Early childhood education is an eternal topic for human beings. Incomplete educational contents, improper educational methods and unclear educational themes are common problems in early childhood education in China. Strengthening and improving the development of preschool education is of great significance to cultivate children's good behavior habits and moral cultivation.
Preschool education, family education, emotional intelligence education
Early childhood education is an eternal topic for human beings. Incomplete educational content, improper educational methods and unclear educational themes are common problems in early childhood education in China. Strengthening and improving the development of preschool education is of great significance for cultivating children's good behavior habits and moral cultivation. Preschool education for children is very important. It is a special project, which can only be realized with the cooperation of society, families and kindergartens.
First, the necessity of family education in preschool education
Family education is the first lesson for children. Every child spends about 60% of his time at home from birth to entering the society. Family education has a great influence on children's early development. This is because family education has more advantages than other social groups in the development of children's ideological quality, cultural quality and physical quality. Children have the following performance advantages: ① natural early development; (2) great infectivity; ③ Strong pertinence; (4) indirect transmission. If the advantages of family education are well played, it is very beneficial to the early growth and development of children. On the contrary, it will hinder the development and growth of children. Because children are the first educational objects of parents at home, they are young, and a good habit will be formed in a pure heart. For example, children who have received family etiquette education will greet their teachers when they come to kindergarten and thank them when they leave kindergarten. Intellectually, such children are also obviously better than uneducated children. They are quick-thinking and quick-witted, and can finish the homework assigned by the teacher with good quality. Teachers should always cooperate with children's families in education. Help correct their bad habits. For example, children who especially like snacks. Teachers should combine family education to let parents have a good breakfast before their children go to school. In addition, don't give children pocket money. Cultivate their habit of paying attention to thrift from childhood.
Second, the necessity of emotional intelligence education for children
When a child is four or five years old, his brain will grow to two-thirds that of an adult. Its precise evolution is the fastest developing stage in their life, and the most important learning ability, especially emotional learning ability, is also developed to the greatest extent during this period. Emotional experience after the age of 6 has a lasting impact on people's life. A child is impatient, suspicious, irritable, pessimistic, destructive, lonely, anxious, has various fears and fantasies, and is dissatisfied with himself. Facing all kinds of challenges in his future life, it will be difficult for him to seize the opportunity and develop his potential. It can be said that he has lost at the starting line at this time. Therefore, it is very necessary to carry out formal and systematic EQ education in early childhood, which is the basis of success or failure in life.
Third, the methods of preschool education.
(A) be good at mastering children's psychological characteristics.
Children and adults are two groups in different categories, with great psychological differences. Only by truly understanding these facts can we educate children effectively and achieve the expected goals. The psychological characteristics of children are: ① lively and active; ② Curiosity and thirst for knowledge; ③ Understand the specific image; ④ Strong imitation; ⑤ Unintentional; According to the psychological characteristics of children and above, children should not be allowed to carry out activities simply and boring for a long time. You should answer their questions enthusiastically and patiently. When educating children, we should pay attention to turning abstract things into concrete and vivid things [such as concepts and principles] for children to understand and accept. Children should be allowed to imitate civilized language and good behavior. For example, the children in our school kindergarten are all born in the countryside. They don't get as much as the children in the city. Many vulgar and boring words in the countryside are easily brought into the park by children and passed down in jingles. Over time, it's easier to do things than to change spoken English, so it's passed down. As for some downward movements, some children will imitate them, even in front of the teacher. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the education of children's civilized language and good behavior. Children should be organized to carry out various activities regularly. These activities should take children's interests into account as much as possible, and children should be educated to get good results.
(b) Intellectual development should be carried out scientifically.
Intelligence is the result of external environment exercise. Experts believe that it is determined by congenital factors and acquired factors. For ordinary people, the role of acquired factors is more decisive. Psychologists believe that most of the development and growth of the human brain is carried out in early childhood. Generally, children's intelligence can be opened by combining the following aspects: ① training children's action development; ② promoting children's observation; ③ Enrich children's language concepts; 4 improve children's memory; ⑤ Cultivate children's thinking ability; ⑤ Encourage children's creativity. Experts believe that it is necessary to provide children with a wide range of life experiences and contents, so that children can develop their intelligence after absorbing various forms of life experiences. For example, language teaching can be combined with politeness, so that children can learn "I love the motherland, love the people" and "I love my parents", which not only learns the language, but also cultivates their personality, thoughts and feelings. In order to improve the intuitive teaching of children, we can combine intuitive teaching AIDS. For example, put small toys on it: put books in the middle: write box below, and so on. Let the children observe first, then let the children speak, and then let the teacher regulate. Only by using various teaching methods can we improve their interest and arouse their emotions, so as to achieve the purpose of teaching and educating people.
(C) Artistic enlightenment should be novel
As mentioned above, children can't have long-term "reading and writing" training because of their active personality, inquisitiveness and fun. Children should be given more artistic enlightenment education, such as singing, dancing and drawing. Music is the art of sound, which vividly reflects the real life of society and expresses people's thoughts and feelings through beautiful voices. The appeal of music is enormous and unparalleled. Mayakovski said, "The singer's voice evokes courage." Melody can make people excited, bring incomparable joy and make people cry. Music can subtly influence the temperament of children in Zhi Tao, keep their good mood and promote their intellectual development. Therefore, in teaching, it is necessary to offer more music appreciation classes to let children get more exposure to music. Stimulate their interest in learning music. Teachers should combine some simple and easy-to-understand songs in teaching, such as: teaching to sing Silence, Kitten, Small Money, Ants Moving Beans and Irises, so as to cultivate children's career accomplishment. In addition, let children see some simple picture books to stimulate their interest in painting. Let colorful paintings leave an impression on children's minds. Let children learn to draw simple things purposefully, such as the sun, the moon and trees. After painting, let them color separately to deepen their understanding and understanding of things. When teaching dance, let children watch various programs performed by children, mainly recitation and dance, so that they can form concepts in their minds. As mentioned above, children are very imitative. As long as the teacher teaches carefully and patiently, the children will learn quickly and perform well. Experts believe that dance is a comprehensive art, which combines musical feelings, aesthetic vision and emotional expression. For young children, not only can they exercise their graceful posture, cultivate their beautiful emotions and noble tastes, but they can also develop their intelligence and increase their knowledge, making them more intelligent, confident, lively and healthy.
(D) cultivate children's good behavior habits
Thackeray, an English writer, said: "Sowing behavior, harvesting habits, sowing habits, harvesting character, sowing character, harvesting fate." This shows the importance of cultivating good behavior habits. Tao Xingzhi, a thinker in China, once said that "most of the important habits and attitudes needed in life can be cultivated successfully before the age of six." It reveals the necessity of cultivating good behavior habits as soon as possible. Early childhood is a crucial period to cultivate children's good behavior habits, while family education and preschool education are important periods for children to form good behavior habits, which is more important than knowledge acquisition.
1, home combination. The formation of children's good behavior habits is inseparable from the guidance of teachers and the edification of families. Today's children, most of whom are only children, are the sunshine at home. They take meticulous care of their children's lives, give them the best food and clothing, help them do everything they need to do, meet their requirements to the maximum extent, and never say no in front of them. As a result, the child developed a bad habit of selfishness and dependence. Moreover, children are constantly developing and changing physically and psychologically, and their behavior habits have not really formed. The behavior pattern accepted in kindergarten, if parents don't cooperate, children may soon abandon it when they get home. Therefore, kindergarten education can not be separated from the cooperation and supplement of families.
Family contact books, parents' gardens and children's growth manuals are used between kindergartens and families, so that parents can understand the knowledge of scientific parenting, put forward some specific requirements for parents, and ask parents to urge their children to strictly implement them, actively encourage progressive children and gradually develop good behavior habits. We regularly hold open days for parents to witness their children's performance in the park and understand the gap between their children and other children. At the same time, it also increases the affection between parents and children, integrates education into games, and allows parents and children to receive education in a pleasant environment.
Families should also create a good educational environment. First of all, parents should strive to create and maintain a harmonious, happy and respectful atmosphere. Children in such a family will feel warm and happy, emotionally stable, influenced by love, and sprout self-confidence and self-motivation; Secondly, it is necessary to create a beautiful and tidy family environment, so that children can sprout good behavior habits such as loving beauty and neatness, caring for things and living rules. Finally, we should extend the teacher's education model to family education and ask children what they do in kindergarten and at home. In this way, good behavior habits can be consolidated.
2. example motivation. Children's ability to distinguish right from wrong is poor, but they attach great importance to praise and encouragement from adults. Parents should take advantage of their children's enterprising psychological needs and affirm their good behavior in time, especially for children who can consciously follow the routine. In this way, children can get the positive stimulation of correct behavior and solidify it, and gradually develop behavior habits. For example, in order to cultivate children's self-service ability and solve some children's bad habit of not wanting to wash their hands, the teacher tells the children who have developed the habit of washing their hands, and at the same time shows them two pictures in specific educational activities, one is a dirty little hand and the other is a clean little hand, and then organizes children to discuss: "Which little hand do you like? Why? " Under the guidance of the teacher, children can tell the truth that there are bacteria on dirty hands and they will get sick if they eat them in their stomachs. On this basis, the teacher further guides the children to learn to wash their hands. When children wash their hands, teachers praise them in class in time, so that children can gradually develop the good habit of washing their hands before and after meals.
3. Scientific guidance. This phenomenon often occurs in early childhood education. Some teachers or parents want to educate their children and develop their good behavior habits, but they often do not, which is related to improper educational methods. For example, there is a parent who wants to educate his children to be filial to the elderly, but because he is eager to love his children, he eats, drinks and spends money casually, which leads to the child developing a bad habit of being self-centered, self-centered, selfish and willful, but not filial to the elderly. Therefore, adhering to scientific educational methods plays a very important role in cultivating good behavior habits. Children like to listen to interesting stories, and making full use of the carrier of story education to cultivate their behavior habits can produce good results. In order to cultivate children's love for food, we told them the story of "cock leaking", and then organized children to discuss different roles in the story to stimulate their love for food. In the meal after story education, the behavior of throwing food is obviously reduced.
I heard an example. One day, a mother took her child out for a walk. On the way, the child saw a feather on the ground and squatted on the ground to play. When the mother saw it, she stopped the child "Stop playing, it's too dirty". When the child was pulled by his mother, he kept looking back. The same thing happened to another mother and son. Mother's approach is "How did you find this feather?" ? Your eyes are really fierce, but they are too dirty. Let's take them back to take a bath and make them beautiful. "Children happily go home with feathers and make small toys, which not only respects children, but also gives them a chance to have parent-child activities. The same thing has two different results. Parents and friends, which education mechanism do you think is better?
4. Set an example. Children's thoughts are very simple and their understanding of the world is basically blank. So I pay special attention to the words and deeds of my first teacher and my parents. Parents' indecent words and deeds may mislead children. Parents should first be strict with themselves, set an example for their children, and influence and educate their children. Usually paying attention to your words and deeds can often play a subtle role. For example, when my mother saw a lot of napkins dropped by the trash can, she said to her daughter who was playing, "Look, the garbage has fallen to the ground. Do you want to keep the house clean or not? " Then pick up the garbage in front of her daughter and put it in the trash can. Since then, this situation has occurred, and the daughters have consciously thrown garbage into the trash can.
It is often said that children are a mirror of their parents. What kind of parents, what kind of children. Parents' words and deeds have a subtle influence on their children. With the growth of age, this influence has gradually developed into a way of life. Children are good at imitating and thinking with concrete images. Parents' good behavior habits are a direct example of children's learning, and parents' behavior affects children all the time. Such as queuing, giving up your seat, not spitting, etc. Parents must do what their children are asked to do first, and parents must not do what their children are asked not to do.
5. Strengthen consolidation. A person's good behavior habit is not formed at once, and it needs a process from strangeness to proficiency, and then from proficiency to liberalization. To complete this process, we must train repeatedly and gradually strengthen it. If some children don't put their toys back in the toy cupboard after playing, we should consciously organize children to practice putting away toys and repeat the training many times, so that children can develop the good habit of putting toys back consciously and in time without reminding. Behavior consolidation is to check and evaluate children's behavior routines in a specific period, so that they can consciously develop good life routines and consolidate the good behavior habits that have been formed under the constraints of life routines. In behavior consolidation education, appropriate incentives are also used to promote children to adhere to good behavior. In the exam, praise the children with good behavior habits and help the children who are not good individually. Children who did well in the exam posted stars on the wall newspaper to make them feel proud and honored, so as to inspire other children to study. In addition, the "small inspector" activity was carried out in the activities of students on duty. Every day, 1-2 children are arranged as "inspectors" in the class, so that they can check and evaluate the routine performance of the children in the class, which plays a great role in the development of children's good behavior and effectively promotes the development of children's good behavior habits.
To sum up, the work of cultivating children is arduous and glorious, involving many aspects, and we need to explore, study and make progress constantly to achieve the expected goal.
Early childhood education graduation thesis 2 1. The vigorous development of preschool education and the rapid growth of social demand are diversified.
To reflect on the pre-school education specialty in colleges and universities, we need to reflect on the current social demand for pre-school education, reposition our own professional goals, take serving the society as the guide, emphasize the applied talents needed by the society, and set the professional direction from multiple angles and directions in the training specifications. Preschool education in colleges and universities is the educational base for training preschool education professionals. The training direction of preschool education professionals should keep pace with the times and be gradually improved and perfected according to the needs of reform and development. The training direction of preschool education professionals should meet the needs of social development, especially the unique urbanization process in China, the early intervention of children's scientific literacy and the development of children's psychological quality. These three social needs are very urgent. According to the demand of market economy and talent market, today's society needs market-oriented talents trained by preschool education majors, and the requirements for them are getting higher and higher. Students majoring in preschool education, after mastering the professional and theoretical basic knowledge to improve their professional ability, have a good cultural quality and a certain innovative spirit through professional training and comprehensive quality training in different directions, and I believe they will adapt to social development and serve the society. Therefore, this study is of great theoretical and practical significance to reform the service-oriented preschool education specialty in colleges and universities from the aspects of scientific literacy, psychological quality and urbanization demand, based on the current social needs. And the corresponding relationship between training specifications and curriculum, the renewal of classroom teaching content system, and the formulation of talent training plan.
Second, the reform countermeasures for the training direction of service-oriented talents in pre-school education in colleges and universities
1. Reform the talent training direction of "children's psychological quality development" in preschool education major in colleges and universities. The Guiding Outline of Kindergarten Education puts forward the educational concept of lifelong education and sustainable development, and clearly points out that it is necessary to promote the personality development of each child. Under the guidance of these thoughts, quality education is developing vigorously, and psychological quality education is paid more and more attention. Early childhood, as the initial period of individual growth, is a critical period for the germination and cultivation of individual qualities, especially psychological qualities. Brain science and psychological science have proved from different angles that early childhood is a critical period for the cultivation of psychological quality, and education at this stage is very important for the cultivation of individual comprehensive quality. From the perspective of educational practice, psychological quality education is a kind of developmental education, and its foothold lies in optimizing people's psychological quality. Although children are inexperienced and immature physically and mentally, their psychological structure has strong openness and plasticity, strong thirst for knowledge and great development potential. Therefore, for pre-school education majors in colleges and universities, which are the cradle of training pre-school teachers, it is necessary to set up a professional pre-school psychological quality teacher to serve the front line of current pre-school education and avoid the occurrence of children's psychological problems.
2. From the perspective of children's scientific literacy, the reform of the training direction of preschool education professionals in colleges and universities At present, under the atmosphere of fully implementing "rejuvenating the country through science and education", science education, as a means of cultivating scientific and technological talents and improving citizens' scientific literacy, has also received increasing attention. China people's scientific literacy ranks behind the world, and their development level is low and has been stagnant, which has aroused people's worries and anxieties and has been looking for reasons and strategies. The fundamental reason is that they don't pay enough attention to scientific literacy, especially in early childhood. Early childhood is a critical period for the development and germination of all aspects of human quality, and the scientific enlightenment in early childhood is of course the key link for the birth of innovative talents. Therefore, the "Guidelines for Kindergarten Education (Trial)" promulgated by the Ministry of Education puts forward education in the field of science: "Children's science education is the enlightenment education of science, focusing on stimulating children's cognitive interest and exploration desire; We should try our best to create conditions for children to actually participate in inquiry activities, so that they can feel the process and methods of scientific inquiry and experience the fun of discovery; Science education should be closely related to the real life of young children and take things and phenomena around them as the objects of scientific exploration. " Early childhood education is the first step of talent training, and education in this period should lay a good foundation for the growth of young children. Education follows teachers, and the quality of education lies in the quality of teachers. Preschool teachers are children's first enlightenment teachers, which have a great influence on children's life development. The scientific literacy of preschool teachers greatly affects the scientific literacy of preschool children. The important source of preschool teachers' scientific literacy is pre-service training, which should be strengthened. Efforts should be made to reform the training direction of scientific literacy talents for preschool education majors in colleges and universities.
3. Reforming the training direction of pre-school education talents in colleges and universities from the demand of urbanization. At the same time of the rapid development of urbanization in Heilongjiang Province, the development of education, especially the development of rural education, has been inseparable and complementary to the development of urbanization. In the process of urbanization, the development of education at all levels in Heilongjiang Province is the most backward, and the problems of unbalanced and unfair development are the most prominent. This study can break the bottleneck of preschool education development in the process of urbanization, and innovate the development mode of preschool education from the aspects of kindergarten layout adjustment, kindergarten teacher team construction, kindergarten management system, kindergarten curriculum and preschool teacher education mode, so as to promote the fairness of preschool education at present, form a new situation of urban-rural interaction and coordination, make urban and rural children truly integrate into the urban atmosphere in the current social urbanization process, and realize the real fairness of preschool education.
Author: Dong Jing Unit: Harbin Cambridge College
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