2. Views on Learning Classical Chinese Significance of learning classical Chinese: (1) Learning classical Chinese well is conducive to understanding and learning China's profound culture.
Classical Chinese is an important cultural carrier, which completely and orderly preserves the rich and profound culture of China for 5,000 years. As long as we look back a little, from Shangshu to the literature of Qing Dynasty, we can feel how rich Chinese culture is contained in these classical Chinese books, and how many ancient people have outstanding wisdom and broad ideas.
Promoting traditional culture is the need of the times, and we have no reason to abandon thousands of years of cultural accumulation. As the teaching of classical Chinese in senior high school, it is natural to undertake the mission of improving students' traditional cultural literacy.
Learning classical Chinese in senior high school lays a foundation for them to further understand and love the motherland culture in the future, and has a far-reaching impact on their cultural literacy throughout their lives. (2) Learning classical Chinese well is conducive to enriching the spiritual world and cultivating a sense of language.
Poems written by ancient sages such as Qu Yuan, Sima Qian, Li Bai and Su Shi in classical Chinese are brilliant "spiritual lighthouses", which have been shining for thousands of years and bathed in ancient and modern times. Their souls have experienced a long spiritual journey in classical Chinese. Today, we let students follow the footsteps of ancient Chinese, which is a repeated experience of students' spirit.
Constant walking and constant experience are the spiritual accumulation, spiritual memory and spiritual inheritance of the nation! It is also the formation of language sense. Li, a writer, said in the 1940s: "People who have read a little poetry, such as orioles, swallows, pigeons, cuckoos and other birds, naturally feel completely different from those who have never read poetry.
We see everything through the eyes of poetry and listen to everything through the ears of poets, which seems to add a sense, while those who have never read poetry seem to be blind and deaf, and their life experience is naturally much worse. "Poetry here refers to classical poetry, so the accumulation of quantity is the formation of language sense and spiritual temperament.
I'm afraid all these are irreplaceable by simply learning vernacular poems. (3) Learning classical Chinese is conducive to promoting moral regression.
Morality, as a norm to adjust human behavior, is not only a means of human development, but also the purpose of human development. It has a positive role in regulating, educating and guiding the society. The Chinese nation has handed down many valuable moral concepts and values in classical Chinese since ancient times.
Therefore, classical Chinese has immeasurable educational potential and contains the soul of an ancient nation. In the process of rebuilding personal responsibility and virtue, classical Chinese teaching plays an irreplaceable role and function.
Many modern students generally lack the principles of self-cultivation, housekeeping, intimacy, employment and communication, which are thought-provoking in ancient classics. For example, there is such a statement about "honesty" in interpersonal communication in The Doctrine of the Mean: "Honesty is the way of heaven, honesty is the way of people."
"Only the sincerity of the world can make the best use of it; If you can do your best, you can do your best. If you can make good use of human nature, you can make good use of things; If you can do your best, you can praise the education of heaven and earth and participate in it. " Another example is moral integrity. The ancients emphasized this aspect so much that they even regarded morality as more precious than life.
In the words of Confucius, "the three armed forces can win the handsome, but ordinary people can't win the ambition." "People with lofty ideals are benevolent, don't live to harm others, and kill themselves for the benevolent." Although these moral concepts have certain class limitations, as long as we use historical vision and dialectical methods to explore and use them reasonably, we will certainly release great energy.
From the short-term effect, it is helpful to improve students' ideological understanding of one person and one thing; In the long run, it is helpful to strengthen personal moral cultivation, enhance social responsibility and shape ideal personality. (4) Learning classical Chinese well is conducive to improving the writing level.
In the first half of the 20th century, China's literary world shone with a number of talented superstars, such as Lu Xun, Hu Shi, Liang Shiqiu, Guo Moruo, Lao She, Ba Jin, Cao Yu, Lin Yutang and Zhang Ailing. They are brilliant, brilliant. They skillfully control the vernacular Chinese and construct a colorful chapter of it.
In sharp contrast, in the second half of the 20th century, China's literary world lost its luster, and there was no "master group" skilled in vernacular Chinese. Only a few people are called "vernacular masters". Of course, there are many reasons for this phenomenon, but the most fundamental reason is that primary and secondary schools have cut off the blood of systematic classical Chinese education since the 1930 s and 1940 s
This makes the people who became the mainstream of the literary world in the second half of the 20th century have not received a systematic and in-depth education in classical Chinese, and it is difficult for them to reach the concise, clean, pure, elegant, vivid and vivid state of classical Chinese. Therefore, reading a considerable number of first-class classical Chinese in adolescence is conducive to improving the writing level of vernacular Chinese.
200 1 College Entrance Examination Nanjing 13 Jiang Xinjie, a middle school student, wrote the perfect composition "The Death of a Red Rabbit" as proof. Based on the well-known story of the Three Kingdoms, the author compiled a touching story of Red Rabbit's sincere death, which was profound in meaning and used proficient ancient vernacular throughout. His understanding, literary talent and sophisticated language skills were unanimously appreciated by the marking teachers.
Later, the reporter had an exclusive interview with him, and Jiang Xinjie told the reporter that this was because he usually loved reading classical works. "The wind is not thick, and its negative boat is weak."
People who lose contact with classical Chinese will inevitably make the article long and straightforward because of the lack of classical Chinese. China is an ancient civilization with a long history, and our ancestors left us rich cultural wealth. Chairman * * * once said that we should adopt an attitude of "making the past serve the present" for ancient culture.
When we study classical Chinese, we should master the methods and inherit the ancient cultural heritage. Therefore, we should not only learn classical Chinese, but also learn it well, so as to inherit the ancient cultural heritage and truly make the past serve the present.
My opinion on Chinese is about 300 words, and I have my own opinion on Chinese.
We use Chinese every day. When we introduce something to others, we need to describe it in Chinese. It is necessary to express one thing in Chinese, even to communicate with others or introduce yourself to others. In a word, we can't live without Chinese.
Chinese is very interesting and can bring us happiness. Read extra-curricular books frequently, learn the skills and methods of Chinese writing from them, and make the composition lively, interesting or touching. Once, an article was published in a journal, and writing brought me happiness.
I am grateful that my knowledge of Chinese has helped me a lot. I have learned a lot of idioms and grammar knowledge, and I prefer ancient poems. From Chinese, I know Li Bai, and I like the momentum and boldness in his poems, such as the profundity of "Flying down three thousands of feet, suspecting that the Milky Way has set for nine days" and "Looking up, I found that the moonlight sank back, and I suddenly thought of home". I also like the poems of poets such as Meng Haoran, Bai Juyi and Du Fu.
After reading four great classical novels, I got to know many vivid characters in famous works through Chinese. I feel that the ancients expressed their thoughts through Chinese, 636f707932313335323631343133133333338. I will be very happy when I write a satisfactory composition. When I see interesting articles written by others, I will laugh happily. Chinese is ubiquitous in our life with its unique charm.
China people, like our friends, can give us a lot of help. When we are unhappy, we can vent our feelings in Chinese, and when we are happy, I can also record them in Chinese.
When we have something to tell our friends far away, we can write letters in Chinese to express our wishes. When we want to know the previous history, we can look it up directly through the written materials left by the ancients. China people are really our good friends.
Chinese is everywhere in our life. Even if there are titles and names marked with words everywhere in shopping malls, cinemas and hotels, it is easier for people to understand and communicate, which saves a lot of trouble. Chinese is our inseparable friend, which brings a lot of convenience to our life.
4. The essay "My Understanding of China's Ancient Literature" concludes that the feeling of reading the article has crossed the times. There are only more than 200 pieces of China Ancient Literature, but it has left a historical track of thousands of years, outlined the ups and downs of a hundred years, and recorded many Tessa's ambitions. Read books to see people, read big articles, and look at powerful husbands.
I love these masterpieces, but I want to be closer to these great husbands. I want to find out why, in the past 1000 years, when we read these chapters, the heartstrings always vibrate with everyone's plucking. Shi Mi's Chen Qingbiao is reasonable in every word and emotional in every sentence. An urchin whose father died young and whose mother remarried, a sick old woman. Shi Biao was presented with filial piety at this time, and the old grandmother at home was over 90 years old, still a candle in the wind and tottering. The tree wants to be quiet, but the wind will not stop. It is the most regrettable thing in life to repay kindness without kissing. Confucianism has been blowing for hundreds of years since Hanwu, and the idea of "putting virtues and filial piety first" has already taken root in the minds of intellectuals, not to mention crows can feed back. It is conceivable that Shi Biao must have tossed and turned that night when he was appointed by Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, and it was difficult to sleep. Judging from his early performance as an official in Shuhan and his career after his grandmother's death, Shi Mi is not a hermit, but what can he do if he abandons his grandmother at this time? Why can you bear it in your heart? On the other hand, at that time, the nine-product system was implemented, and one of its major characteristics was to show filial piety and let moral experts run the country. If you die happily, is it filial or unfilial? Why does Li Yu ask? Governing the country and calming the world is the ideal of every intellectual. Today, thousands of years later, we can't judge Shi Mi's mood and thoughts at that time, but one thing is certain: Shi Mi is a shining example of self-denial. Yueyang Tower in Hunan, Wangtengting Pavilion in Jiangxi and Yellow Crane Tower in Wuchang are also called "Three Famous Buildings in Jiangnan".
Are two kinds of life trajectories. Wang Bo is brilliant, with excellent poetry and prose. He is the first of the four outstanding figures, and this famous saying "However, China keeps our friendship, and heaven is still our neighbor" has been passed down to this day. And young and promising, 14 years old, was appointed as an official. I always feel that a person's early success will be accompanied by some bitter fruits. When Wang Bo preached in Tengwangge that "the sunset is lonely in Qi Fei, and the autumn waters are * * * one color", I don't know how many colleagues were jealous. Wang Bo's two beliefs are generally related to his arrogance towards talents and contempt for literati. The last conviction was also implicated in his father being demoted to Nanhuang as a county magistrate. Wang Bo, 27, drowned on her way to visit her father. His fall is as fast as his rise, which is really heartbreaking. Fan Zhongyan, an impoverished teenager, insisted on studying hard and didn't even take off his clothes to sleep for five years under the dilemma of two cold porridge during the solar eclipse. The official even got involved in political affairs.
5. Understanding classical Chinese from content and emotional analysis "The author's views and attitudes in classical Chinese" refers to the author's views and comments on people, things and reasons in the text, which reflects the author's emotional attitude in the text and has a strong subjective color.
"Analyzing and summarizing the author's views and attitudes in classical Chinese" refers to analyzing, reasoning and summarizing the author's views and attitudes in the text, whether explicit or implicit, or centralized or decentralized. Classical Chinese in senior high school mainly examines biographical articles, so it is necessary to understand the quality and merits of the characters written, pay attention to the author's brief comments, such as "filial piety" and "honest and frank", and pay attention to the argumentative sentences that express the author's views in narrative and argumentative essays.
There are generally two ways for an author to express his views and attitudes in an article: indirect expression-expressing the author's emotional tendency with words with favorable or unfavorable colors when describing people and events, or expressing his views with a character in the article, or relaying other people's comments. Direct expression-through the central argument and sub-argument in argumentative writing, argumentative lyric sentences in narrative writing and critical language in expository writing.
For example, at the end of the article in Historical Records, there are often evaluative languages such as "Tai Shi Gong Yue". There are two common propositional angles of "summarizing the author's views and attitudes by analyzing classical Chinese": (1) analyzing the author's basic views and attitudes according to the relevant materials of the article.
(2) Analyze the relevant contents of the article, reason and summarize the author's views and attitudes. When examining, it is often combined with "summarizing the main points of content and summarizing the central meaning" to examine in the form of multiple-choice questions.
Second, the answer method to do this kind of question must read the original text as a whole, and analyze the article center and attitude according to the specific context. There are the following methods: 1. Interpreting "Wen" with "Title".
The sentences used to make propositions in classical Chinese are often the key sentences in the text, and the words analyzed and summarized in the test questions generally involve the main content of the article. On the basis of overall reading, it is an important skill to understand the general idea of the article by "topic" By "reading backwards", the key to solving the problem is skillfully found.
2. Screening method. To find out the specific object and sentence range of "opinions and attitudes" in the options, it depends on who and what the author's opinions and attitudes listed in the options are aimed at and where the argumentative text is reflected.
Then compare the "viewpoints and attitudes" listed in the options with the corresponding "viewpoints and attitudes" selected in this paper, and get the correct options. 3. General evaluation method.
The author's views in this paper are expressed by narrating and commenting on people and events. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize and evaluate the author's views and attitudes from the narration of characters' words and deeds and events, compare and analyze this evaluation with the evaluation in the options, and select the options that meet the requirements of the topic. 4. Grasp the problem.
Only by carefully examining the stem of the question, grasping the key information in the stem of the question, making clear the requirements, carefully comparing and comprehensively analyzing can we find the correct answer.
6. Composition: My view on Chinese) The difference between Chinese and other courses is that it is always used in our life and we practice it constantly.
Chinese is extensive and profound, and thousands of years of precipitation have made it perfect and complicated. Learning Chinese well is not easy. This beautiful style of writing is Bai Juyi's "There is still half a face hidden behind the guitar for us to see", which can only be understood without words.
The history of vernacular Chinese is not long, from the new cultural movement to today, but a hundred years. Classical Chinese, which has accumulated thousands of years of history and has been eroded by years, is the real fragrant wine.
Since junior high school, classical Chinese and ancient poetry have become the focus of the exam, and nearly half of the textbooks are ancient Chinese. This is both a difficulty and a challenge.
It is not difficult to learn classical Chinese well. If you are careful enough, serious enough and diligent enough, you will get good results: remember carefully, do seriously and recite diligently. But even these points are not easy to do. If the preview before class is not sufficient, the class notes are not comprehensive enough, and the review after class is not timely enough, there will be forgetting and confusion.
Chinese learning is to be diligent in the final analysis. If you are diligent, you will learn by heart and take the natural examination. The extra-curricular classical Chinese part of the exam is a test of comprehension, extra-curricular accumulation and in-class application. People with different understanding abilities are different, but when it comes to applying what they have learned, it is "diligence".
Often do the questions and recite the text, and the response will naturally be fast. Well, maybe I'm just a little less diligent, and I can only talk but I can't pretend. That's where I should work hard.
Reading modern literature has always been my biggest headache. Modern literature in the class is like a mold, teaching us the rules and regulations of writing and all aspects of answering questions. These can be learned.
What is more difficult is what to express and what we can learn from literature and rational articles of meaning. We have to admit that we have to face the exam.
It is more appropriate to try to figure out the meaning of the standard answer than to try to figure out the meaning of the author. If so, it is related to "diligence". Doing exercises and taking notes often at ordinary times will help us accumulate the skills of answering questions.
Of course, our life is not exam-oriented education. In life, we have our own views and experiences on one thing, which may be more valuable than the so-called "standards" followed by others.
7. Now middle school students' views on ancient Chinese literature. The Chinese nation has a history of 5,000 years of civilization, and its development process and essence are concentrated in the vast amount of ancient Chinese literature.
Ancient prose refers to the characters in the Spring and Autumn Period, Warring States Period and previous ancient books. Xu Shen said in "Shuo Wen Jie Zi Xu": "Mrs. Zhou wrote fifteen pieces of Da Zhuan, which is different from ancient Chinese." Compare the ancient prose with the big seal script, saying that the ancient prose is a general term for the characters before the Book of Poetry.
Because the ancients had no pen and ink, they used bamboo sticks to draw and write on bamboo tubes. This is called book deed, also called bamboo slips. Because bamboo is hard and greasy, writing is not smooth, and the words written are thick and thin, like tadpoles, so it is called tadpole book or tadpole essay. The lacquer books on bamboo slips can all be called tadpoles, not necessarily books written by him or tadpoles.
Ancient prose mainly refers to the characters in ancient books, such as the Book of Changes, The Analects of Confucius, Chunqiu, Shangshu, Zhou Li, Shilu Chunqiu and Xiaojing. This is an early writing style.
Compared with parallel prose, it is a kind of prose with strange sentences, single lines and no dual temperament. Parallel prose prevailed after Wei and Jin Dynasties, paying attention to duality, neat syntax and gorgeous words. Su Chuo opposed the flashy style of parallel prose in the late Northern Dynasties, and imitated the style of Shangshu to write Dayu, thinking that the article was a standardized genre, called "ancient prose", that is, writing articles in the prose language of the pre-Qin Dynasty. Later, in the Tang Dynasty, Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan and so on. It is advocated to restore the tradition of rich content, free length, plain and smooth prose in the pre-Qin and Han dynasties, that is, to call such prose ancient prose. After writing Ouyang Sheng's Mourning, Han Yu said, "The more ancient it is, the worse it is to read its sentences. You can't see the ancients, but learn the ancient road. " Teacher Shuo said: "Li, ... is good at ancient Chinese prose and six arts. He studies in his spare time regardless of time." They all formally put forward the names of ancient Chinese prose, which were used by later generations. The outstanding ancient prose writers in the Tang Dynasty, although calling for retro, are full of innovative spirit. They not only emphasize the importance of "Tao", but also attach great importance to the role of "Wen", advocating creation, advocating that "only the ancient words must be their own" and "Wen follows the words to know his duties" (Han Yu's Epitaph of Nanyang Fan Shaoshu). The ancient prose they wrote is actually a new type of prose, which was extracted from the spoken language at that time and became a new written language. It has its own personality and the reality of the times, some of which are more difficult but not mainstream. He Jingming, who advocated that "literature should be in Qin and Han Dynasties" in Ming Dynasty, said: "The prose in Sui Dynasty was invincible, Li Han revived, and the ancient prose method died in North Korea" (On Poetry with Kong Li). It can be seen from this sentence that Han Yu's so-called ancient prose is different from the pre-Qin and Han dynasties, which has both inheritance and innovation.
Learning to read ancient Chinese requires a deep knowledge of writing. From the early 1920s to 1980s, "root-seeking culture" became hot again, and "Chinese studies" became hot again in the 1990s, which is the reflection and face-up of modern people on traditional culture. Today is the repositioning of traditional culture in today's multicultural China and even the world. Today, the world has reached a historical period of western learning spreading to the east and cultural transformation. Carrying forward Chinese culture is the unshirkable responsibility of every Chinese descendant. A country's learning is also. Life with land is on it, because there is a country, and people with a country have their own knowledge. People who study, learn the knowledge of a country, think it is useful for the country and govern it. "(Lecture on Chinese Studies, Journal of Chinese CuisineNo. 19) Mr. Deng's view on Chinese studies is very extensive, but he mainly emphasizes the practicality of Chinese studies. : "All the past cultural history of China is our' national heritage'; Studying all these past history and culture knowledge is a "national heritage", and the province is called Sinology. "Hu Shi's point of view has the widest influence because of his high position in academia. Modern people's understanding of "Chinese studies" mostly evolved from Hu Shi.
Now, Chinese studies can also be called national heritage. It is based on the pre-Qin Confucian Classics and various schools of thought, and covers a set of unique and complete cultural and academic systems such as Confucian Classics in Han Dynasty, Metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties, Buddhism in Sui and Tang Dynasties, Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties, Parallel Prose in Six Dynasties, Poetry in Tang and Song Dynasties, Novels in Yuan Dynasty and Novels in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It constitutes four magnificent classics, history, philosophers and collections.
At present, Professor Wang Furen of Shantou University has put forward the concept of "New Sinology", which he thinks is the need to adapt to the academic development of contemporary China. "New sinology advocates the overall concept of China culture, saying that Hu Shihao is good, but it does not deny the greatness of Lu Xun. Don't take the opposition of various cultures so seriously, every part is indispensable. " It regards China culture as a whole structure, which is the general name of China's academics, including China's ancient academics and China's modern and contemporary academics. "The new Chinese studies emphasize that politics, economy and culture are a whole, and no one can lack anyone.
Thousands of years of history and experience tell us that the prosperity of Chinese culture leads to the prosperity of the country, and the historical and traditional culture is full of cohesion, appeal and creativity. The vast majority of China ancient prose has been circulated for a long time, during which there are many wonderful works like clouds. Once you get into it, you will be fascinated!
It is true that it is as difficult for beginners to read ancient Chinese as it is to read gobbledygook. We can go from shallow to deep, step by step. The ancients could also read "hang your head over your head". Today, TV, Internet and other modern information dissemination tools have created very good conditions for us to learn ancient prose, and ancient prose education is becoming more and more intuitive. With a little effort, it is not difficult to learn real prose.
8. Perception of learning classical Chinese Original Publishing House: Xingyuan Blu-ray
First, it's best to get straight to the point from the start and write directly what happened under what kind of environmental background, paving the way for the next * * *. Second, write the event directly, what inspired you and made you feel something. It doesn't matter if you don't have it now. Pay more attention when you work in the future. Winter vacation is still long. I believe you will find relevant information and savor life! Third, then you can write the ending, which is how you feel. It should be profound and touching. Make a small incision and the composition will be finished. Learning to understand that "people will fall behind if they don't study"-this is an old saying that "people can't work all their lives, but they have to study all their lives"-is a new concept advocated by a learning society. Knowledge is a sacred "monster". Strangely, it is different from other resources. No amount of power, wealth, force and "knowledge" can be plundered and seized. The only way to acquire knowledge is to study. Because learning is the key to enter the temple of knowledge. Learning and time learning need time, and time is the companion of learning. People who are willing to spend more time, energy and effort on their studies will learn more, have a higher level of learning, have a deeper understanding of learning and have a greater learning effect. Time is everyone's wealth, but not everyone can understand its value. Some people regard it as everything in life, others regard it as a yardstick for eating and sleeping. Like space, time is infinite and limited. "The greatest, most correct and most talented thing is time", which is belinsky's attribute of time. But on the balance of time value, there are different weights. The value of time is immeasurable. Mr. Lu Xun believes that "time is life". Franklin asked, "Do you love life? Then don't waste time, because time is the substance that constitutes life. " In this sense, Jane