Xu Yongzhi, an old man who has taken care of Bigan Temple for many years, said that the village is a square yard, 180 households with more than 700 people.
Biganmiao Village was built because of the tomb, so it was named after the tomb. Zhou Wuwang sealed the tomb, and Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty built it into a temple. In 645 AD, Emperor Taizong paid a visit to Bi Gan's tomb and held a grand sacrificial ceremony. He awarded the imperial edict to Bi Gan, Yin's great teacher, and made him a "loyal and fierce public", sealed Bi Gan's tomb, built temples, and stipulated that states and counties should customize gifts and sacrifices, and distributed their property to five farmers nearby, and sent them to guard the temples for sacrifices. Since then, a generation.
Xu Yongzhi is an old man who is nearly sixty years old. He used to work in the civil service office of Bigan Temple. His children and grandchildren are full, well-off and happy. We invited him to take a family photo, and the old man readily agreed.
Xu Yongzhi also said that the "Changlin Stone Chamber" cave was discovered in Longwo Village, Shitou Township, Yumai Mountain in the west of Weihui City. The cave is located on the precipice of Longchenwo Village. On the Fangyi Mountain and Lincang River, there is Jiufeng Mountain in thousands of feet. In the deep mountain canyon, it is an endless surging river. The hole is about 3 meters deep and 40 square meters wide. There are green trees outside the cave, overlooking the left and right, surrounded by mountains and boundless forests, and there is indeed the aura of "dragon lying"
According to local officials, since 1993, Weihui City has held the "China Weihui Bigan Birthday Celebration" every year, and has received 38 forest organizations from Thailand, Singapore, Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei, Vietnam, Japan, South Korea, the United States, Canada, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan 15 countries and regions. More than 200 domestic and foreign leaders and celebrities sent letters of congratulations, which further promoted Weihui's opening to the outside world and rapid economic development.
Weihui has many cultural relics and historic sites. After visiting Bigan Temple, we visited the ruins of the ancient battlefield of Muye War, Jiang Taigong's hometown and Jiang Taigong Temple.
The heavy humanistic atmosphere of Guweizhou is full of epic heroism, and its vast relics and unyielding loyal soul make us realize a dream of exploring the source. Lin surname is a surname with a long history, which comes from the Yellow Emperor and is said to come from a famous minister in the late Shang Dynasty. Bigan was originally a member of the Shang royal family. When he was in Shang Zhouwang, he served as Shao Shi, and he was famous for his loyalty and honesty. Zhou Wang fatuous, repeatedly advised and remonstrated. Later, he was found guilty of this, his heart was cut off and he died. In order to avoid being chased by officers and men, Mrs. Chen fled to the stone room in Changlin and gave birth to a son in the dense forest, named Jane. Because he was born in Lin and took Lin as his surname, he was honored as his ancestor by Lin. As one of the "three benevolence" in the late Shang Dynasty, Bigan wrote an epic historical chapter. Most of Lin's genealogy and genealogy are Lin's ancestors.
Besides the above, forests have other sources. Another source of Lin's surname is Ji, a native of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (770-720 BC), who is the youngest son of Ji Yijiu. According to legend, in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, there was an illegitimate child named Kai. Children and grandchildren take his word as their surname and Lin as their surname. Later, I gave birth to Won, Won, Won, and Qing. Because Luoyang is the capital city, this Lin surname also originated from Nanjun, where Luoyang is located today, so the genealogy calls them Henan Lin surname.
In addition, there were other surnames among Xianbei people in the Northern Wei Dynasty. In the movement of Emperor Xiaowen changing his surname, he also changed his surname to Lin and was registered as a native of Luoyang, Henan. The above three Lin surnames are the main lineages of Lin surnames today.
Among today's Lin surnames, there are descendants of the minority Lin surnames in Jianzhou, Fujian Province in the Tang Dynasty. Some people changed their surnames from Marco Lin; Have a plenty of blue surname changed; There are also people who changed their surnames from 1969; There are descendants of Mongolian Khan Kutuketu Khan; Some changed their surnames from Zhu.
However, most people surnamed Lin in ancient and modern times respect the Yellow Emperor as the distant ancestor, and take it as their ancestor.
Migration distribution: Putian, Xiguan, Jin 'an, Xiapi and Jinlin 'an are five birthplaces.
Lin Jian's descendants multiplied and developed in Boling area. When Lin Zai was a child, his descendants also lived in this vast area, and even migrated and migrated. At the end of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Lin Ji, Cai Lin and others moved to the capital of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.
Lin Zhi, a descendant of Lin Hao, moved to Zou County, Qi County in the early Western Han Dynasty. Later, Qixian County was renamed Jinan County, and Lin Zi, Linzhi's son, became a native of Jinan, forming the Lin family in Jinan, which had a far-reaching influence on his later career.
Lin Mao was appointed as the satrap of Xiapi County and moved to Xiapi County. After taking office, he settled in Zitong Township. Later, this Lin surname derived from Jinan Forest was called Xuzhou Forest or Xiapi Forest, and Lin Ying or Lin Mao was the ancestor of Kaiji.
After the mid-Eastern Han Dynasty, Jinan forest began to move southward, especially the disaster of forest farmers' families at the end of Han Dynasty, which became the fuse for Jinan forest to move southward in large numbers. Xiapi forest and Jin forest, which have great influence on later generations, were both formed by the southward migration of Jin' an forest.
Gold comes from Jin 'an forest. The founders of the Jin family are the 1 14 great-grandson of Huangdi and the 82 great-grandson of Bigan. He became the magistrate of Jin 'an County, so his family settled in Jin 'an. Lin is the first person to enter Fujian. Besides staying in Jin 'an, his descendants moved to Houguan (now Fuzhou, Fujian), Tang Fu (now Fuqing, Fujian), Changle (now Changle, Fujian), Lianjiang (now Lianjiang County, Fujian), Wenling (now Quanzhou, Fujian), Putian (now Putian, Fujian), Jinjiang (now Jinjiang, Fujian), Nan 'an (now Nan 'an, Fujian) and other places. In addition, Xiapi
Jin initiated the history of forest development in the southeast coast. Due to the numerous branches in the historical development, especially some of them later moved back to the north or Taiwan Province Province and other overseas places, and became the largest Lin tribe in the world. Among the Lin surnames in various places today, the number of Lin surnames and descendants of Putian Jiumu is the largest. This is the root of the pattern that there are more forest surnames in the south and fewer in the north of China today.
The descendants of Lin (whose parents were from Putian) proclaimed themselves emperor at the end of Sui Dynasty and were the only emperors in the history of Lin's development. According to legend, Bigan took loyalty to Shang Tang as a pledge, and made an oath that his descendants would not be king. Therefore, Lin is an emperor who should be an emperor instead of an emperor. But this is just a legend, and there is no real record to refer to. The Lin family in Putian was the largest family promoted to the surname, and then the family flourished, becoming the fifth birthplace of the Lin family after Xiguan, Jin 'an, Xiapi and Jin 'an.
Lin's family in Jiumu Hall was the founder of Lin Pi (the great-grandson of Bigan 98th) in Putian in Tang Dynasty. Later, descendants of the Lin family in Putian moved to Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Chaozhou, Taiwan Province Province and other places one after another, becoming the ancestors of the Lin family.
Lin Yutang originally lived in the north, moved south with Wang at the end of the Tang Dynasty and settled in various parts of Fujian, and later developed into an influential school of Lin Yutang. He became the founder of Lianjiang, Konghe, Taojiang, Fuquan and Houan tribes.
From the root, some people surnamed Lin who live overseas moved from Fujian and Guangdong. Others moved from these places to Taiwan Province Province, and then moved from Taiwan Province Province to other regions or countries. County hall number is a kind of appellation that is often used before surname, and it is a special noun indicating the origin or lineage of surname. There have been many county names in the history of Lin surname, among which Xihe, Jinan, Xiapi, Nan 'an, Jin 'an, Jiulong, Shide and Jiumu all have great influence.
Xihe is the first county of Lin surname. From the beginning to the end of the Warring States, the Lin family in Xihe experienced three dynasties, namely, the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and passed down for 40 generations for more than 800 years.
The origin of Jiulong Gate and Shidetang: Lin Hao, the great-grandson of Bigan, was the prime minister of Zhao during the Warring States Period. He was once in power and respected. He has nine people, influenced by family style, each with his own strengths. Their name is Jiulong, and their home is also called Jiulong Gate. Plus Lin Hao, 65,438+00 father and son are famous for their ability and political integrity, so their home is called Shidetang.
The origin of Zhongxiao Hall: the hall number given by the emperor was named after the surname of Lin Yue and Alin, the ancestor of the ancestors, and it was famous for its loyalty and filial piety.
Origin of Jiumu Hall: In the Tang Dynasty, Lin Pi, a descendant of the ancestor, was named Prince Zhan. He married three wives successively, and the third wife later gave birth to nine sons, all of whom later made a state secretariat. Because the state secretariat is also called the state. Nine brothers together, it happens to be Jiumu &; .