(1) narrative
Do narrative reading questions, you can start from the following aspects:
One, benefit from the law class, benefit after class:
In the third grade, we learned a lot of beautiful narratives in textbooks. Mr. Ye Shengtao said: "The text is just an example." We should learn the general methods of narrative reading from these examples, and then apply these methods to the reading of extracurricular paragraphs.
Narrative is the most commonly used style in our life and study. Therefore, we must master the methods of reading and writing narratives. The information revealed by the examination questions of the senior high school entrance examination in recent years shows that reading more books and thinking more will be beneficial to study and examination.
For example, since 1999, the State Education Commission has advocated reading more books and reading good books. 200 1 promulgated the National Chinese Curriculum Standard, which lists the recommended books for middle school students' extracurricular reading. It can be seen that broadening your horizons and enriching your reading life are beneficial to you in many ways.
Second, the specific steps are as follows:
1. Perceive the content of the article as a whole and define the center.
2. See the connection between the parts of the article, get a general idea of the article, clarify the structure of the article, and divide the level of the article.
3. Feel the thoughts and feelings expressed in the language of the article.
4. Understand the meaning of words and sentences in the context, and understand the meaning and function of words in a specific language environment.
5. Find out the most deeply felt sentences or paragraphs in the text, grasp the center of a paragraph, find out the key sentences and understand the deep meaning of these sentences.
6. Appreciate the beautiful and incisive sentences in the article, initially appreciate the images and descriptions in literary works, and appreciate the vivid images of the language.
7. When reading prose, we should understand the thoughts and feelings contained in the people or things written by the author, understand the characteristics of material selection and composition of the article, and understand the characteristics of prose "scattered but not concentrated".
8. When reading a novel, we should grasp the personality characteristics of the characters, analyze the description of their appearance, language, movements and psychological activities, understand the plot of the story, understand the role of environmental description, and understand the author's writing intention.
Finding the ending of reading skills in narrative, argumentative, expository, prose, poetry and novel is the inevitable result of the development of the full text and one of the important components of the article structure. Shi Tuo, a famous modern writer, once said, "When writing an article, no matter how long it is, we should first consider the ending. With the end, how to start, how to arrange in the middle, it will be solved. " A good ending should be like a leopard tail, loud and powerful, alarming and inspiring. For example, Lu Xun's "On the Collapse of Leifeng Tower" ends with only two words: "What a suck!" In just two words, it can be said that it is concise and penetrating the back of the paper!
In fact, the end of an article is sometimes more important than the beginning. Because the rater begins to grade after reading the end, its quality directly affects the rater's scoring psychology. Li Yu once said: "At the end of the article, we should capture the soul with flattering words and let it linger on the picture scroll. If it is hard to say goodbye." If the ending has this effect, the whole article will add a lot of color. At the end of the argumentative paper, collect the full text and highlight the central argument; To reflect the compactness and integrity of the full-text structure, we should not retreat hastily or gild the lily; Language should be crisp and powerful, clear and loud, inspiring and inspiring.
It is important to understand that Chinese is Putonghua in China's classical Chinese modern expository essay. In fact, when I study Chinese, I don't have to waste time remembering things, just understand it, especially classical Chinese.
Reading, is there a fixed answer mode, argumentative, narrative and explanatory? Recommendation: Basic knowledge of 100 questions (including pronunciation, sick sentences and idioms, which I think is very good) Reading: Skills training of modern Chinese reading in senior high school entrance examination (similar to the cover of English cloze reading) Composition: read more books, youth abstracts, and excerpts can be quoted in the composition. Reciting the senior high school entrance examination is not difficult! Senior, I even know which line and column a word is in when I recite it.
The application prospect of answer formulas in argumentative, explanatory and narrative texts
An argumentative essay is an article that shows opinions and clarifies truth. It takes argumentation as its main expression. The general test sites for argumentative writing are: (1) the accumulation and application of language; (2) Looking for arguments and finding out the difference between arguments and topics; (3) identification, understanding and demonstration methods; (4) discuss the structure clearly; (5) Grasp the meaning, levels and paragraphs; (6) Understand the skills of argumentation and selection; (7) Analyze and try to find out the meanings and expressive functions of key words and sentences; (8) Experience the accuracy and rigor of discussion language; (9) Understand the central sentence, supporting sentence and their relationship; (10) Contact life experience to understand the author's point of view and writing intention; (1 1) Find or supplement arguments; (12) The difference between argumentation and refutation, etc.
Skills refer to Tianjin.
To read an argumentative essay, we must first understand its characteristics. Argumentative writing has three elements: argument, argument and argumentation. Only by grasping these characteristics of discussion can we know where to start and how to "read" when reading.
First, grasp the argument.
When reading an argumentative essay, the most important thing is to find out the central argument of the article. In most articles, the title only puts forward a topic, and the central argument is implied in the discussion of the article. In some articles, the title is the central argument. Then as the title of the argument, it is generally a sentence or phrase that expresses judgment and affirmation. Some articles put forward a central argument at the beginning. There are also articles that put forward central arguments in the middle or at the end of the article. .
Second, clarify the argument.
Reading argumentative essays, after mastering the arguments, we should also find out which arguments are used to prove the arguments in Chu Wen. Argumentation is generally divided into factual argument and rational argument. Factual arguments include examples, historical facts, statistical data, etc. Facts must be reliable and representative. Rational argumentation includes the correct exposition of revolutionary instructors and the principles, laws and formulas of natural science. In addition, famous sayings, proverbs, aphorisms, etc. , correctly reflects the laws of nature and human life experience, also belongs to the rational argument.
Third, clarify the ways and means of argumentation.
Only by clarifying the argumentation method can we better grasp and understand the central argument. To understand the argumentation method, we must first understand the commonly used argumentation methods. Commonly used argumentation methods include: example argumentation, reason argumentation, contrast argumentation, metaphor argumentation, etc. Secondly, it is necessary to clarify two ways of argumentation, namely, argumentation and refutation. Argumentative writing is to directly clarify one's views and opinions on things or problems; Refutation is to establish one's correct view by opposing wrong or reactionary views. When refuting the thesis, the argument methods used are "attacking the shield with a spear of a child" and reducing to absurdity.
Fourth, make clear the structure of argumentative paper.
When reading an argumentative essay, we must understand its structure. The structure of the paper is generally divided into three parts: asking questions, analyzing problems and solving problems, namely introduction, theory and conclusion. The common structural forms of argumentative writing are: juxtaposition, and the relationship between paragraphs is parallel juxtaposition; Step by step, the relationship between the parts is step by step, that is, step by step; The total score formula, the level of demonstration is the relationship between the general theory and the sub-theory, or the total score before the sub-theory, or the total score after the sub-theory. The general structure of the rebuttal paper is: put forward the wrong argument, analyze the nature and harm of the wrong argument, and get the correct view.
Understand the linguistic features of argumentative writing.
Because argumentative writing is the style closest to real life, its language is often distinctive, or criticizes the shortcomings of the times, or analyzes things to the point, or mercilessly satirizes the bad social atmosphere. In addition to strict logic, choosing words and making sentences is also quite troublesome, so you should understand it carefully when reading.
When reading a narrative, we should make clear the relevant knowledge points and grasp its stylistic features.
First, the concept of narrative: narrative is an article with narrative and description as the main forms of expression and people, narrative, scenery and things as the main contents. In middle school, for the convenience of teaching, materials, exchanges, biographies, memoirs, fables, fairy tales, novels, etc. Often classified as narrative teaching.
Second, the classification of narrative: from the content and way of writing, it can be divided into two categories: simple narrative and complex narrative. According to the different writing objects, it can be divided into four categories: 1. The writer's narrative; 2. Narrative narration; 3. Narrative writing of scenery (prose); 4. the narrative of the matter.
Third, the elements of narrative: narrative has six elements-time, place, people, the cause, process and result of events.
Fourth, the narrative order: there are three commonly used-direct narrative, flashback, and interpolation.
5. Narrative clues: Generally, there are the following types-human line, material line, emotional line, event line, time line and ground line.
Sixth, the narrator: generally speaking, the first person or the third person is used, and sometimes the second person is used.
Seven, narrative center and details: overall perception, accurately grasp the center of the article. Analyze the relationship between materials and center, and understand the detailed arrangement of materials.
Eight, narrative expression: there are five common-narrative, descriptive, explanatory, argumentative, lyrical. Complex narratives are often composed of several expressions.
Thinking and skills to solve problems:
Do narrative reading questions, you can start from the following aspects:
One, benefit from the law class, benefit after class:
In the three years of junior high school, we learned a lot of beautiful narratives in textbooks. Mr. Ye Shengtao said: "Wen is just an example." We should learn the general methods of narrative reading from these examples, and then apply these methods to the reading of extracurricular paragraphs.
Narrative is the most commonly used style in our life and study. Therefore, we must master the reading and writing methods of narrative. The information revealed by the examination questions in recent years shows that reading more books and thinking more will be beneficial to study and examination.
For example, from 1999, the State Education Commission advocated reading more books and reading good books. The National Chinese Curriculum Standard published on 200 1 lists the recommended books for middle school students' extracurricular reading. It can be seen that broadening your horizons and enriching your reading life are beneficial to you in many ways.
Second, the specific steps are as follows:
1. Perceive the content of the article as a whole and define the center.
2. See the connection between the parts of the article, get a general idea of the article, clarify the structure of the article, and divide the level of the article.
3. Feel the thoughts and feelings expressed in the language of the article.
4. Understand the meaning of words and sentences in the context, and understand the meaning and function of words in a specific language environment.
5. Find out the most deeply felt sentences or paragraphs in the text, grasp the center of a paragraph, find out the key sentences and understand the deep meaning of these sentences.
6. Appreciate the beautiful and incisive sentences in the article, initially appreciate the images and descriptions in literary works, and appreciate the vivid images of the language.
7. When reading prose, we should understand the thoughts and feelings contained in the people or things written by the author, understand the characteristics of material selection and composition of the article, and understand the characteristics of prose that "the form is scattered and the spirit is scattered".
8. When reading a novel, we should grasp the personality characteristics of the characters, analyze the description of their appearance, language, movements and psychological activities, understand the plot of the story, understand the role of environmental description and understand the author's writing intention.
Browse, read, read,
1 Get a rough idea first.
Read carefully with questions.
Reading more books can better grasp the thoughts and feelings of books.
It is best to take notes, analyze the description of characters' appearance, language, movements and psychological activities, understand the story, understand the role of environmental description and understand the author's writing intention.
Explanatory writing is a kind of style that introduces and explains things and things with explanation as the main expression. Explanatory writing generally has three characteristics: first, content science. That is, it can accurately reflect the reality and regularity of objective things and give readers a scientific understanding. Second, the order of the structure. In order to make readers have a clear understanding, there must be a certain order and order when explaining its characteristics. The common order of interpretation is chronological order (procedural order is also a kind of chronological order), spatial order and logical order. Third, the accuracy of language. Descriptive language should be accurate and give readers a scientific understanding.
Third, learn to read and analyze explanatory texts.
(1) Perceive the content of the article as a whole, grasp the explained object, and distinguish things from things.
The object of explanation is the topic explained in the article, which is mainly divided into two aspects: first, concrete things, including their state, nature, function and characteristics. The second is abstract things, including the essence of things, the internal relations between things or things. Reading expository texts must first accurately grasp the explanatory objects, so as to correctly distinguish expository texts from expository texts. The topics of most expositions are explanatory objects, such as Shenyang senior high school entrance examination in 2006-self-sufficient human bioenergy power generation, Xiamen senior high school entrance examination-ecological black boy in sea garden, Shanxi senior high school entrance examination (experimental area)-Qiaojia Courtyard-a bright pearl in the history of northern residential buildings, and Xinjiang Uygur senior high school entrance examination-environmental protection guards in the forest. Most descriptive articles use a central period at the beginning to clarify the description object of things. Sometimes, the topic doesn't reflect the object of explanation, so you have to read the material carefully, line up paragraph by paragraph, sort it out, trace back to the source and find out the object of explanation. In particular, we should pay attention to trying to figure out key sentences, such as the central sentence of each paragraph, the turning sentence, the repeated sentence in the article, etc., so as to find the explanation object. Whether it is an expository article or an expository article, it is very important to accurately grasp the explanatory object for reading and understanding the whole article.
(2) Analyze the content of the article and grasp the characteristics of the object.
It's not enough for an expository article to be unclear. In order to further understand the content of expository writing, it is necessary to pay attention to its characteristics, which is the key to analyzing expository writing. Only by accurately grasping the characteristics of the explanatory object can we deeply understand the explanatory object and understand the structural level and central content of the article. To grasp and explain the characteristics of objects, we should not only stay on the appearance of things, but also understand the internal essence of things. Specifically, we can start from the following two aspects:
1? Let's start with the topic analysis. Some titles point out the characteristics of the article while indicating the object, such as the dead sea undead; Some titles use declarative sentences to guide readers to grasp and explain the characteristics of objects, such as "seeing the weather from the clouds"; Some headlines use vivid metaphors and anthropomorphic methods to illustrate the characteristics of things, such as Streptococcus suis committing crimes on the earth again.
2? Let's start with material analysis. That is, analyze the characteristics of the things introduced by the author paragraph by paragraph, and then summarize them. The author has clearly pointed out the essential characteristics of some things in the article, so we should find out these key sentences when reading. Some explanatory texts have no obvious key sentences, so you should carefully ponder and refine them when reading.
(3) Clear the structure of the article, divided into paragraphs and levels.
The structure of explanatory text (focusing on paragraphs and levels) is relatively clear, and it is usually divided into three parts: the beginning leads to the explanatory object, the middle gives a detailed explanation, and the end gives a summary explanation. Common structural forms are: total score, subtotal, continuous and progressive.
(4) Analyze the order and find out the key words that indicate the order.
The common order of interpretation is: chronological order (program order is a kind of chronological order), spatial order and logical order. There are three ways to analyze and interpret this sequence:
1? Determine the object to be explained and analyze the order of interpretation.
2? Master language symbols and "read" the order of instructions.
3? Prioritize and summarize.
(5) Analyze the explanation method of the article and its function.
1? Analytical interpretation method
In order to clearly explain the characteristics of things, appropriate interpretation methods must be adopted. Common explanation methods include: example, classification, analogy, comparison, enumeration of figures, definition, explanation and enumeration of charts.
2? Analyze and explain the function of this method.
After mastering several common interpretation methods, we should also learn to analyze the function of each interpretation method in this paper:
(1) Example: That is, citing physical objects to illustrate things. Its function is to explain things visually.
(2) Classification: This is a method to explain objects one by one according to their shapes, properties, causes and functions. Its function is to make the content of the explanation clear and avoid overlapping.
(3) Metaphor: that is, using the rhetorical method of metaphor to explain things vividly. Its function is to vividly explain the characteristics of things and enhance the interest of articles.
(4) Contrast method: that is, a method of selecting specific or familiar things that have some external or internal connection with the things to be explained and comparing them with the things to be explained, or comparing them with numbers to highlight the characteristics of the things to be explained. Its function is to emphasize the characteristics of the explained object more.
(5) Number of columns: an interpretation method that shows the characteristics of interpretation by enumerating numbers. Its function is to explain the characteristics of objects more accurately and convince readers.
(6) Definition: that is, a comprehensive and detailed explanation of the essential attributes of the things to be explained in concise words. It reveals the essential attribute that distinguishes this thing from other things with basically fixed sentence patterns. The function is to make readers have an exact understanding of the concept and make the description object more rigorous.
(7) Interpretation: It can introduce or explain things or their characteristics in a popular way. Its function is to let people know more clearly what is explained.
(8) Drawing charts: This is a way to illustrate things and things with intuitive charts. Its function is to make readers understand the explained content at a glance.
(6) Understanding the accuracy of explanatory language.
Accuracy, diversity and flexibility are not contradictory. The language of expository writing is famous for its simplicity and vividness. Due to the different language styles of the interpreter and the author, there are various interpretation languages, but accuracy is the premise of interpretation language. In order to understand the accuracy of language interpretation, it is important to understand how words and sentences explain the characteristics of things. In order to understand its function and appreciate its beauty. We can start from the following three points:
1? Experience the accuracy of the head word in the context.
2? Pay attention to the accuracy of decorative words.
3? Pay attention to the special role of related words in ideographic accuracy.
(7) Accurately grasp the key words in the explanatory text and analyze their functions in the text.
Whether we can grasp the key words in the reading material is directly related to the understanding and analysis of the whole material. Grasping key words can be considered from three aspects: grasping the central sentence, analyzing the turning sentence and identifying the referred component.
1? There are three forms of central sentences: the first surround, the middle lead and the last link, with the first surround being the majority. Analyzing the central sentence helps to grasp the main content of the article (paragraph).
2? Turning sentences play a connecting role in the structure of the article and are also a sign of contextual cohesion. Analyzing turning sentences is helpful to grasp the level and focus of the article.
3? The analysis of referential elements is often investigated in the senior high school entrance examination questions, and the analysis should be comprehensively considered from two aspects: semantics and grammatical structure.
(eight) innovative consciousness, answer open questions.
Apes speak classical Chinese reading answers. One of the mistakes in the interpretation of the following words is (c) A. Wuping gave birth to apes (produced) B. Sa You (end)
C. It is safe to sleep every night. D. what's more, jump up and fall to death.
Narrative, argumentative, expository and classical Chinese can all use narrative or narrative as adjectives.
Argumentation is an argument, and argument is an adjective.
Descriptive words should be descriptive, or descriptive words as adjectives.
Classical English: Classical Chinese.
Classical Chinese refers to articles written in ancient written language. Usually, classical Chinese is old and difficult to understand, because the vocabulary of classical Chinese is ancient and written, which is difficult for modern people to understand. Explanatory writing and argumentative writing are the types of articles, and they are basically two different concepts from classical Chinese.
Is classical Chinese a general term for expository writing and argumentative writing? Classical Chinese refers to articles written in ancient written language. Usually, classical Chinese is old and difficult to understand, because the vocabulary of classical Chinese is ancient and written, which is difficult for modern people to understand. Explanatory writing and argumentative writing are the types of articles, and they are basically two different concepts from classical Chinese. Explanatory essay is an article that introduces something, and argumentative essay is an article genre that focuses on expressing one's views on things and phenomena. Hope to adopt!