1, plagiarism and coincidence. Copyright protects original works, not original works. Similar works, if created by the author completely independently, cannot be regarded as plagiarism.

2. Copying and using the historical background, objective facts and statistical data of other people's works. Anyone can freely use the historical background, objective facts and statistical data expressed in copyright laws of various countries. However, completely copying others' words describing objective facts and historical background may be considered plagiarism.

3. Plagiarism and fair use. Fair use is the legal basis for authors to use other people's works, and its scope is generally stipulated by copyright laws of various countries. Anything beyond the scope of fair use generally constitutes infringement, but it is not necessarily plagiarism.

4. Plagiarism and utilization of ideas, ideas and opinions of copyrighted works. Generally speaking, authors are free to use the themes, themes and contents reflected in other works to create new works, which cannot be regarded as plagiarism.

Extended data:

Identification methods of plagiarism in papers;

Draw a clear line between the crime of copyright infringement and non-criminal behavior, mainly based on the following two points:

First, if the actor commits copyright infringement, but the amount of illegal income is not large or does not have other serious circumstances, he shall be investigated for civil liability according to the general infringement, rather than the crime of copyright infringement. Only if the amount of illegal gains from infringement is large or there are other serious circumstances can a crime be established.

Second, although the actor objectively violated the copyright, but subjectively there is no profit-making purpose, which does not constitute a crime and should be dealt with according to the legal responsibility stipulated in the Copyright Law of People's Republic of China (PRC).

Baidu encyclopedia-paper plagiarism