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Everything related to works and writers can be evaluated. Generally speaking, we can express our opinions from the following aspects: we can analyze and evaluate the ideological significance, artistic characteristics and social value of the works; Can summarize and comment on the writer's creative experience and personality knowledge; Can guide readers to read; You can discuss the gains and losses of the work itself from various angles; Various aesthetic issues can be discussed in combination with the works' comments and so on. After determining what to evaluate, the next step is how to evaluate. Generally speaking, there are three steps in writing a brief review: introduction-evaluation-recommendation.
(1) Introduction
"Introduction" refers to a concise summary of the contents of the book, so that readers have a general understanding of the contents of the book. For example, the book review Unforgettable Nanjing Love contains 64 articles. In the first half of the 20th century, most of the landscapes, customs and habits in Nanjing were charming. 80 frames of photos clearly reproduce the old shadow of the ancient capital 50 years ago, and the old image of Jinling is very interesting. "
(2) Evaluation
"Evaluation" can be a bird's eye review of the whole book. For example, the book review "Show Another Einstein" commented on Einstein's collected works in his later years: "Every article reflects the author's keen knowledge and scientific vision. The book contains the conscience of scientists and intellectuals and is saturated with his great humanistic concern for all mankind in the whole 20 th century. " You can also focus on the details of the work and make the finishing touch comments. For example, Jin Shengtan's comments on the section "Lutai Town in Kansai" described Luda as a bartender: "All the way in Luda's pen, Luda wrote that he was generous and generous in beating people." In a few words, it is pointed out that Lu Da's action description in Water Margin is completely personalized. "Evaluation" is the most important and critical part in book review, and it is also the most skillful part. From here, we can see a person's ideological level, artistic accomplishment, appreciation ability, language skills and so on.
When evaluating works, please pay attention to the following points:
① Pay attention to the scientificity of evaluation. Under the guidance of scientific literary theory, comment realistically, and don't exaggerate or belittle it arbitrarily by personal intuition and prejudice.
② Pay attention to the originality of ideas. We should read, analyze, study, ponder and taste repeatedly, deeply understand and accurately grasp the object of criticism, tap the ideological significance and artistic characteristics of the works, and put forward our own novel, profound and incisive opinions; Instead of dabbling, the analysis is irrelevant, and only some old, superficial and vulgar views are published. There is such a novel in Shi Shuo Xin Yu: "Ruan Guanglu once had a good car and gave it to all borrowers." Someone buried his mother, but he wanted to borrow it but was afraid to ask. Hearing this, Ruan sighed, "I have a car, and others dare not borrow it. "Why?" Then burn it. Mr. Zong Baihua commented like this: "What a serious spirit of self-blame! But it is not out of fear of words and etiquette, but because of the emphasis on the beauty of one's personality and the expression of great compassion. "Mr. Zong's comments are original and incisive. The so-called "analyzing meaning with subtle connotation, distinguishing words unscathed." (Preface to The View of Ancient Chinese Literature)
③ Pay attention to the vividness of language. There are similarities between the language of criticism and the language of argumentation, such as requiring accurate and rigorous language expression; There are also differences, so it is necessary to emphasize appropriate literary talent and enhance the vividness and vividness of expression.
(3) Suggestions
This is the end of the book review, which means that good books are appreciated by readers. If unforgettable, it reads: "Nanjing culture has a long history and profound foundation, which deserves special attention." People who love Nanjing culture, even if they don't go to Nanjing, can experience Nanjing love from Nanjing love. "
format
As the saying goes, there is no fixed way to write book reviews, and of course there is no certain format, which can vary from person to person and from book to book. For example, a book review that focuses on feelings can directly start with feelings: "He Jianming's long reportage" Report on China's College Entrance Examination "is a very powerful work. If you don't read, the more you read, the more people feel that the college entrance examination is too heavy. It is so heavy that many people in China have their backs bent, and even the backbone of the Chinese nation has been seriously deformed. College entrance examination! When can I get out of the strange circle? " ("Out of the Strange Circle of College Entrance Examination") If you want to bring some literary color and give readers some suspense, you can also start with a lyric: "If you enter Proust's world, I don't think you will be amazed at the magical charm produced by that wonderful symbol, indulge in the long aftertaste of Madeleine snacks, and be shocked by the strong exposure of the secret world in human hearts. As one of the translators of Memories of the Past, I can't help but feel the temptation, impact, washing, enrichment and purification of my soul and senses from the sensory world opened by Proust. " Of course, the end of the book review doesn't have to be recommended. You can express a wish, such as "I would like to lead us to a poetic dwelling place through the path paved by Wei 'an's kind and simple language, vivid poetry and quiet and agile beauty." "(Reading) The recommended works are sincere in expressing their wishes. You can also criticize a phenomenon or practice, for example, "They think that if a child's painting can be exactly the same as the example, then this kind of training is successful. "But, they don't understand, children have their own world, children have their own art, they are different from adults! Various artificial restrictions may be a kind of strangulation to children's artistic potential. " The purpose of criticism is still to recommend.
Reaction to a book or an article
Book review in a broad sense includes post-reading. After reading it, I focused on my subjective feelings. There are three points to pay attention to after reading: First, writing after reading must have a clear central argument (or central idea), and it should not be chaotic and rambling. Second, this central argument (or central idea) must be extracted and summarized from the materials read, and it has an inevitable internal connection with the materials read. Third, you must write what you read, what you think, what you feel and what you realize. You can write a little, or you can write a few points, not asking for everything, but you must write your own unique knowledge and understanding. Stylistically speaking, after reading, put forward an argument, refute it, or elaborate it, which is similar to argumentative writing. Argumentative writing is usually classified as a kind of argumentative writing.
After writing, you should avoid the following situations:
① Less "feeling" and more "description". It is called feeling after reading, but there are few feelings, feelings and feelings, and many even repeat what they have read.
2 "Feeling" is not new. Although there are some feelings in the article, it is just the same old tune, or parrot-learned, and I can't write my own true and unique feelings.
3 "Love" is not deep. Although I can also write a little about my feelings, it's just trick or two, speaking in general terms and dabbling in it.
4 "Feeling" is out of tune. Although I wrote a lot of feelings, I don't know where the "feelings" came from, which has nothing to do with the materials I read; In other words, although "love" comes from "reading", it misinterprets the meaning of the original text and "love" is out of shape.
When writing a book review, no matter whether it focuses on evaluation or feelings, we should make great efforts to study the work itself repeatedly, so as to get to the point and have original opinions.