1820165438+1October 28th was born in a textile factory owner's family in Bamen, Rhine, Germany.

He studied in Bamen School as a teenager and 1834 transferred to Belfit Science Middle School.

1837 His father insisted that he drop out of school to go into business. 1 year later, I went to work in a firm in Bremen. At that time, Germany was faced with the task of national unity and democratic revolution. Engels was attracted by the democratic political thought and contacted the young German movement.

1839 In the spring, Deutsche Telekom published a letter from Wupeihe Valley, which exposed the darkness of feudal autocracy and religious piety and poured sympathy on the working people.

[Edit this paragraph] Engels' life

1In September of 837, his father sent him to study business before he graduated from middle school.

1838 July to 184 1 March, I worked as an intern in a trading company in Bremen, studied hard in my spare time, and wrote articles criticizing German feudal autocracy, religious superstition and capitalist greed, which showed my initial revolutionary democratic thoughts.

184 1 September to1June, 842, served in Berlin, attended philosophy lectures at Berlin University and participated in activities in young hegelians. During this period, he successively published pamphlets such as Schelling on Hegel, Schelling and Enlightenment, Schelling-Christian Philosopher, and sharply criticized Schelling, an idealist philosopher who advocated "Apocalypse Philosophy". He also wrote articles to expose the German feudal autocracy represented by Kaiser William IV and became a staunch revolutionary Democrat.

184 1 After Feuerbach's The Essence of Christianity was published, he accepted Feuerbach's materialism.

1842165438+10. In October, Engels worked as an employee in the "Oumen-Engels" textile company in Manchester, England. Here, he took part in the Charter Movement, met activists of the right-wing alliance, and studied history, philosophy, political economy and socialist theory in depth, from idealism to materialism, from revolutionary democracy to science.

1844 In February, the German-French Yearbook edited by Marx published the Critical Outline of Political Economy, which initially revealed the contradiction of capitalist private ownership.

1At the end of August, 844, Engels met Marx on his way back to China, and their lifelong cooperation began.

1September 844 to1March 845, he wrote about the British working class in Bamen, describing the tragic situation and historical mission of the proletariat.

1845 co-authored Holy Family with Marx, and co-authored German Ideology from October to May of the same year165438+/kloc-0. This shows that Marx and Engels have completed two major changes.

1In the spring of 846, Engels and Marx founded the proletarian communication committee in Brussels. In the autumn of the same year, he went to Paris to carry out activities to win and educate members of the right-wing alliance in order to get rid of the influence of "real socialism."

10, Engels and Marx joined the alliance of the just. In June, he attended the first congress of the * * * Producers' Union held in London and founded the first proletarian revolutionary party guided by scientific socialism. In June+10 of the same year, he was elected to the Paris Regional Committee of the League, and was entrusted to draft the program of the League (that is, the principle of * * * productism), and preliminarily expounded the basic principle of scientific * * * productism in a question-and-answer genre. June 65438 +065438+10, attended the Second Congress of the League of Nations with Marx and served as the secretary of the Congress. The Congress accepted the ideas of Marx and Engels, formulated the articles of association based on the principle of democracy, and entrusted them to draft the program of the alliance.

1848 In the middle of February, on the basis of the principle of * * * productism, the * * * Declaration of the Productive Party drafted by Marx and Engels was published in London.

1848 February and March, the European bourgeois revolution broke out in Paris, Berlin, Vienna and other cities. In March, Engels was elected as a member of the Central Committee of the * * * Producers' Union, and together with Marx * * * in Paris, he drafted the Requirements of the German * * * Producers' Party. In April, they arrived in Koren, Germany. Engels served as the editor-in-chief of the New Rheinische Zeitung and assisted Marx in presiding over the editorial department of the newspaper. He also went to Bamen and other cities in Rhine province.

From the autumn of 1848 to the beginning of 1849, he went into exile in Belgium and Switzerland to help organize Swiss workers' associations.

1May, 849, participated in the armed uprising of Aibeifeite. In June, he served as adjutant of Willich Volunteers in Baden-Pfalcz and went to the front to fight. After the failed uprising, he was exiled to Switzerland. 165438+ 10 arrived in London and was elected as a member of the Central Committee of the Alliance, responsible for reorganizing the Alliance.

1In March and June of 850, he cooperated with Marx twice and drafted the Confessions of the Central Committee to Producers of * * *. In order to support Marx's family, who was trapped in extreme poverty, Engels moved to Manchester that year and went to the sea to do business again in "Oumen-Engels Company".

During his stay in Manchester, Engels kept frequent correspondence with Marx, discussing the theories and strategies of the international workers' movement and academic issues in various fields. Engels conducted a wide range of theoretical research, especially on military science, linguistics and dialectics of nature.

From 185 1 1 to 1852 to 1 1, Engels wrote a series of articles entitled "German Revolution and Counter-Revolution" for the New York Daily Tribune, which profoundly summarized/kloc-0.

1857- 1859 He wrote many military items for the new American encyclopedia.

186 1- 1865, wrote many articles about the American civil war.

1867 After the publication of the first volume of Das Kapital, he wrote many war comments for the workers' newspaper and the bourgeois newspaper, and accurately analyzed and predicted the progress of the war.

1In September, 870, Engels ended his 20-year "Egyptian prisoner-style" business life, moved from Manchester to London, and worked with Marx to lead International Working Men’s Association. In June+10, 5438, at the suggestion of Marx, he was elected as a member of the International General Committee, and served as the communication secretary and financial member of Belgium, Italy, Spain, Portugal and Denmark. During the Paris Commune, he and Marx organized activities to support the commune.

187 1 At the International London Delegate Conference held in September, Engels put forward that the working class must participate in class struggle and establish an independent proletarian party that opposes all the old political parties.

During the International Hague Congress in September 1872, Engels and Marx made important contributions to defeating the bakunin cabal and adopting resolutions on political and organizational issues. According to Engels' proposal, the International General Committee moved to new york. After The Hague Conference, he wrote "On Authority" and "Socialist Democratic Alliance and International Working Men’s Association" (co-authored with Marx), which comprehensively exposed and criticized the anarchism and separatism of bakunin Group politically, theoretically and organizationally, and profoundly expounded the dialectical relationship between democracy and centralism, democracy and dictatorship.

After the disintegration of International Working Men’s Association, Engels and Marx worked together to spread the theory of scientific socialism and establish and develop socialist political parties in various countries.

1in March, 875, in his letter to Baerbel, he expounded his principled position on the merger of the two factions of the German workers' movement and criticized the mistakes made by some party leaders in pursuing unprincipled merger.

1876- 1878 wrote a group of articles entitled "the changes implemented by Mr eugen dooling in science" (that is, "anti-Turin theory"). When criticizing Turin's idealism transcendentalism and petty-bourgeois socialism, he systematically expounded the three components of Marxism-philosophy, political economy and scientific socialist theory for the first time, and

/kloc-in the summer of 0/880, at the request of the leader of the French Workers' Party, Laferger, some chapters in the anti-Turin theory were adapted into utopian socialism and scientific socialism (that is, the development of socialism from utopian to scientific). This booklet, called "Introduction to Scientific Socialism" by Marx, has played an important role in popularizing the basic theory of Marxism.

From 1873 to 1883, Engels drafted the writing outline of Dialectics of Nature, completed several chapters and fragments, and laid the research foundation of Dialectics of Nature.

1883 after Marx's death, Engels shouldered the heavy responsibility of guiding the international workers' movement, sorting out and publishing (or reprinting) Marx's heritage, defending and developing Marxist theory, and cultivating young socialist activists and theorists from all over the world.

1In July, 885, Engels undertook the arduous task of sorting out and publishing the second and third volumes of Das Kapital that Marx did not finish in his later years, and the second volume of Das Kapital was published.

1June, 887, the first volume of Das Kapital was published in English. He also reprinted other works of Marx and works of famous activists of * * * producers' union such as william wolf and Georg Wilt, and prepared to publish the complete works of Marx.

1889 In July, under the guidance and promotion of Engels, the International Socialist Workers' Congress (the Second International) was held in Paris. Under his care and guidance, the Second International joined forces with workers' political parties in various countries and launched a struggle against anarchism and reformism.

1893 In August, Engels attended the Second International Congress held in Zurich during his trip to the European continent. This is the only time Engels attended the Second International Congress. In his closing speech, he hoped that the proletariat of all countries would strengthen unity, learn from each other and abide by the revolutionary principles of * * * in their struggle against the enemy and strive for liberation. At the same time, the proletariat of all countries should organize themselves independently and adhere to the principles of "free association" and "voluntary association". In other articles and letters, he emphasized that socialist political parties in various countries should establish independent, independent and equal relations, and political parties and proletariat in various countries should decide their own revolutionary strategies according to local conditions. He opposes any political party to speak on behalf of the European proletariat, denies that any political party has the "firstborn right" to lead the international proletarian movement, and opposes that the leaders of any political party give orders to socialists in other countries.

1894 65438+February, the third volume of Das Kapital was published.

1August 5, 895, Engels died of cancer. On June 5438+00, a memorial service was held in the lobby of Waterloo Station at Westminster Bridge. On 27th, according to his will, his ashes were scattered in the sea off the coast of Eastburn.