High-quality talents should have the confidence to live independently, the enterprising spirit of continuous innovation and the sense of responsibility of extensive care. Have the ability to adapt to the environment, the ability to integrate culture, and the practical ability to struggle for ideals. Colleges and universities should adhere to the dialectical unity of knowledge, ability and quality, emphasize the cultivation of innovative ability, strive to improve students' practical ability and strengthen the exercise of students' psychological quality, so as to promote the cultivation of college students' independent entrepreneurial spirit.
Keywords: the development of entrepreneurial personality in higher education
1 Background of cultivating college students' entrepreneurial spirit
China is in an era of great changes, especially after joining the World Trade Organization Association. With the further promotion of socialist economic marketization and economic globalization, people's production and life style, social relations, values and even civilized forms are undergoing increasingly profound changes, and the demand for talents in society is gradually changing. How to cultivate and mold talents who can adapt to this change and make a difference in social change is an important issue facing the reform and development of contemporary higher education in China. Colleges and universities should shoulder the historical mission of comprehensively promoting quality education and cultivating high-quality innovative talents.
Entrepreneurial spirit is a concept, which runs through classroom teaching and extracurricular activities in colleges and universities, and cultivates students' innovative consciousness, creative spirit and entrepreneurial ability, so that students can boldly go to society and start their own businesses after graduation. Carrying out entrepreneurship education for college students, including curriculum setting, practical activities, reform of teaching system, reform of educational evaluation mode, etc. But it is nothing more than entrepreneurship education on the one hand and entrepreneurship skills education on the other. Entrepreneurship education is the foundation of entrepreneurship skill education, which includes the cultivation of entrepreneurship consciousness, the establishment of entrepreneurship motivation and the cultivation of entrepreneurial psychological quality, with the aim of making the educated form a correct entrepreneurial concept. The focus of entrepreneurship education is to cultivate entrepreneurial awareness, so that students can change from passive employment guidance to teaching students to start their own businesses actively or independently. We should not only encourage students to dare to struggle in emerging fields and industries, but also support students to dare to start their own businesses, learn to develop themselves, and cultivate their entrepreneurial courage, courage and pioneering spirit.
2 the connotation of college students' self-employment
The cultivation of talents is restricted by social economy, politics and culture. Under the planned economy system, a higher education system was formed, in which the state issued a unified enrollment plan, unified examination enrollment, and the state guaranteed to allocate students to schools. When college students graduate, the state issues a unified mandatory distribution plan, and personnel departments at all levels and colleges and universities distribute graduates to employers in a planned way. All graduates have work units, which puts both graduates and employers in a passive position. But also cultivate the attachment psychology of the school to the students of state management institutions. With China's socialist marketization, the employment mode of "supply and demand meet, two-way choice" has gradually formed. This new employment model makes graduates and employers become equal and mutually selective subjects in the job market from subordinate position, and both parties have the right to choose independently, which requires college students to have higher quality to face choices and stronger independent entrepreneurial spirit to meet challenges. Today's college students should strive to cultivate the spirit of independent entrepreneurship to adapt to social changes, and its basic connotation is embodied in the following aspects:
2. 1 Have the confidence to live independently.
Some scholars believe that the transformation from "learning to learn" and "learning to live" to "learning to care" means the transformation of contemporary education.
Obviously, the so-called "survival" here does not refer to the existence and continuation of a person's natural life, but refers to the ability of a person with subjective consciousness to independently open up a life path and create life values independently. Traditional personality has a strong personal attachment to the country, society and family, such as "relying on parents at home, relying on friends when going out", "relying on the country for work and relying on relationships for development" and so on. Modern personality emphasizes the independence of life and has the courage and confidence to face life and meet challenges independently, including interpersonal skills and the ability to cope with and deal with problems in different environments.
2.2 We should have the initiative of continuous innovation.
Abiding by the old adage and obeying the law is often praised in traditional society, but in the ever-changing modern society, it has become an obstacle to social development and progress. "Innovation is the soul of a nation" and also the soul of modern people. The reason why the United States can play the role of "leader" in the process of marching into a knowledge-based economy society is related to the spirit of taking risks, seeking change and encouraging innovation in American culture, which gives Americans a mindset and framework for unconventional exploration and meeting challenges.
2.3 Have a sense of responsibility of extensive care.
A person with independent entrepreneurial spirit should not be a selfish person who believes in individualism. On the contrary, he should have extensive humanistic care, fully show his moral and legal responsibilities to society, the country and others, consciously fulfill this responsibility, and consciously grasp and promote the harmonious development between man and nature and between man and society in social life. Even in the era of market economy, people who have really received higher education and university culture should transcend practical utility and set lofty goals in life. They should not only know "how to make a living" and master the knowledge and skills of survival, but also understand "why to live", understand the meaning and value of survival and always adhere to the value principle of truth, goodness and beauty.
3 characteristics of college students' entrepreneurial spirit
High-quality talents with independent entrepreneurial spirit are embodied in the following main characteristics in practical actions:
3. 1 Active adaptability to environment
"Natural selection, survival of the fittest". Modern people with independent entrepreneurial spirit must have strong adaptability to the environment. In the process of interaction between people and the environment, individuals can make predictions and judgments with forward-looking thinking and vision, adjust their life goals and action plans in time, and keep in harmony with the changing environment, instead of passively waiting and enduring. Especially in the era of knowledge economy and market economy, the constant updating of knowledge and technology, the constant transformation of professional posts and the constant change of interpersonal relationships make people almost always in a strange social environment, which requires people to have good self-adjustment ability and be invincible.
3.2 Comprehensive ability training
Modern social life embodies the coexistence of multiculturalism, traditional culture and modern culture, eastern culture and western culture, mainstream culture and marginal culture to the greatest extent, which makes many people have deep cultural confusion and it is difficult to choose and study their personal cultural attitudes and life direction. This "cultural disorder syndrome" will seriously damage people's creativity and confidence in life. As a modern man with independent entrepreneurial spirit, he must have a broader cultural vision and thinking space. On the premise of adhering to the correct ideological direction and scientific world outlook, outlook on life and values, he should always regard the survival and development of the practical subjects, including individuals, collectives, countries and nations, as "self-centeredness", boldly criticize and choose, and re-integrate and re-create culture on this basis. Only in this way can we find the right direction, determine the goal, move forward independently and create a new world in the process of marketization and globalization.
3.3 Practical ability to fight for ideals
An important proposition in the history of China's thought is the relationship between knowledge and action. Cai Yuanpei, a famous educator in modern times, clearly put forward the idea of "learning while learning", which is still highly targeted today. One of the main drawbacks of traditional higher education is that it pays more attention to knowledge than practice, and unilaterally thinks that students' main task in university is to systematically master the theoretical knowledge of various subjects, so students lack the necessary training of hands-on operation ability.
It's important to know the truth of the world, but the problem is to transform the world. Without practice, it is difficult to transform theoretical scientific thoughts into practical productive forces; Without practice, the ideal of life and the pursuit of value can only be a spiritual "hanging garden" forever, and it is difficult to transform it into a realistic cultural existence. Therefore, the existence of practical concept and the strength of practical ability are very important for the success or failure of a modern profession. While people constantly emphasize "learning, learning and re-learning", they also need to emphasize "practice, practice and re-practice". People with independent entrepreneurial spirit, in particular, need to constantly improve their practical ability and fully demonstrate the essential strength of the subject in practice.
4 ways to cultivate college students' independent entrepreneurial spirit
In the report "The Wealth of Education is Hidden in it", the International 2 1 Century Education Committee holds that "education should promote everyone's all-round development, that is, the development of body and mind, intelligence, sensitivity, aesthetic consciousness, personal responsibility and spiritual value, so that young students can form independent and critical ideology through university education, cultivate their own judgment ability and let them decide what to do in different situations of life. In order to achieve this educational goal, we must do the following in university education:
4. 1 Adhere to the dialectical unity of knowledge, ability and quality.
To cultivate new talents with independent entrepreneurial spirit, we must adhere to the dialectical unity of knowledge, ability and quality. Knowledge is the carrier of ability and quality, including scientific and cultural knowledge, professional foundation and professional knowledge, and knowledge of adjacent disciplines. At present, colleges and universities do not pay enough attention to the knowledge of adjacent disciplines, so it is necessary to distinguish different disciplines and strengthen teaching work in this area.
Ability is formed through training and practice on the basis of mastering certain knowledge. Rich knowledge can promote the enhancement of ability, while strong ability can promote the acquisition of knowledge. Ability mainly includes the ability to acquire knowledge, the ability to use knowledge and the ability to innovate, among which the cultivation of innovative ability is the weak link in colleges and universities. Quality refers to the basic quality that people develop on the basis of innate physiology through individual's own understanding and social practice, and are influenced by acquired environmental education, and their body and mind develop steadily. High quality can make knowledge and ability play a better role and promote the further expansion and improvement of knowledge and ability. Only by adhering to the dialectical unity of knowledge, ability and quality, and paying attention to quality education and the cultivation of innovative ability, can we meet the demand for talents for economic and social development in the 2 1 century.
4.2 Highlight the cultivation of innovative ability
The focus of quality education in colleges and universities is to cultivate innovative talents and serve the economy and society. The cultivation of students' innovative ability is the weak link in most colleges and universities at present. Therefore, in deepening the teaching reform, we must emphasize the cultivation of students' innovative ability. We should respect students' personality development, cherish and cultivate students' curiosity and thirst for knowledge, help students to study and think independently, protect students' exploration spirit and innovative thinking, create an atmosphere of advocating true knowledge and pursuing truth, and create a relaxed environment for the full development of students' endowment and potential. Let students feel and understand the process of knowledge generation and development, and cultivate students' scientific spirit and innovative thinking.
4.3 Efforts to improve students' practical ability
The disconnection between theory and practice leads to students' weak practical ability, which is an important problem to be solved urgently in the current higher education work. In higher education, we must fully realize that students are the main body, and change the long-standing one-way teaching of knowledge by teachers, taking examination results as the only criterion to measure educational achievements, and the over-rigid education system. Create an external environment for students to carry out comprehensive hands-on experiments, encourage students to participate in certain social practice activities in their spare time, enhance their understanding of society and further strengthen their adaptability to society.
2 1 century is the information age, so we should attach importance to and strengthen the cultivation of students' ability to collect and process information, acquire new knowledge, analyze and solve problems.
4.4 Strengthen the exercise of students' psychological quality
According to the psychological characteristics of college students, we should impart mental health knowledge and carry out consultation or counseling activities to help college students establish mental health awareness, optimize their psychological quality, enhance their psychological adjustment ability and adaptability to social life, and prevent and alleviate psychological problems. Help them to deal with the confusion in environmental adaptation, self-management, study, interpersonal communication, making friends and falling in love, job hunting, personality development and emotional adjustment, improve their health level and promote the all-round development of morality, intelligence, physique and beauty. It is mainly to publicize and popularize mental health knowledge, so that college students can know themselves, understand the important significance of mental health to success, establish mental health awareness, and introduce ways to improve mental health, so that college students can learn self-psychological adjustment, effectively eliminate psychological confusion, consciously cultivate the spirit of perseverance and hard struggle, and improve their ability to bear and cope with setbacks.
In a word, the cultivation of self-employment ability depends not only on the permission of objective conditions, but also on students' subjective efforts. As a school, we should create a favorable atmosphere for talents to stand out, actively cultivate students' independent entrepreneurial spirit, and strive to cultivate talents needed by modern society.
refer to
1 Xie Zhiyuan. Entrepreneurship education of college students and the cultivation of entrepreneurial spirit [J]. Chuanshan Journal, 2004(3)
2 Xie Xiangxun. On Cultivating Students' Modern Personality of Self-employment ── An Important Mission for 2 1 century Higher Education [J]. Journal of Leshan Teachers College, 2004
3 Lei Weiping. On People-oriented Thought in College Students' Work [J]. Science and Technology Entrepreneurship Monthly, 2005(7)
4 Jia Wenhua. On the cultivation of college students' entrepreneurial spirit and ability [J]. Journal of Shangqiu Teachers College, 20063