In China, juvenile delinquency refers to crimes committed by minors who have reached the age of 14, but are under the age of 18. Some time ago, CCTV and the Ministry of Justice conducted an online survey to understand the social concern about some legal issues. The survey results published later show that among the 10 legal issues listed in the survey, juvenile delinquency is the most concerned issue, which shows that juvenile delinquency has become one of the most concerned issues in society. From a certain point of view, minors are the most dynamic and potential group in a society, which plays an important role in the long-term development of a country and also plays a key role in the sustainable development of a society. Therefore, studying juvenile delinquency is the premise of preventing juvenile delinquency, an effective means to effectively control juvenile delinquency, and an important link and part of preventing and controlling criminal behavior in China. Therefore, this paper analyzes and studies the related problems.

2. The main characteristics of juvenile delinquency

1) According to the types of cases, robbery, theft, injury and rape are the main types, and most of them are accomplices. Minors who commit crimes together account for 60%-70% of the total number of criminals. When minors commit crimes, they often gather their playmates to commit crimes together. Due to the unstable mentality of minors, poor sense of self-control, courageous, easy to be infected to form accomplices, easy to form criminal gangs. However, gang members are generally unstable and have the characteristics of reconciliation at any time, which is more common in robbery and theft crimes.

2) The intention to commit a crime is sudden. Juvenile delinquency, mostly without premeditation and planning, is on a whim, reckless and impulsive. Some minors will attack and hurt people because of trivial matters, and premeditated crimes gradually appear, mainly imitating underworld crimes in movies and television, with little consideration for the consequences and cruel means.

3) Crimes against property are very common. Among juvenile criminal cases, the crime of stealing or robbing property accounts for 77%. However, the amount involved is not large, mostly between 10 yuan and 200 yuan, which is related to teenagers' psychology of "not breaking the law with less money", thus conniving at their criminal behavior.

4) The degree of violence is relatively light. In the crime of robbery, teenagers often search themselves or threaten them with words. If the victim obeys and surrenders, the robbery will be over. If the victim refuses to take the money, he will often threaten the victim to hand over his property by kicking or slapping. If the robbers fail to resist the victim, some people will give up, and some people will beat the victim slightly or seriously by group fighting or using weapons.

5) The crime site is narrow. Robbery cases mostly occur near schools and Internet cafes, mainly related to the fact that most of the teenagers involved are students of the school or surfing the Internet in Internet cafes, and there are few other social activities. At the same time, it is also related to factors such as targeting disadvantaged students, weak resistance, small external interference and easy success.

6) Low educational level. Most of them are primary and secondary school cultures, and some even drop out of school before graduating from primary school. Most of these people lack legal knowledge, most of them break the law without knowing the reasons, and few people realize that their actions are seriously harmful to society.

3. The main causes of juvenile delinquency

The emergence and existence of any phenomenon has its specific reasons and conditions. As a complex social phenomenon, juvenile delinquency is no exception. The reasons that restrict and determine juvenile delinquency are diverse and complicated. Therefore, in order to explore the causes of juvenile delinquency, it is necessary to use a variety of disciplines as tools for all-round and multi-angle analysis. The following analyzes the causes of juvenile delinquency from the perspective of psychology and sociology.

1) Curious, competitive, excitable and lacking in self-control. Adolescent minors are often full of energy, curiosity and thirst for knowledge in a rich and complicated world. However, due to various pressures, the group psychology is in a state of fluctuation anxiety, so their psychology is extremely fragile and they are likely to take risks.

2) lack of correct outlook on life and values, low moral standards, laissez-faire to oneself, follow one's inclinations.

3) Changes in the surrounding economic environment lead minors to engage in illegal and criminal acts in pursuit of material enjoyment and adventure. Bad community environment and bad culture are also the direct inducement of juvenile delinquency, and bad social environment is easy to make minors form bad habits and bad social and psychological quality.

4) Laws and regulations cannot be fully implemented, and the supervision of law enforcement departments is weak, which promotes the formation of juvenile delinquency. With the development of economy, various places of entertainment and consumption are increasingly prosperous. Some individual vendors even set up game halls and Internet cafes on a large scale to attract primary and secondary school students for the purpose of earning minors' property. Many teenagers are tempted to get involved and then indulge in it. However, some game rooms and internet cafes are full of pornography and violence, which leads to the cognitive distortion of minors and the implementation of illegal and criminal acts, so that game consoles are named "electronic heroin". This phenomenon, which leads to the ideological and psychological distortion of minors, has long attracted the attention and attention of all walks of life. Relevant laws and regulations also expressly stipulate that some entertainment and consumption places prohibit minors from entering or spending. However, for the sake of profit, a considerable number of entertainment consumption places openly prohibit underground activities, ignoring laws and regulations, and some even openly open them to minors. In addition, the relevant management departments turn a blind eye, making all kinds of illegal entertainment industries still "prosperous". In recent years, another case in which primary and secondary school students were robbed and injured in order to rob the internet fee is a true portrayal of minors being poisoned by game Internet cafes.

5) The bad influence of family. Labor Law Papers /ldflunwen/ Family is called the first classroom of life, the first place that minors experience and the starting point of their socialization. The influence of family plays an important role in people's growth, and the bad family environment has a very direct impact on the formation of minors' imperfect personality.

6) Adolescent sex education and psychological education lag behind. At present, the adolescent sex education in schools is basically blank, while the physical and psychological adolescence of minors is spent in schools, and the sexual concept is hazy and ignorant, which is prone to problems.

4. Countermeasures to curb juvenile delinquency

To sum up, because of their physiological and psychological characteristics, minors have limited ability to understand their own actions and consequences, are keen to show their independence and tenacity, and are impulsive, so they are easy to commit illegal and criminal acts. If we guide them correctly and properly, it will be easier to remove their personal danger and get them back on track. Therefore, to curb juvenile delinquency, the following countermeasures should be taken:

1) Strengthen legal education. Only by guiding minors to establish a correct outlook on the world, life, values and right and wrong can teenagers accept correct concepts, develop good habits of obeying laws and regulations, and make them know how to protect their legitimate rights and interests by law and make due contributions to society.

2) Strengthen the education of minors. First, parents should perform the duties of the first teacher, start from themselves and fulfill their responsibilities as parents. The second is to give play to the educational role of the school, to play the role of the main channel of the classroom, and to strengthen students' ideological and moral education. The third is to strengthen legal education.

3) Strictly enforce laws and regulations to eliminate the potential factors that induce juvenile delinquency. In order to reduce the incentives for juvenile delinquency, the Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency clearly stipulates that video game rooms and other places shall not be open to minors, otherwise they will be fined or suspended. But at present, many customers in video game halls are still minors. In order to attract primary and secondary school students, some game hall owners even provide services such as doing homework, asking students for sick leave and signing parents' opinions. Tempted by this, minors often commit crimes in order to raise money to play video games or enjoy "after-sales service". If the provisions of the Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency are strictly enforced, all game halls open to minors will be severely punished, which will undoubtedly help to control juvenile delinquency.

4) Make corresponding measures to help and educate people according to their time. There are two extreme ways to treat juvenile delinquency in our country: one is to criticize and educate minors who have committed minor crimes, so that they are lucky, unaware of the serious consequences of their actions, ignore the seriousness of the law, continue to commit more serious crimes, and slip further and further on the road of crime until they finally develop into serious criminals; The second is that once middle school students and college students are found to have violated the law and discipline, they are expelled from the school and pushed out of the school gate, so that they lose the opportunity to learn. After dropping out of school, these people do nothing, get along with minors with similar experiences and bad hobbies in society, infect each other, degenerate day by day, and finally embark on the road of crime.

5) Create a good living environment for minors, return them to a blue sky, return the campus to a pure land, and regularize social education.

5. Concluding remarks

The occurrence of crime is often the result of many factors. Therefore, only by fully understanding the causes and characteristics of juvenile delinquency and taking measures from various angles can we effectively control juvenile delinquency. We should pay attention to minors and provide them with broad development space. It takes three generations to make a gentleman. When dealing with juvenile delinquency, we should conscientiously implement the principle of judicial protection, implement the policy of education, probation and salvation for www.lawlunwen.com adults who commit crimes, and adhere to the principle of giving priority to education and supplementing punishment. Public security organs and court procuratorates should cooperate with each other in handling juvenile criminal cases, fully realize that juvenile crimes are different from adult crimes, and pay special attention to minors. If the whole society provides a good development space for minors, the minors in trouble will be effectively protected. We should continue to pay attention to and help minors grow up healthily, avoid juvenile delinquency and make due contributions to a harmonious society.