Research on the Development Trend and Target of Zhejiang Garment Industry
-Development goals of industrial clusters. The functions and levels of industrial clusters have been significantly improved, and a number of core blocks and key blocks with industrial parks and core enterprises as the main body have been cultivated and built. These blocks have a certain share and strong competitiveness in domestic and foreign markets. Building a number of characteristic textile and garment industrial parks in core and key blocks; Ningbo, Wenzhou and Hangzhou will be established as three "famous clothing cities in China", and by 20 10, the overall image of China's famous clothing cities will be initially established.
-the goal of industrial extroversion. The export value of textile industry is more than 20 billion dollars, which is the second largest export commodity in Zhejiang after mechanical and electrical products, accounting for more than 30% of the total foreign trade export value of the province. Export enterprises are mainly mixed-ownership enterprises, and general trade exports are the main ones. The export of processing trade increased rapidly. The main trading partners are distributed in Japan, the European Union, the United States, ASEAN, South America and other countries and regions. The relative advantage index of export clothing is around 1.8, and textile and clothing export continues to be one of the most advantageous industries in Zhejiang to participate in international competition.
(3) the development layout of textile and garment industry
The province plans to take Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Huzhou, Wenzhou and Taizhou as the regional development centers of corresponding industries, and divide them into different levels according to the advanced nature of industries and the growth of future markets, giving priority to supporting and developing the most potential regional centers or industrial departments; According to the law of industrial gradient transfer, we should pay attention to using the new space of industrial development in the "two western regions" (western Zhejiang and western China provinces) to realize the integrated development of developed and underdeveloped regions.
1. Development layout of textile industry: give priority to supporting the construction of Binhai Industrial Zone and Ke Qiao Development Zone with Shaoxing County as the focus, and promote the faster development of textile industry around Hangzhou Bay. Among them, industrial clusters and chemical fiber production: Shaoxing, Xiaoshan and Jiaxing are the main gathering places. Focus on the development of differentiated fibers and new special fibers with high added value, and increase the proportion of differentiated fibers (40%) and industrial decorative fibers (40%). Cotton spinning projects: mainly concentrated in Ningbo, Shaoxing, Xiaoshan and Haining. The key point is to improve the modernization level of spinning equipment, accelerate the development of pure cotton, high count combed yarn, color spinning and knotless yarn, and improve the self-sufficiency ratio of cotton yarn in the province. Textile industry: focus on Xiaoshan, Shaoxing, Tongxiang, Haining, Haiyan and other advantageous areas. It is necessary to strengthen the adjustment and upgrading of product structure, actively develop high-grade fabrics, increase the proportion of combed yarn in fabric components (45%), and focus on Xiaoshan, Shaoxing, Tongxiang, Haining, Haiyan and other advantageous areas. Printing and dyeing industry: Shaoxing, Xiaoshan and Jiaxing are the main bases. It is necessary to increase the development of environmental protection dyeing and finishing technology and improve the finishing ability. Textile dye enterprises are mainly concentrated in Shaoxing county and its surrounding areas, in which dye production is centered on Shangyu New District, pollution control and management are strict, and highly polluting enterprises are prohibited from being laid out in the upstream waterfront. Household textiles and industrial textiles industry: based on the advantageous blocks such as Haining, Yuhang and Ningbo, production gathering places will be gradually formed. Silk industry: Hangjiahu area, a traditional producing area, is the main gathering block. Further intensify industrial integration, promote industrial agglomeration and improve industrial competitiveness. Textile machinery industry: focus on Xinchang, Shengzhou and Taizhou, and build a new domestic textile machinery production base.
2. Layout of garment industry development: Ningbo Yinzhou is the core block supported by Zhejiang garment industry development. Taking Jianggan District and Xiaoshan District of Hangzhou as one of the key blocks of Zhejiang garment industry layout, women's wear industry blocks are planned and constructed. Take Huzhou Zhili as the second key block of Zhejiang clothing industry layout, and cultivate and build Zhili children's clothing boutique block. Regional cluster of characteristic clothing, men's clothing cluster layout: taking Ningbo as the center, extending to Wenzhou Tengqiao and Zhuji Qiao Feng, Yiwu Chen Da and Suxi; Layout of women's clothing cluster: Hangzhou as the center, extending to Jiaxing and Huzhou; Children's wear cluster layout: centered on Huzhou Zhili, extending to Ninghai, Ningbo; Leisure clothing cluster layout: Wenzhou as the center, extending to Pinghu, Zhuji Qiao Feng, Yiwu Chen Da and Suxi; Leather clothing cluster layout: taking Haining as the center and extending to Changxing; Knitted clothing cluster layout: centered on Xiangshan, Ningbo, extending to Haining, Cixi, Tonglu and Zhuji Datang; Cluster layout of ties: taking Shaoxing Shengzhou as the center and extending to Yiwu and Zhuji; Cluster layout of garment accessories: centering on Changxing, develop garment accessories manufacturing industry featuring high-grade garment adhesive lining.
The cancellation of quotas will inevitably lead to the re-division of global market share. According to the forecast of the US International Trade Commission, the share of China's textiles in the US market will increase to over 30% in the future. However, we are also faced with the complex redistribution of interests between developed and developing countries, and the competition will be more cruel. The textile market in developed countries in Europe and America is still dominated by multinational companies, and a large number of world-renowned brand groups control the market. They have their own brands, designs, fabric sources, technical advantages, production companies and sales channels, which are entrusted to developing countries for OEM processing and then distributed by them. Developing countries like India are our traditional competitors. There are also countries with geographical advantages compared with developed countries (such as Eastern Europe, Turkey and Mexico). ), compared with China, it has geographical location and some trade policy advantages. After the EU's eastward expansion, China's exports to 10 countries that entered the EU after the EU's eastward expansion will show a downward trend with the strengthening of internal trade and the high quotas and tariffs outside the EU. After the signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement, the regional circulation trend of cotton yarn produced in the United States, woven in Mexico and Canada and then shipped back to the United States has gradually formed between the United States, Canada and Mexico. Therefore, in the next 5- 10 years, although China's textile industry will have a certain competitive advantage, the competition and contradictions between Asian countries and regions, as well as between Asia and Latin America, especially the Caribbean, will intensify.
4. Technology upgrading trend. In recent years, Zhejiang textile industry has vigorously introduced advanced equipment, constantly accelerated the pace of updating technical equipment and adopted advanced technology, and all economic and technical indicators rank among the top in the country. The self-sufficiency rate of clothing fabrics has also improved, and the trend of technical upgrading is obvious. After the quota is cancelled, Zhejiang textile industry will have the opportunity to attract foreign investment, advanced technology and advanced management more quickly, strengthen cooperation with other countries in the textile field and promote the upgrading of textile industry. However, foreign famous brand clothing products are seizing the domestic market with an annual growth rate of 3%, and hundreds of famous foreign clothing companies have launched fierce market competition in China. However, the digestion and absorption capacity of our technical equipment needs to be improved, and independent innovation is far from enough.
(2) Existing problems
First of all, labor costs are getting higher and higher. The advantage of low labor cost is gradually lost, which makes the production cost of products gradually increase and the competitive advantage weaken.
Second, land, raw materials and energy have certain constraints on the development of the textile industry. After more than 20 years' development, the most suitable geographical areas for developing textile and garment industry in the province have been basically utilized, and the space for new areas suitable for industrial scale expansion and industrial transfer is obviously insufficient. In terms of raw materials, as far as the quantity of natural fibers provided locally is concerned, cotton, wool, hemp and other fibers can not meet the existing production capacity except cocoon (raw silk). Chemical fiber raw materials are heavily dependent on foreign countries. In terms of energy, there is basically no coal and oil production in Zhejiang Province, and almost 100% is transferred or imported from other provinces. The shortage of power supply and water resources in some areas will also affect the further development of textile industry to some extent.
Third, the research and development ability is weak. The main performance is that the differentiation rate of chemical fiber products has been hovering at a low level, and the development of high-performance and functional fibers is lagging behind; It is difficult to break through the technical obstacles of finishing after printing and dyeing; Fabric development is difficult to make achievements, and basically stays in the imitation stage; The deep development of silk and its related products is difficult, and the corresponding technical problems have not been solved for many years; The level of clothing design is far from the world level, and brand design and construction have a long way to go; The development of textile machinery products lacks independent intellectual property rights. Textile and garment exports are mainly middle and low-grade products, and most of the exported garments do not have their own brands, and the styles are mainly processed according to samples; Functionalized and differentiated chemical fiber fabrics can not meet the requirements of the international market. The fabrics produced can't keep up with the fashion trend in color and pattern, and the self-sufficiency rate of export clothing fabrics is only about 55%. The reason is that there is an obvious gap between Zhejiang Province and the international advanced level in five technical links of product development: fiber, yarn, weaving, dyeing and finishing, and design.
Fourth, there is a certain gap between technical equipment and the international advanced level. The overall level of technical equipment is low, which makes the labor productivity of textile industry in Zhejiang Province far behind that of foreign countries. In the international cotton textile industry, the share of advanced technologies and equipment such as comber and automatic winder has reached 50% and 90% respectively, while Zhejiang only accounts for 20% and 33%. The shuttle-free rate of looms is over 80% internationally, only 38.5% in our province, and the high value-added differentiated fiber products are over 40% internationally, only 20% in Zhejiang. Polyester direct spinning technology has been widely used in chemical fiber industry in developed countries, and the proportion of direct spinning in Zhejiang is only 60%. The technical level of finishing after printing and dyeing is more backward, which leads to low color difference, poor color fastness and poor hand feel of the fabric.
Fifth, there is a lack of professional talents and low management level. There is a shortage of talents who have received systematic training in textile production theory and practice, are familiar with WTO rules and have the ability to handle international affairs. The management level is relatively low. At the same time, the poor and unstable quality of employees not only affects labor productivity, but also causes waste, increases product cost and weakens competitive advantage.
Second, Zhejiang textile industry development ideas and strategic objectives
(A) development ideas
Guided by Scientific Outlook on Development, we should grasp the development trends and opportunities of economic globalization and new scientific and technological revolution, aim at constantly improving international competitiveness, and build a new textile industry system according to the requirements of the integrated development of internationalization, informationization, industrialization, urbanization and ecology. With technological innovation and institutional innovation as the driving force, structural optimization as the guidance, and business process reengineering as the means, we should strengthen industrial cluster effect, optimize regional rational layout and promote industrial integrated development. Build an international advanced textile and garment manufacturing base, research and development base and international trade (marketing, logistics) center with strong support, optimized structure, high technology content and high added value.
(2) the direction of industrial development
-International advanced textile manufacturing base. Mainly reflected in the following aspects: first, the industrial scale, chemical fiber, cotton spinning, knitting, printing and dyeing, clothing, ties and other production capacity. It has always maintained a leading position in the country and entered the forefront of the world. Second, in terms of industrial organization, based on specialization and cooperation, we should build a "network" organization with large enterprises as the leader and small and medium-sized enterprises as the foundation, promote multi-party alliances, guide orderly competition, and build a number of internationally competitive textile and garment "aircraft carriers". Third, the upgrading ability of textile products has been continuously enhanced, the proportion of brand, high-tech and high value-added products has increased significantly, and the proportion of textile products with low level, high resource and energy consumption and environmental pollution has gradually decreased. Fourth, in terms of technology and equipment, increase the introduction of international advanced technology and equipment, cultivate the ability of independent innovation, and make a breakthrough in improving the localization ability of international advanced technology and equipment.
-r&d advanced textile industrial base. Textile industry R&D base is the main battlefield to enhance the upgrading ability of textile products and the localization ability of international advanced textile technology and equipment. It should become the main source of key industrial technologies and regional technological breakthroughs, the gathering place of international, especially multinational companies and national R&D institutions, and the innovation base of combining government support with market operation, professional development with Industry-University-Research, cross-regional cooperation and Sino-foreign joint ventures.
-An international trade center for advanced textile products. First, based on Zhejiang's existing specialized textile products and raw materials markets, wholesale markets and various textile and garment fairs, and in accordance with the requirements of modern logistics and marketing development, information technology is the main means to transform and upgrade the connotative energy levels of various markets, promote coordinated development, and amplify the international and domestic regional effects of the cluster. The second is to speed up the integration with the international textile and clothing market. Vigorously increase the export of textiles and clothing to earn foreign exchange, accumulate market, talents and introduce technology. Gradually increase the number of international brands and overseas suppliers, promote textile enterprises to enter the international market, set up trading enterprises in major trading areas, and increase joint ventures and cooperation with international textile and garment trading enterprises. Cultivate a number of professional exhibitions with international influence, improve and improve the procurement information platform, procurement consultation and procurement services, and make Zhejiang textile trade reach a new level, and strive to build Zhejiang into an international trade (marketing and logistics) center of advanced textile industry.
-Brand gathering place of international advanced textile industry. First, it is necessary to turn the textile industry belt around Hangzhou Bay into an international regional brand of textile industry and expand its international influence; Second, it is necessary to cultivate a number of large-scale textile and garment enterprises, further enhance their international competitiveness, and form influential corporate brands in the country and even the world; Third, strengthen the research and development, attraction, investment and management of product brands. On the basis of strengthening product research and development, we will vigorously introduce international brands to make Zhejiang a brand gathering place of the world textile industry.
(3) Strategic objectives
By 20 10, Zhejiang textile industry will be fully integrated into the international market, and take the lead in basically building an international advanced textile and garment manufacturing base integrating production, R&D, trade and information, with leading domestic level, high degree of specialization and cooperation, complete supporting functions, advanced technology, strong R&D innovation ability, wide coverage, high added value and strong export earning capacity.
-target of industrial development scale. From the analysis of Zhejiang's industrialization development stage, industrial development trend and market demand trend, we think that by 20 10, the total output value of textile industry of all state-owned and non-state-owned industrial enterprises above designated size in Zhejiang will be about10 billion yuan, accounting for about 22.5% of the total industrial output value, and the textile industry will still play an important role in Zhejiang's economic and social development.
-the goal of industrial development level. The technological innovation ability of textile industry is at the leading level in China, the technical equipment of key enterprises has reached the international advanced level, large and medium-sized enterprises have basically realized enterprise informatization, the finishing technology after printing and dyeing and the key technologies of high-grade textile fabrics have made great progress, the textile industry has become a high value-added and high-tech industry, the economic benefits and green manufacturing have been brought into full play, the labor productivity has been greatly improved, and the overall level of the industry has been improved, forming a "lifting effect".
-Development goals of industrial clusters. The functions and levels of industrial clusters have been significantly improved, and a number of core blocks and key blocks with industrial parks and core enterprises as the main body have been cultivated and built. These blocks have a certain share and strong competitiveness in domestic and foreign markets. Building a number of characteristic textile and garment industrial parks in core and key blocks; Ningbo, Wenzhou and Hangzhou will be established as three "famous clothing cities in China", and by 20 10, the overall image of China's famous clothing cities will be initially established.
-the goal of industrial extroversion. The export value of textile industry is more than 20 billion dollars, which is the second largest export commodity in Zhejiang after mechanical and electrical products, accounting for more than 30% of the total foreign trade export value of the province. Export enterprises are mainly mixed-ownership enterprises, and general trade exports are the main ones. The export of processing trade increased rapidly. The main trading partners are distributed in Japan, the European Union, the United States, ASEAN, South America and other countries and regions. The relative advantage index of export clothing is around 1.8, and textile and clothing export continues to be one of the most advantageous industries in Zhejiang to participate in international competition.
(3) the development layout of textile and garment industry
The province plans to take Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Huzhou, Wenzhou and Taizhou as the regional development centers of corresponding industries, and divide them into different levels according to the advanced nature of industries and the growth of future markets, giving priority to supporting and developing the most potential regional centers or industrial departments; According to the law of industrial gradient transfer, we should pay attention to using the new space of industrial development in the "two western regions" (western Zhejiang and western China provinces) to realize the integrated development of developed and underdeveloped regions.
1. Development layout of textile industry: give priority to supporting the construction of Binhai Industrial Zone and Ke Qiao Development Zone with Shaoxing County as the focus, and promote the faster development of textile industry around Hangzhou Bay. Among them, industrial clusters and chemical fiber production: Shaoxing, Xiaoshan and Jiaxing are the main gathering places. Focus on the development of differentiated fibers and new special fibers with high added value, and increase the proportion of differentiated fibers (40%) and industrial decorative fibers (40%). Cotton spinning projects: mainly concentrated in Ningbo, Shaoxing, Xiaoshan and Haining. The key point is to improve the modernization level of spinning equipment, accelerate the development of pure cotton, high count combed yarn, color spinning and knotless yarn, and improve the self-sufficiency ratio of cotton yarn in the province. Textile industry: focus on Xiaoshan, Shaoxing, Tongxiang, Haining, Haiyan and other advantageous areas. It is necessary to strengthen the adjustment and upgrading of product structure, actively develop high-grade fabrics, increase the proportion of combed yarn in fabric components (45%), and focus on Xiaoshan, Shaoxing, Tongxiang, Haining, Haiyan and other advantageous areas. Printing and dyeing industry: Shaoxing, Xiaoshan and Jiaxing are the main bases. It is necessary to increase the development of environmental protection dyeing and finishing technology and improve the finishing ability. Textile dye enterprises are mainly concentrated in Shaoxing county and its surrounding areas, in which dye production is centered on Shangyu New District, pollution control and management are strict, and highly polluting enterprises are prohibited from being laid out in the upstream waterfront. Household textiles and industrial textiles industry: based on the advantageous blocks such as Haining, Yuhang and Ningbo, production gathering places will be gradually formed. Silk industry: Hangjiahu area, a traditional producing area, is the main gathering block. Further intensify industrial integration, promote industrial agglomeration and improve industrial competitiveness. Textile machinery industry: focus on Xinchang, Shengzhou and Taizhou, and build a new domestic textile machinery production base.
2. Layout of garment industry development: Ningbo Yinzhou is the core block supported by Zhejiang garment industry development. Taking Jianggan District and Xiaoshan District of Hangzhou as one of the key blocks of Zhejiang garment industry layout, women's wear industry blocks are planned and constructed. Take Huzhou Zhili as the second key block of Zhejiang clothing industry layout, and cultivate and build Zhili children's clothing boutique block. Regional cluster of characteristic clothing, men's clothing cluster layout: taking Ningbo as the center, extending to Wenzhou Tengqiao and Zhuji Qiao Feng, Yiwu Chen Da and Suxi; Layout of women's clothing cluster: Hangzhou as the center, extending to Jiaxing and Huzhou; Children's wear cluster layout: centered on Huzhou Zhili, extending to Ninghai, Ningbo; Leisure clothing cluster layout: Wenzhou as the center, extending to Pinghu, Zhuji Qiao Feng, Yiwu Chen Da and Suxi; Leather clothing cluster layout: taking Haining as the center and extending to Changxing; Knitted clothing cluster layout: centered on Xiangshan, Ningbo, extending to Haining, Cixi, Tonglu and Zhuji Datang; Cluster layout of ties: taking Shaoxing Shengzhou as the center and extending to Yiwu and Zhuji; Cluster layout of garment accessories: centering on Changxing, develop garment accessories manufacturing industry featuring high-grade garment adhesive lining.