Wang Kaidong
(Xuanhua Branch of Zhangjiakou Education College, Xuanhua 075 100)
[Abstract] Based on technological innovation and development, this paper studies the development of textile technology in China, from spinning.
Weaving originated from modern textile, summed up the law of promoting the development of China's textile technology, and predicted the future development of China's textile technology.
Test, and put forward specific suggestions for the further development of cotton textile technology in China.
[Keywords:] knitting; Textile technology; law of development
As early as 5000 BC, it was the birthplace of world civilization.
Take textile production as an example. Asia is in the Nile Valley of Africa.
Hemp textiles, kudzu textiles and silk in the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins of China.
Textiles, etc. In 500 BC, China had a manual spinning wheel.
And a pedal loom. Between traditional and modern textile technology
There are rules to follow, and the future will be beneficial to China cotton spinning.
It has certain guiding significance for the development of weaving technology.
1 Origin of textiles in China
1. 1 the origin of China's original hand weaving
China's original hand-woven technology originated from making fishing and hunting braids.
Product nets and woven basket mats for bedding have been developed. according to
According to the historical records of our country, I got married when I was lying down.
Net, squatting fishing. "Found in Hemudu, Zhejiang 1973.
A site of Hemudu people is about 0. Seven million years ago.
Although the reed mat fragments have rotted, their mat lines can still be seen.
Overall, uniform, tight structure, we can see that the skilled compilation at that time.
Knitting skills.
The original weaving methods probably included tiling and hanging.
Two types. Tiling means placing more than two pieces in parallel.
The yarn is laid flat on the ground in the direction of "×" or "+".
One end is fixed on the cross bar to pull adjacent or spaced apart.
Repeatedly knitting a fixed number of yarns; Or use bone needles and bones
Shuttle, weaving one by one in warp. Finish one, with bones
The cutter tightens the knitting yarn in the direction of the knitting machine.
(as shown in figure 1). Hanging is to hang the yarn to be woven.
Hanging on a crossbar or a round object, the lower end of the yarn should be knotted.
Use a heavy hammer made of stone or pottery to tighten the warp. weave
When swinging the adjacent or fixed interval weight, the yarns are in phase.
Twisted with each other to form a kink, woven one by one (as shown in Figure 2).
Figure 1 flat knitting
Fig. 2 Suspension knitting
1.2 China original hand-woven technology
From the perspective of the evolution of knitting technology and tools, knitting
Warp becomes warp, bone needle and bone needle on the loom.
The inserted yarn becomes the shuttle and weft on the loom, and the bone dagger.
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Summary of Tianjin Textile Science and Technology, No.2, 2007
Become the beating-up knife of loom. "Wild Goose": "Weave, weave".
"Shuo Wen Duo Bu": "Weave, interweave". Explain knitting technology
The origin of ""began with weaving.
There are many kinds of original loom structures in China, and the common ones are
Original waist knitting machine, heald loom, vertical knitting machine, etc. , the first two twisted faces
It is horizontal, and the latter is vertical, and its structure is quite simple.
Single. Tools and money unearthed from Hemudu site and Caoxie Mountain
According to the development of fabrics and weaving technology unearthed in Yang Shan, in
In the early Neolithic period, China had a comprehensive layout of looms and
Primitive waist machine.
The primitive waist weaving is a Neolithic textile in China.
One of the important achievements in technology. Although the primitive waist machine is simple,
It shows some basic principles of fabric. the original
The most important achievement of waist machine technology is the use of heald and warp splitter.
Sticks and beating-up knives make the original waist machine have mechanical functions.
The heald enables the warp yarn to rise and fall at the same time, while the weft yarn 1
The second introduction is that the beating-up knife tightens the weft and weaves tightly and evenly.
Products. It can be said that after the appearance of the original weaving technology,
Humans have really entered the era of wearing textiles.
Figure 3 Original waist knitting
2 Development of weaving technology in China
2. 1 The development of hand-made machine cotton textile technology in China is stagnant.
Before and after China 1840, hand-woven technology has been
It has reached a high level, but it has not been popularized. Zaizhi
In terms of manufacturing, China has high-grade and exquisite products for weaving.
Our large jacquard loom, leno loom and other models.
Although pedal shedding and hand-picked wood looms have become popular in China.
Woven bulk fabrics, but did not invent the "flying shuttle" mechanism.
This is also a difficult power. /kloc-rural China in the second half of the 0/9th century.
Manual single spindle cotton spinning car and 30cm cotton spinning car are still widely used.
Wide pedal hand-thrown shuttle loom. Everyone can only weave cloth every day.
About 9m, labor productivity is not woven by power machine.
Compared with.
After the Opium War, China was forced to open "five-port trade".
Western goods, first and foremost textiles, flooded in.
Enter China. 1842 the total value of imported goods is 25 million taels of silver.
2. Among them, opium accounts for 55%, cotton accounts for 20%, and cotton products account for.
8.4%, ranking third. By 1885, total import value
Of the 88.2 million yuan, cotton products accounted for 35. 7%, rising to the first place, this
After a long period of excitement. A large number of cheap foreign yarns and fabrics
Sales, so that the manual textile industry near the trade port was washed away.
Strike. In this case, there are few handicrafts and textiles in China.
On the verge of disillusionment.
2.2 The influence of world textile technology on cotton spinning technology in China
In 1738, Britain invented the "shuttle" device to make weaving.
Shuttle picking frequency is twice as fast as hand picking, which can increase the cloth width.
Wide. /kloc-in the second half of the 0/8th century, the industrial revolution first took place in western Europe.
Textile industry began, and textile mills began to use steaming at the end of 18.
Turbine driven textile machine. From 1785 power loom
Now, 1895 has made an automatic film changing device, which is made up of
A moving loom. 1926 made an automatic shuttle changing device,
An automatic shuttle changing loom is formed, so that the loom can move further.
Automation, but weft insertion still uses shuttle. In the 20th century,
In the first half of this century, tubeless shuttle looms and their applications appeared one after another.
A rapier loom in which a slender rod is inserted between weft yarns and water and air are used.
Methods: air-jet weft insertion machine, etc. The second time in the history of textile production
The second leap of textile machinery strength began in Europe and merged.
Gradually affect East Asia.
2.3 China power machine textile technology bud.
Before treaty of shimonoseki, foreigners didn't build it in China.
Factory privilege, they tried to stop the China government.
However, foreigners' attempts to set up factories encouraged the enlightened people in China.
It is very important to realize that it is very important to run a textile factory with a power machine.
Profit. China people started their own power machine textile factory.
1872, returned overseas Chinese Chen Qishen founded a company in his hometown of Nanhai, Guangdong.
Silk factory uses power reeling machine, which is China power machine spinning.
The bud of weaving. 1889 Shanghai woven layout was established, and
There are 35,000 spindles and 530 looms weaving in China.
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The beginning of cotton textile mill. 65438+ In the 1980s, China opened.
The introduction of European equipment and the employment of European technicians were adopted.
The first textile mills were established in Lanzhou, Shanghai and Wuhan.
Since then, power machines have been used in textile production.
And factory systems. /kloc-At the end of 0/9, Britain and Japan were in China.
More and more factories have been set up, and at the same time, textile technology and management have been put into practice.
Experience is gradually introduced into factories in China.
2.4 China handmade cotton textile machinery innovation and improvement.
After the introduction of western power textile machinery, it inspired me.
Innovation and improvement of hand-made textile machinery in China. Modern handwork
The improvement of cotton textile machine has gone through the process from hand picking machine to pulling machine.
Shuttle and improved shuttle, and then to the process of iron turbine. hand
Shuttle looms can't be opened, picked and punched in the weaving process.
Continuation and production of weft insertion, heald shifting, let-off and cloth winding.
The efficiency is not high, the cloth is about 9m per person per day, especially the hands.
The small lifting force limits the width of the cloth and can only be woven in general.
1 foot wide narrow cloth. Shuttle puller, also known as shuttle puller, plus
Install the block, shuttle box, pull rope and other parts to change the shuttle's picking action.
The two-handed throw is changed to the right hand responsible for pulling the rope and hitting the ball, and the left hand is responsible.
Pull the reed and beat up the weft. Because of the large input force, not only the weaving speed is accelerated,
It can also increase the width of cloth by about 2 feet. In addition to the frame, pedal excavation.
Wooden components, starting with people's pedals, and other structures are original.
The principle is exactly the same as that of a power loom, and the efficiency of a single machine is also related to power.
Looms are almost the same, which can be said to be the highest form of human looms.
Type.
2.5 Development of textile technology of power machine in China
After the founding of New China, the textile industry recovered three years later.
Period, 1953, entered the planned development stage, textile students.
Productivity has increased rapidly (as shown in table 1).
Table 1 Loom Transformation Process (%)
Project195519651982
Automatic loom 13. 1 54.5 84.8
Ordinary loom 16. 9 24.512.7
Tiemu loom 4.5 1 1.52+0
Manual loom 65. 5 9.5 0.4
Total 100 100 100
Following 1978, China introduced a large number of foreign countries again.
Textile machinery and technology, design and manufacture the third generation domestic setting machine.
Fully equipped. Combine domestic experience with digestion, absorption and introduction
On the basis of technology, design and manufacture high-yield, high-quality and large-scale
There are more mature achievements in packaging, automation and mechatronics.
Complete equipment. In terms of textile machinery, China independently developed and produced.
Produce world-class new textile equipment, some of which
Mass production capacity has been formed. Annual production capacity of water jet loom
More than 300 sets; The annual production capacity of rapier loom has reached.
1 10,000 units or more; The annual production capacity of air-jet looms is 100 sets.
Taiwan Province; Equipment representing new production technology, such as automatic winder,
There are shuttle looms, blowing and carding lines, etc. It has been listed in batches.
Ability in the field.
3 Summary of cotton textile technology development in China
3. 1 China cotton textile technology development law
Two leaps have been achieved in the history of textile production. First of all,
The second leap was about 500 BC to 300 BC.
Completed in China, its symbol is the formation of hand-made textile machinery.
From the initial simple hand twisting to the use of spinning.
Cars, bone needles and other tools, and then the prime mover, transmission.
The formation of a complete machine, including the dynamic mechanism. Textile-produced
The second leap was realized in Britain at the end of 18, and its symbol
This is the formation of the power textile machine. At present, with electronic instruments.
With the development of computer and mechatronics technology, new ones have appeared.
T-type textile technology. The third leap in the history of textile production
It's about to start. Various cutting-edge technologies will be continuously applied to textiles.
In production, the future textile production will be highly automated.
Characterized by modernization, intelligence, intensification, informationization and continuity,
Labor-intensive into technology-intensive.
3.2 China textile technology development trend
Modern textile technology is developing towards high-speed equipment, automation and automation.
The sequential development between traditional technology and new technology
The gap is widening. Domestic textile machinery is digesting and absorbing foreign countries.
In addition to advanced technology, there is also a lack of independent innovation and equipment upgrading.
The generation cycle is too long. And imported equipment can make up for China's textiles.
The gap of cutting-edge technology and equipment meets the requirements of high yield of textile enterprises.
Need quality products. At present, the country pays more attention to imported textile equipment.
Or adopt the principle of controlling the total amount and continue to implement the principle of "one does not increase"
A new spindle ",whether backward or advanced. this
This restriction is no longer in line with the current situation of cotton spinning industry (continued on page 7)
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Summary of Tianjin Textile Science and Technology, No.2, 2007
While introducing foreign capital, we should focus on long-term interests and invest in foreign investors.
Infrastructure projects are strictly examined and approved, and foreign businessmen are strictly prohibited from coming to China.
Invest in the construction of pesticides, chemicals, printing and dyeing,
Papermaking, electroplating and other enterprises. Pollution to existing foreign-funded enterprises
To control the pollution problem within a time limit, we must reach the existing environment in China.
Standard.
(4) Strengthen ecological research and development, and improve the scientific and technological content of textiles.
Strengthen technological innovation, develop and produce high-quality green
Products are an inevitable requirement to break through the international green trade barriers.
Establish an early warning mechanism for foreign technical barriers as soon as possible and strengthen
Study foreign environmental certification standards and collect foreign green
Color barrier measures, the establishment of green barrier information center and data.
Ku。 Closely follow and study the laws, regulations and standards of developed countries.
Standards, signs, etc. With reference to international advanced standards, combined with China.
National conditions, study and formulate technical regulations and standards with China characteristics.
Quasi. Follow the "green thinking" and rely on scientific and technological progress to develop sustainable development
Some new textile fibers with environmental protection function. Through science and technology
The transformation of fruit has promoted the adjustment and innovation of China's product structure,
Improve the technical level of textiles.
(5) Adjust the industrial and product structure to promote the cleanliness of enterprises.
produce
Profit and loss externalities of environment or green products
The comparative cost advantages of the Ministry, export industries and products will be
Corresponding changes have taken place, and some seriously polluted environmental protection technologies have fallen.
After that, industries with high environmental costs, such as hardware, are small.
Chemical industry, its comparative cost advantage will weaken or even disappear.
And some high-tech industries with little or no pollution,
Comparative cost of labor-intensive industries and green environmental protection industries
The advantage will be strengthened. So it should be based on this comparison.
This advantage is transformed into adjusting the industrial and product structure. develop
Green environmental protection industry will be the adjustment of China's future economic structure.
Key point.
References:
[1] Wang Shilian, Green Trade Barriers and China Textiles
Analysis of export problems. World Economic Situation in 2006 (4)
(Continued from page 4) The actual situation of development and the expansion of market demand
Conditions. Spinning equipment does not mean that it must be low.
With the expansion of horizontal production capacity, the state should control the total amount of cotton spinning as soon as possible.
Modified the system method. It is recommended not to import foreign products yet.
Spinning equipment is linked with compressed old spindles to support advantageous enterprises.
Give priority to the development of industry; For cotton yarn production with backward production capacity
Will be eliminated by the market itself. At the same time, formulate corresponding technologies.
Technical regulations and standards, speed up the upgrading of old equipment, resist
The growth of low-level ability. Textile processing, new spinning.
Woven raw materials emerge in endlessly, developing technical content for us.
High-tech products provide a good foundation. By mixing, twisting,
Textile interweaving, clever combination and other processing means, high-tech products.
The development prospect is infinite.
In a word, China textile industry has made great progress in equipment, technology,
Improve the technical content of products from three aspects and strengthen production and learning.
Joint research, continuous exploration, continuous innovation, development and development of their own.
High-tech products, and take the initiative to market, occupy the market,
Will win in the fierce market competition.
4 conclusion
Although modern new textile technology is worse than traditional textile technology
Not too big, but the accumulation of traditional textile technology and experience.
The appearance of the problems provides a reference for the development of modern cotton textile technology.
Jane; National policies in different periods have great influence on the development of textile technology.
It has a great influence, so it should be adjusted according to the needs of technological development.
Line adjustment; There are still laws between traditional textile technology and modern textile technology.
There are laws to follow, and these laws will have a great impact on China's textile technology in the future.
It has certain guiding significance for the development of.
References:
[1] edited by Zhou Qicheng and Tu Hengxian, History of Textile Science and Technology.
Introduction, Shanghai: Donghua University Press, 2003.
[2] Mei, the development of modern cotton textile technology at home and abroad
Outlook, cotton textile technology, June 5-438, 2003+10.
[3] Ge, Lu Shiyuan, etc. Before the advent of textile technology
Aaron, China Textile Publishing House, June 5438+ 10.