By autonomous learning, we mean that children in large classes actively adjust their learning strategies and efforts according to their learning abilities and tasks. It is a process of children's self-determination, self-selection, self-adjustment, self-evaluation and self-reflection in learning activities to show their subjectivity. Modern children's learning view holds that children's learning should be active learning, which can make children's body and mind develop freely, comprehensively and harmoniously. Cultivating children's autonomy can make children become people who have their own ideas, ideas and methods, can do things independently and constantly challenge themselves. Therefore, "let children become the masters of learning" and "let children learn by themselves" have become our goals. To make children "actively learn", we must first "learn to learn". "Learning to learn" is a necessary method to help children find ways and bridges to learn. How to make children actively participate in the learning process?
First, observe children and stimulate their interest in learning
To let children learn well, we must first let them learn to observe and have the desire and requirement to learn. The Outline points out that "teachers should be good at discovering the educational value contained in children's interests, games and accidents, seize the opportunity and actively guide them." If the child is passive, he will listen to what the teacher teaches. Such learning will not be effective, nor will it develop children's creative thinking. Interest is the catalyst of learning activities, which promotes children's cognitive process and learning process. Therefore, stimulating children's interest should run through the whole teaching process. Theme activities emphasize children's development, autonomy and exploration, which is the best carrier to develop children's active learning. Therefore, in the development of various theme activities, I constantly use various opportunities to create and provide conditions for children to learn actively. For example, when the theme activity "Song of Spring" is launched, it is necessary to enrich the material. In the past, the types and contents of collected materials were instructed and designated by teachers. This time, after observation and analysis, I realized that the children in the big class already had more relevant experience, so I asked them to collect the information themselves. There was no limit, and the children's reaction suddenly became active. In addition to looking for pictures, photographs and objects, they also brought idioms and stories about "spring". While expanding their experience, children also experienced the joy of performance and display, and their autonomy was greatly stimulated. ... cross-class, children face entering primary school, which is an important turning point in their lives. However, life in primary schools and kindergartens is very different, not as simple as children think, but in learning, environment, schedule and activity forms. Many parents have concerns. Can my child adapt? Is there any problem in primary school? Can they keep up? The survey shows that parents' worries mainly come from their children's study. They are worried that their children will not attend classes, and they will not be able to learn actively without being urged in class. Children also have all kinds of worries and don't show confidence. Objectively speaking, it will make children seriously uncomfortable during the transition period, which is not conducive to their development. To solve this problem, I think it is necessary to cultivate children's awareness and ability of active learning.
By autonomous learning, we mean that children in large classes actively adjust their learning strategies and efforts according to their learning abilities and tasks. It is a process of children's self-determination, self-selection, self-adjustment, self-evaluation and self-reflection in learning activities to show their subjectivity. Modern children's learning view holds that children's learning should be active learning, which can make children's body and mind develop freely, comprehensively and harmoniously. Cultivating children's autonomy can make children become people who have their own ideas, ideas and methods, can do things independently and constantly challenge themselves. Therefore, "let children become the masters of learning" and "let children learn by themselves" have become our goals. To make children "actively learn", we must first "learn to learn". "Learning to learn" is a necessary method to help children find ways and bridges to learn. How to make children actively participate in the learning process?
First, observe children and stimulate their interest in learning
To let children learn well, we must first let them learn to observe and have the desire and requirement to learn. The Outline points out that "teachers should be good at discovering the educational value contained in children's interests, games and accidents, seize the opportunity and actively guide them." If the child is passive, he will listen to what the teacher teaches. Such learning will not be effective, nor will it develop children's creative thinking. Interest is the catalyst of learning activities, which promotes children's cognitive process and learning process. Therefore, stimulating children's interest should run through the whole teaching process. Theme activities emphasize children's development, autonomy and exploration, which is the best carrier to develop children's active learning. Therefore, in the development of various theme activities, I constantly use various opportunities to create and provide conditions for children to learn actively. For example, when the theme activity "Song of Spring" is launched, it is necessary to enrich the material. In the past, the types and contents of collected materials were instructed and designated by teachers. This time, after observation and analysis, I realized that the children in the big class already had more relevant experience, so I asked them to collect the information themselves. There was no limit, and the children's reaction suddenly became active. In addition to looking for pictures, photographs and objects, they also brought idioms and stories about "spring". While expanding their experience, children also experienced the joy of performance and display, and their autonomy was greatly stimulated.
Second, create a suitable environment and encourage children to make their own choices.
The nature of learning is determined by the environment, and what kind of environment there is, there is what kind of learning. The Regulations on Kindergarten Work also points out: "Create a good environment suitable for education and provide opportunities and conditions for children to exercise and express their abilities." Children's independent choice refers to encouraging children to choose and explore according to their own interests, needs and purposes under certain circumstances. The independence and purpose of action of large-class children are gradually enhanced, and they gradually have a strong desire to be masters of their own affairs in their activities. Therefore, teachers must create an environment in which children have opportunities and conditions to choose, so as to meet the needs of children's autonomous learning.
Children need a relaxed, equal and free activity environment to learn and choose independently, so that children have the opportunity to choose. Teachers should actively adjust their roles as teachers, respect and trust children from the perspective of friends, and let children dare to choose according to their own wishes and needs, instead of letting adults decide what children do and not do. Children must not be obedient and passive in front of authoritative teachers. Of course, children also need to follow the necessary daily routine and should choose to study in a harmonious and orderly environment. For example, class corner activities, teachers should encourage children to choose their favorite corners according to their own needs and interests, rather than stipulate their activities; In art activities, let children choose different materials and ways to complete their works; In game activities, let children choose their own game partners and roles; The teacher asked the children to choose their favorite learning content according to the requirements of the theme activities; In scientific activities, teachers guide children to understand the objectives of activities, and then choose different and their own ways to explore, operate and experiment; Teachers should also let children choose their own students on duty, let children experience the glory of students on duty doing things for the collective, and so on.
Children's active learning environment should also be rich, diverse and selective, so that children can choose conditionally. Children's learning is carried out in the interaction with the environment. A single environment can only make children compete for materials or be dominated by teachers, while a rich, operable and changeable physical environment can provide material conditions for children to actively perceive and explore. Teachers and parents should help children collect enough activity materials and provide opportunities to use them. According to the characteristics of large-class children's strong ability to do things independently, children can participate in the collection, processing, sorting and classification of materials and the creation of environment together, enrich the material environment of the class and let children choose things and conditions. Only in this environment can children learn to choose independently, which is one of their active learning attitudes.
Third, create a democratic, relaxed and harmonious teaching atmosphere and form a new teacher-student relationship of mutual respect, trust, understanding and cooperation.
Teachers should establish the teaching concept of equality between teachers and students, change the traditional concept and realize the equality of personality, ideological exchange and emotional compatibility between teachers and students. Teachers should face up to children's individual differences, be full of trust and understanding for each child, encourage and support children to actively participate in activities, and should not subjectively deny children's different views, but listen patiently and actively guide them. For example, in the teaching process, children are allowed to answer wrong; The answer is incomplete and allowed to supplement; Think again without permission; Unclear questions are allowed; Different opinions allow arguments; If the teacher is wrong, allow the child to correct me; Even when necessary, children are allowed to express their opinions freely without raising their hands. In this democratic classroom atmosphere, children don't have to worry about being laughed at by peers or scolded by teachers, and their learning activities are completely free, so they will devote themselves to learning and fully appreciate the fun of learning.
Fourth, respect children and encourage them to try and explore boldly.
The "Outline" mentioned many times: "Let every child have the opportunity to try, support and encourage children to explore and express boldly." This fully shows that children are the main body of learning. Teachers should respect and protect children's subjective initiative. In the process of guiding children to actively explore, encourage children to find problems and solve them. In class, teachers can ask children with average ability not to raise their hands actively. After he answered correctly, the teachers should praise him in time, and don't forget to remind him: "Raise your hand boldly next time you answer, or the teacher won't know that you are so capable." Even if the answer is wrong, don't criticize, find some encouraging words to comfort him. For example, "you answer questions loudly and are worth learning." Sit down and think about it, will you? " "You are so brave today that you are finally willing to raise your hand and speak boldly." In this way, their psychological burden is gone, they feel that their personality has been protected and their enthusiasm for learning has been mobilized. For example, in the teaching of music activity "Happy Joy", children have a strong interest in festival music and the performance of musical instruments. According to the known experience, children abandoned common musical instruments such as bells and tambourines, and used percussion instruments such as gongs, cymbals and drums according to the characteristics of folk music. When they beat gongs and drums, they were more happy and intoxicated. In order to let children further explore the world with music, we started by looking for musical instruments, so pop cans, tin buckets, pot lids, aluminum pot, bottles, building blocks and even our own bodies have become particularly interesting learning tools for children. They are intoxicated in a space of infinite imagination and creation with all kinds of collected "musical instruments" and slaps of various body parts.
Fifth, let children bloom the flower of self-confidence in active learning.
Self-confidence is the main quality of initiative and the psychological basis for children to learn effectively and actively. As a "flower in the spiritual world", self-confidence can make children have positive learning motivation and happy mood. If children don't even believe in themselves, it is difficult for them to participate in activities happily and freely. Therefore, self-confidence is the beginning of a successful thing.
Self-confidence is a pleasant emotion. Success can give children a sense of accomplishment and a higher level of emotional experience, thus gradually forming and enhancing self-confidence. In active learning, because children find their own uniqueness in sufficient time and space, choose ways and perspectives according to their own level and preferences, and succeed in their own development process, it is logical and natural to establish children's self-confidence. For example, in the creative expression of stone painting, some children imagine painting through the shape of stones: oval pebbles are painted as fish bodies with colorful patterns and patterns, two irregular stones with the same shape are painted as fins, and triangular stones are decorated as fishtails, thus growing a vivid and colorful stone fish; However, due to limited ability, some children can only paint with several colors and decorate with patterns, and they can also complete the creative reproduction of stones. As a teacher, I appreciate children's works very much. No matter how much the teacher praises the children's works, I also want to make demands and hopes. Children will be more likely to accept teachers' suggestions in praise, and they will be more confident to actively learn and explore. Therefore, in active learning, we not only pay attention to how much knowledge and skills children have gained, but also pay attention to their successful experience and experience accumulation in learning. Self-confidence will lead children to a wider world and get more information. The establishment of self-confidence gives children greater motivation to learn actively.
Cultivating children's active learning ability is an important part of reducing children's convergence slope. To cultivate children's active learning ability and consciousness, teachers should always consider problems from the perspective of "children's development-oriented" and make themselves participants and discussants in children's learning, not just executors of teaching activities. Teachers should create a variety of alternative learning environments for children to ensure that children can move freely and play freely. In other words, it is very important for teachers to cultivate children's active learning ability. Teachers should have keen observation, flexible communication skills and effective guidance methods, which are extremely important. Let children learn to learn actively and enter primary school happily.